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Análise da viabilidade técnica e ambiental da adição de resíduos provenientes de termoelétrica e beneficiamento de carvão em massa de cerâmica vermelha 分析了在红陶瓷块中添加热电废弃物和煤加工的技术和环境可行性
4区 材料科学 Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2023-0066
Graziela Serafim Casagrande, Alexandre Zaccaron, David Batista Gesuino, Pedro Gabriel Ambrosio, Sérgio Luciano Galatto, Rosimeri Venâncio Redivo, Kristian Madeira, Fábio Rosso, Michael Peterson
RESUMO A investigação teve por objetivo analisar a viabilidade técnica de incorporação do resíduo proveniente do filtro prensa do processo de beneficiamento do carvão mineral (TFP) e de cinzas pesadas (CP) advindos de uma termoelétrica, em massa cerâmica na escala laboratorial. Foram realizados ensaios de caracterização físico-química e de classificação dos resíduos. Posteriormente foram desenvolvidas dez formulações através de planejamento experimental por delineamento de misturas simplex centroide, incorporando esses resíduos a uma massa padrão de cerâmica vermelha. Os corpos-de-prova foram conformados por extrusão sem vácuo e submetidos a tratamento térmico em estufa e queima em forno mufla a 900 °C. As propriedades tecnológicas avaliadas foram: retração térmica linear de secagem e de queima, absorção de água e resistência mecânica à compressão e por fim, foram realizados testes de eflorescência e análise fitotoxicológica. Os resultados de classificação dos resíduos, indicaram esses como não sendo perigoso – Classe II-B – inerte. Os testes físicos dos corpos-de-prova mostram que comparados a formulação base de cerâmica vermelha (STD), as demais formulações obtiveram resultados dentro dos parâmetros técnicos, que podem ser posteriormente realizados em um ensaio de escala industrial. Embora os ensaios mecânicos das provas com incorporação de resíduo ficaram abaixo da formulação base (STD), não se descarta uma prova em escala similar a industrial. No ensaio de eflorescência, observou-se que não houve presença de sais solúveis. E por fim, no ensaio fitotoxicológico, com Allium cepa L. de uma formulação com agregação de todas matérias-primas juntas, apresentou um resultado próximos ao padrão, se mostrando apto a reprodução em escala industrial.
摘要本研究的目的是分析在实验室规模上,将煤(TFP)和热电产生的重灰(CP)的压滤残渣掺入陶瓷块的技术可行性。进行了物理化学表征和废物分类试验。随后,通过设计单纯形质心混合物的实验设计,开发了10个配方,将这些残留物纳入标准的红色陶瓷质量中。试样在没有真空的情况下通过挤压成型,并在窑炉中热处理,在900°C的马弗炉中燃烧。对其工艺性能进行了评价:干燥和燃烧的线性热收缩、吸水率和机械抗压强度,最后进行了开花试验和植物毒理学分析。废物分类结果表明,这些废物不危险- II-B类-惰性。试样的物理试验表明,与红陶瓷基配方(STD)相比,其他配方的结果在技术参数范围内,可以在工业规模的试验中进行。虽然含有残留物的试验的力学试验低于基本配方(STD),但不排除类似工业规模的试验。在开花试验中,观察到不存在可溶性盐。最后,在植物毒理学试验中,对所有原料聚集在一起的配方进行了Allium L.菌株的试验,结果接近标准,适合工业规模繁殖。
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引用次数: 0
Mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt incorporating Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) 含丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)再生沥青混合料的力学性能
4区 材料科学 Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2023-0201
Kamalasekar Athiappan, Rajiah Murugasan, Chandrakasu Makendran, Francis Michael Raj
Huge accumulations of Recycled asphalt pavement (RAP), scarcity of bitumen obtained from natural resources, RAP causing environmental pollution, and increased construction of flexible pavement all over the world led the researchers to reuse the improved aged bitumen by modifiers. Hence, in this research, the reclaimed aged asphalt improved by ABS (5% weight of virgin bitumen) was partially replaced by virgin bitumen (10 to 60% with an increment of 10%) used in the asphalt mix, and mechanical properties such as stability, flow, rutting resistance, fatigue life, Indirect Tensile strength, and resilient modulus were investigated. The research concluded that the aged reclaimed asphalt containing 5% ABS can be partially replaced up to 30% by conventional virgin bitumen, exhibiting better performance without compromising the mechanical properties of the asphalt mix.
再生沥青路面(RAP)的大量积累、天然资源沥青的稀缺、RAP造成的环境污染以及世界各地柔性路面建设的增加,促使研究人员通过改性剂对改性后的老化沥青进行再利用。因此,本研究将ABS(原沥青重量的5%)改性的再生老化沥青部分替换为原沥青(10% ~ 60%,增量10%)用于沥青混合料中,对其稳定性、流动性、抗车辙性、疲劳寿命、间接拉伸强度、弹性模量等力学性能进行了研究。研究得出结论,含有5% ABS的老化再生沥青可以部分取代30%的传统原始沥青,在不影响沥青混合料机械性能的情况下表现出更好的性能。
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引用次数: 1
Investigation of specimen size effect on the use of double punch test as quality control method of the steel fiber reinforced shotcrete 双冲试验作为钢纤维喷射混凝土质量控制方法对试件尺寸影响的研究
4区 材料科学 Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2023-0147
Felipe Pereira Santos, Alan Renato Estrada Cáceres, Rafael Celeghini Santiago, Antonio Domingues de Figueiredo, Luís Antônio Guimarães Bitencourt Júnior
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引用次数: 0
Influence of eco-friendly lightweight aggregates in mechanical and durability properties of geopolymer concrete 环保轻骨料对地聚合物混凝土力学性能和耐久性的影响
4区 材料科学 Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2023-0209
Parvathi Rajalekshmi, Prakash Arul Jose
This research is to replace natural coarse aggregate as 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% respectively, by weight in an M20 grade geopolymer concrete. The geopolymer concrete with different mixes is subjected to fresh, hardened, and durability tests. Utilization of thermal ash aggregates increased the slump and compressive strength of geopolymer concrete by about 15% and 9% respectively. Whereas the slump and compressive strength of geopolymer concrete decreased by about 30% and 38% respectively by using 100% Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate (LECA). Density reduction in geopolymer concrete was found by using both thermal ash aggregate and lightweight expanded clay aggregate for about 9% and 28% respectively. Thermal ash aggregate decreased the density of geopolymer concrete up to 1850 kg/m3 and improved the strength up to 24.50 N/mm2, on the other side using lightweight expanded clay aggregate, the density of geopolymer concrete drastically decreased up to 1250 kg/m3 with a huge decrease in strength up to 14 N/mm2. Other mechanical test results showed similar variations with respect to the compression test results. To ensure the durability of lightweight geopolymer concrete for mixes of GPC, TM5, and LM2 conducted tests like acid resistance, sulphate resistance, salt resistance, water absorption, accelerated corrosion, and sorptivity test.
本研究是在M20级地聚合物混凝土中分别以20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的重量取代天然粗骨料。不同混合料的地聚合物混凝土经受新鲜、硬化和耐久性试验。热灰骨料的使用可使地聚合物混凝土的坍落度和抗压强度分别提高约15%和9%。使用100%轻质膨胀粘土骨料(LECA),地聚合物混凝土的坍落度和抗压强度分别降低30%和38%左右。使用热灰骨料和轻质膨胀粘土骨料可使地聚合物混凝土的密度分别降低约9%和28%。热灰骨料可使地聚合物混凝土密度降低至1850 kg/m3,强度提高至24.50 N/mm2;轻质膨胀粘土骨料可使地聚合物混凝土密度大幅降低至1250 kg/m3,强度大幅降低至14 N/mm2。其他力学试验结果也显示出与压缩试验结果相似的变化。为保证GPC、TM5、LM2配合料轻质地聚合物混凝土的耐久性,进行了耐酸、耐硫酸盐、耐盐、吸水、加速腐蚀、吸附性等试验。
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引用次数: 0
Efeito da temperatura e pressão nas propriedades da liga de titânio Ti-6Aℓ-4V produzida a partir da metalurgia do pó 温度和压力影响钛合金的性质你6ℓ4 v产生粉末冶金
4区 材料科学 Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2023-0196
Ricardo Alan da Silva Vieira, Erbenia Taciane Fernandes da Fonseca, Manoel Quirino da Silva Júnior, Edgley Alves de Oliveira Paula, Fernanda Monique da Silva, Felipe Bento de Albuquerque, Joalis Barbalho de Souza, Fernando Rusch, Mário Vanoli Scatolino, Rafael Rodolfo de Melo
RESUMO Foram caracterizadas micro estruturalmente e mecanicamente a liga Ti-6Aℓ-4V obtida através da metalurgia do pó em atmosfera não controlada variando os parâmetros de sinterização. As amostras foram compactadas em uma prensa uniaxial à 874 MPa, 999 MPa e 1124 MPa, e sinterizadas sem atmosfera protetora ou vácuo, nas temperaturas de 675 °C, 750 °C e 850 °C. Ao sinterizar o material, houve influência dos óxidos nos resultados devido à alta afinidade que o titânio tem por elementos intersticiais, promovendo um aumento na densidade e elevados valores de dureza. A partir dos resultados verificou-se que o tratamento realizado na pressão de 1124 MPa e temperatura de 750 °C foi o que apontou a maior dureza na fase beta (β), sendo o valor de 1165,1 HV. Na fase alfa (α), o maior valor foi de 1321,3 HV, apresentado pelo tratamento realizado na pressão de 999 MPa e temperatura de 850 °C. Os elevados valores na dureza observados na liga estão associados ao reforço promovido pela dissolução átomos de Fe. Materiais com elevada dureza possuem uma vasta aplicação nas indústrias aeroespaciais e biomédicas, que buscam sempre por melhores resultados de resistência mecânica, aumentando assim a vida útil e a aplicabilidades de seus produtos.
总结其微观结构和机械联盟的ℓ你6 4 v通过粉末冶金烧结气氛不解决不同的参数。样品在874 MPa、999 MPa和1124 MPa的单轴压力机中压实,并在675°C、750°C和850°C的温度下无保护气氛或真空烧结。在烧结材料时,由于钛对间隙元素的高亲和力,氧化物对结果有影响,促进了密度的增加和高硬度值。结果表明,在1124 MPa的压力和750°C的温度下进行的处理表明,β相的硬度最高,为1165.1 HV。在α (α)相中,在999 MPa的压力和850°C的温度下处理时,最高的值为1321.3 HV。在合金中观察到的高硬度值与铁原子溶解促进的增强有关。高硬度材料在航空航天和生物医学行业有着广泛的应用,这些行业总是寻求更好的机械强度结果,从而增加其产品的使用寿命和适用性。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental investigation on mechanical behavior of geopolymer light weight concrete 地聚合物轻质混凝土力学性能试验研究
4区 材料科学 Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2023-0160
Suresh Kumar Paramasivam, Suganya Rajendran
The development of lightweight geopolymer concrete is the main goal of this research work, and the outcomes were evaluated in comparison to the control mix. In this work, geopolymer concrete was produced using fly ash as a binder, synthetic sand as M-sand as fine aggregate, and coconut shell as well as palm shell ash for coarse aggregate. For the purpose of selecting a mix proportion via trial mixes, an initial investigation was conducted. The quantity among binder, fine and coarse aggregate, sodium hydroxide molarity, sodium silicate: sodium hydroxide ratio, the alkaline binder ratio is some of the significant variables taken into account in the current study. Investigation of the effects of various factors on the engineering characteristics of geopolymer concrete. The trial mixes were utilized to evaluate the characteristics for geopolymer concrete with a ratio of 1: 2.36 :1.02 and a Molarity of 16 with binder ratio 0.6 The key findings of this investigation is to that the coconut shell waste and palm shell can be replaced instead of fine aggregate. In-depth research was done on the mechanical behavior with geopolymer concrete, such as the mechanical and durability characteristics with control mix.
开发轻质地聚合物混凝土是本研究工作的主要目标,并将研究成果与对照配合比进行了评价。本研究以粉煤灰为粘结剂,合成砂为m砂为细骨料,椰壳灰和棕榈壳灰为粗骨料制备地聚合物混凝土。为了通过试验配合比的选择,进行了初步的研究。粘结剂的数量、粗细骨料、氢氧化钠的摩尔浓度、水玻璃与氢氧化钠的比、碱性粘结剂的比是目前研究中考虑的重要变量。探讨各种因素对地聚合物混凝土工程特性的影响。利用试验配合比为1:2.36:1.02、摩尔浓度为16、粘结料比为0.6的地聚合物混凝土的性能进行了评价,主要发现椰子壳废料和棕榈壳可以代替细骨料。对地聚合物混凝土的力学性能进行了深入的研究,包括控制配合比对其力学性能和耐久性的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of surface parameters on anti-loosening performance of bolts for engineering machinery 表面参数对工程机械螺栓抗松性能的影响
4区 材料科学 Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2023-0159
Can Wang, Qingchao Sun, Shuaishuai Han
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引用次数: 0
Análise das tensões residuais utilizando método DPC na soldagem GTAW multipasse do aço ASTM A131 AH36 com chanfros em “V” e em “U” ASTM A131 AH36钢V型和U型倒角多道GTAW焊接中残余应力的DPC分析
4区 材料科学 Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2023-0212
Danilo Helder de Melo Pereira, Douglas Henrique de Melo Pereira, Romulo Rocha de Araújo Lima, Ionaldo Bezerra Alves dos Passos, Lindembergue Pereira Costa Júnior, Ricardo Artur Sanguinetti Ferreira
RESUMO Análise de tensões residuais realizada em juntas soldadas pelo processo TIG utilizando metal de base ASTM A131 AH36 comparando diferentes projetos de junta. Uma parte com chanfro usinado em formato de “V” e outra em forma de “U”. Também foi correlacionado variáveis de acabamento com passe único oscilante ou com passe duplo retilíneo. O resultado das tensões foi obtido através do método DPC (deslocamento de pontos coordenados). Os corpos de prova foram soldados segundo as normas (fabricação e qualificação) AWS D1.1. Após a soldagem foram realizadas furações na zona termicamente afetada nas mediações centrais do eixo de soldagem em uma mesa de medição por coordenadas. As soldas foram submetidas a tratamento térmico para alívio de tensões (TTAT) e mensurou-se os deslocamentos dos furos causados pelo TTAT, possibilitando o cálculo das tensões residuais. Os resultados demostraram menores níveis de tensões juntas em “U” e boa aplicabilidade do método DPC.
摘要采用ASTM A131 AH36母材TIG焊接接头的残余应力分析,比较了不同的接头设计。一个零件加工成“V”形倒角,另一个零件加工成“U”形。精加工变量与振荡单道或直线双道也相关。用坐标点位移法得到应力结果。根据AWS D1.1标准(制造和鉴定)焊接试件。焊接后,在坐标测量台上焊接轴中心介质的热影响区钻孔。对焊缝进行应力消除热处理(TTAT),测量了TTAT引起的孔位移,从而计算了残余应力。结果表明,U型接头的应力水平较低,DPC方法具有良好的适用性。
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引用次数: 0
Structural performance of hybrid FRP laminates on concrete beams made with manufactured sand 复合玻璃钢层合板在砂制混凝土梁上的结构性能
4区 材料科学 Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2023-0186
Manikandan Kesavakannan, Ramasamy Vasudevan
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the influence of the composition and quenching parameters on the performance of some dual phase in HSLA steels 分析了成分和淬火参数对某些HSLA钢双相性能的影响
4区 材料科学 Q4 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2023-0144
Hektor Oliveira Borges, Jorge Luis Braz Medeiros, Luciano Volcanoglo Biehl, Carlos Otávio Damas Martins, Carlos Alberto Mendes Moraes, José de Souza
Due to its combination of high mechanical properties, good formability, and low production cost, steel is a key material with potential for improvement in the metallurgical industry. Based on these conditions, this research evaluated the influence of material composition and incomplete austenitization parameters on the final metallurgical and mechanical properties of high-strength microalloyed steels after cooling in a medium with high severity. The applied cycle was based on the intercritical thermal treatment of microalloyed steels with niobium (Nb) and titanium (Ti) to increase the mechanical resistance and guarantee the tenacity of the material. An experimental study was carried out testing three intercritical temperatures, 806 °C, 775 °C, and 740 °C, with subsequent cooling in polymeric solutions in water. The studies showed that the intercritical temperature variation directly contributed to the difference in the second phase microstructure present in the samples. The heat treatment findings resulted in a microhardness of 434.2 HV0.01, characterizing the low-carbon martensite. The presence of a matrix consisting of ferrite and a second phase of low-carbon martensite promoted the typical behavior of dual phase steel. In the x ray diffraction, the presence of retained austenite was not evidenced, indicating the efficiency of the cooling rate. The experiments confirmed the influence of different engineering parameters and intercritical treatment on the mechanical properties. The study enriches the current knowledge about the development of variables for the development of dual phase steel from microalloying elements.
钢具有高的力学性能、良好的成形性和较低的生产成本,是冶金工业中具有改进潜力的关键材料。基于这些条件,本研究评估了材料成分和不完全奥氏体化参数对高强度微合金钢在高强度介质中冷却后最终冶金性能和力学性能的影响。应用循环是基于铌(Nb)和钛(Ti)微合金钢的临界间热处理,以增加机械阻力和保证材料的韧性。一项实验研究测试了三个临界温度,806°C, 775°C和740°C,随后在水中的聚合物溶液中冷却。研究表明,临界温度的变化直接导致了样品中第二相组织的差异。热处理后的显微硬度为434.2 HV0.01,为低碳马氏体。由铁素体和低碳马氏体组成的基体的存在促进了双相钢的典型行为。在x射线衍射中,未发现残余奥氏体的存在,表明冷却速率的有效性。试验证实了不同工程参数和临界间处理对合金力学性能的影响。该研究丰富了目前关于微合金化元素发展双相钢的变量发展的知识。
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引用次数: 0
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Materia-rio De Janeiro
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