In this study, the comparative analysis of KOH and NaOH catalysts (used separately and combined in equal proportion) during the trans-esterification of melon seed oil was investigated. The major effects and interactions of four variables (methanol/oil mole ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time) on the yield of biodiesel were studied. The results showed that, under the same experimental conditions, KOH catalyzed trans-esterification produced the highest biodiesel yield, followed by NaOH catalyzed process and then trans-esterification process involving a mixture of the two catalysts (in equal proportion). KOH catalysed process gave optimum conditions of 6.11 methanol/oil mole ratio, KOH concentration of 1.20 w/w% Oil, reaction temperature of 50 _C, reaction time of 83 minutes and optimum yield of 80.7%. NaOH catalysed process gave optimum conditions of 6.20 methanol/oil mole ratio, NaOH concentration of 1.19 w/w% Oil, reaction temperature of 52 _C, reaction time of 83 minutes and optimum yield of 77.9%. While the process involving the mixture of the two catalysts gave optimum conditions of 6.08 methanol/oil mole ratio, catalyst concentration of 1.05 w/w% Oil, reaction temperature of 56 _C, reaction time of 85 minutes and optimum yield of 76.2%. Material balance carried out on the three categories of analysis favoured KOH trans-esterification process and the suitability of the biodiesel yield models obtained in these three categories was justified by high R2 values of 0.9489, 0.9631 and 0.9605 respectively.
{"title":"Assessment of KOH and NaOH Catalysed Biodiesel from Melon Seed Oil","authors":"A. Ayoola, R. Babalola, M. Ojewumi, O. Fayomi","doi":"10.1166/MAT.2018.1559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/MAT.2018.1559","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the comparative analysis of KOH and NaOH catalysts (used separately and combined in equal proportion) during the trans-esterification of melon seed oil was investigated. The major effects and interactions of four variables (methanol/oil mole ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time) on the yield of biodiesel were studied. The results showed that, under the same experimental conditions, KOH catalyzed trans-esterification produced the highest biodiesel yield, followed by NaOH catalyzed process and then trans-esterification process involving a mixture of the two catalysts (in equal proportion). KOH catalysed process gave optimum conditions of 6.11 methanol/oil mole ratio, KOH concentration of 1.20 w/w% Oil, reaction temperature of 50 _C, reaction time of 83 minutes and optimum yield of 80.7%. NaOH catalysed process gave optimum conditions of 6.20 methanol/oil mole ratio, NaOH concentration of 1.19 w/w% Oil, reaction temperature of 52 _C, reaction time of 83 minutes and optimum yield of 77.9%. While the process involving the mixture of the two catalysts gave optimum conditions of 6.08 methanol/oil mole ratio, catalyst concentration of 1.05 w/w% Oil, reaction temperature of 56 _C, reaction time of 85 minutes and optimum yield of 76.2%. Material balance carried out on the three categories of analysis favoured KOH trans-esterification process and the suitability of the biodiesel yield models obtained in these three categories was justified by high R2 values of 0.9489, 0.9631 and 0.9605 respectively.","PeriodicalId":18271,"journal":{"name":"Materials Focus","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76281220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced Antibacterial, and Photocatalytic Properties of Bio-Mimetically Synthesized AgCl Nanostructures Using Various Proportions of Ocimum Leaf Extract","authors":"G. Apsana, P. George","doi":"10.1166/MAT.2018.1566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/MAT.2018.1566","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18271,"journal":{"name":"Materials Focus","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79241433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Panupong Jaipan, C. Nannuri, N. R. Mucha, M. Singh, Zhigang Xu, A. Moatti, J. Narayan, S. Fialkova, R. Kotoka, S. Yarmolenko, O. Scott-Emuakpor, C. Binek, A. Kebede, Dhananjay Kumar
{"title":"Influence of Gold Catalyst on the Growth of Titanium Nitride Nanowires","authors":"Panupong Jaipan, C. Nannuri, N. R. Mucha, M. Singh, Zhigang Xu, A. Moatti, J. Narayan, S. Fialkova, R. Kotoka, S. Yarmolenko, O. Scott-Emuakpor, C. Binek, A. Kebede, Dhananjay Kumar","doi":"10.1166/MAT.2018.1571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/MAT.2018.1571","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18271,"journal":{"name":"Materials Focus","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85098561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fabrication and Characterization of a Water Selective Membrane to Enhance the Conversion of Esterification","authors":"F. U. Nigiz, Nazlı Yenihan, N. Hilmioglu","doi":"10.1166/MAT.2018.1536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/MAT.2018.1536","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18271,"journal":{"name":"Materials Focus","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90418848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Sbiaai, M. Tahiri, A. Hassani, A. Fathi, A. Hasnaoui
{"title":"Atomic Order and Global Packing in Monoatomic Glasses Al, Cr, Co, Fe and Binary Metallic Glasses TiAl3 and CoAl3 by Molecular Dynamic Simulation","authors":"K. Sbiaai, M. Tahiri, A. Hassani, A. Fathi, A. Hasnaoui","doi":"10.1166/mat.2018.1535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/mat.2018.1535","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18271,"journal":{"name":"Materials Focus","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78012467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Textural-Structural Properties and Reactivity Under Inert and Reducing Conditions of La2O3-Modified α-Al2O3","authors":"M. Ghelamallah, S. Kacimi, P. Granger","doi":"10.1166/mat.2018.1548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/mat.2018.1548","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18271,"journal":{"name":"Materials Focus","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91041526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance of Electric Power of 3D Modeling Silicon Solar Cell with Grain Sizes","authors":"Gokhan-Sahin","doi":"10.1166/mat.2018.1550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/mat.2018.1550","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18271,"journal":{"name":"Materials Focus","volume":"59 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82407923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arkilang Challam, C. R. A. J. Chelliah, D. Nirmal, R. Swaminathan
{"title":"Design and Fabrication of GaAs Based MOSFET by Physical Vapor Deposition Method","authors":"Arkilang Challam, C. R. A. J. Chelliah, D. Nirmal, R. Swaminathan","doi":"10.1166/MAT.2018.1528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/MAT.2018.1528","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18271,"journal":{"name":"Materials Focus","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74268244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Dirisu, S. Oyedepo, O. Fayomi, I. Okokpujie, A. Asere, J. Oyekunle, S. Afolalu, A. Abioye
This research work determined the emission characteristics and elemental composition of selected PVC ceiling materials common in Nigerian markets especially during service. This research work determined the emission characteristics and elemental composition of selected PVC ceiling materials common in Nigerian markets. The emission data and elemental structure gave insight to appraise their suitability as ceiling materials. Three PVC ceiling materials were used for this analysis: Nigerian made PVC, layered Composite PVC and white PVC. Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) was performed to obtain the elemental structure of the ceiling materials using Ion Beam Analysis facility. 0.05 kg of the samples were combusted in a controlled fire chamber and the gasses emitted; CO, SO2, NO, and volatile organic compounds (VOC) were identified using four gas analyzers. Elements were detected in total and data collected from the experiment were analyzed. Results showed that Nigerian made PVC has the highest total noxious gas among the three samples with value of 3732.5 ppm while layered composite PVC has the lowest among the PVCs with the value of 1477.5 ppm. The elemental make-ups of the samples influence their emission characteristics. The study established that PVC samples were noxious in terms of their emission characteristics due to the effects of their elemental basis.
{"title":"Effects of Emission Characteristics on Elemental Composition of Selected PVC Ceiling Materials","authors":"J. Dirisu, S. Oyedepo, O. Fayomi, I. Okokpujie, A. Asere, J. Oyekunle, S. Afolalu, A. Abioye","doi":"10.1166/MAT.2018.1544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/MAT.2018.1544","url":null,"abstract":"This research work determined the emission characteristics and elemental composition of selected PVC ceiling \u0000materials common in Nigerian markets especially during service. This research work determined the emission \u0000characteristics and elemental composition of selected PVC ceiling materials common in Nigerian markets. The \u0000emission data and elemental structure gave insight to appraise their suitability as ceiling materials. Three PVC \u0000ceiling materials were used for this analysis: Nigerian made PVC, layered Composite PVC and white PVC. Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) was performed to obtain the elemental structure of the ceiling materials using Ion Beam Analysis facility. 0.05 kg of the samples were combusted in a controlled fire chamber and the gasses emitted; CO, SO2, NO, and volatile organic compounds (VOC) were identified using four gas analyzers. Elements were detected in total and data collected from the experiment were analyzed. Results showed that Nigerian made PVC has the highest total noxious gas among the three samples with value of 3732.5 ppm while layered composite PVC has the lowest among the PVCs with the value of 1477.5 ppm. The elemental make-ups of the samples influence their emission characteristics. The study established that PVC samples were noxious in terms of their emission characteristics due to the effects of their elemental basis.","PeriodicalId":18271,"journal":{"name":"Materials Focus","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84163866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermo-Rheological Complexity of Novel Branch Polyethylene Synthesized by High Performance Bulky α-Diimine Nickel (II) Catalysts","authors":"S. Hashmi, Awan Zahoor, Z. Ghouri","doi":"10.1166/mat.2018.1545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/mat.2018.1545","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18271,"journal":{"name":"Materials Focus","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85668926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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