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Convergence analysis of the finite difference ADI scheme for the heat equation on a convex set 凸集热方程有限差分ADI格式的收敛性分析
Pub Date : 2021-06-04 DOI: 10.1090/MCOM/3653
B. Bialecki, Maxsymillian Dryja, R. Fernandes
It is well known that for the heat equation on a rectangle, the finite difference alternating direction implicit (ADI) method converges with order two. For the first time in the literature, we bound errors of the finite difference ADI method for the heat equation on a convex set for which it is possible to construct a partition consistent with the boundary. Numerical results indicate that the ADI method may also work for some nonconvex sets for which it is possible to construct a partition consistent with the boundary.
众所周知,对于矩形上的热方程,有限差分交替方向隐式(ADI)方法具有二阶收敛性。在文献中,我们首次对热方程的有限差分ADI法在凸集上的误差进行了定界,对于凸集可以构造与边界一致的分区。数值结果表明,该方法也适用于一些可以构造与边界一致的分区的非凸集。
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引用次数: 0
A log-log speedup for exponent one-fifth deterministic integer factorisation 指数五分之一确定性整数分解的对数-对数加速
Pub Date : 2021-05-24 DOI: 10.1090/mcom/3708
David Harvey, Markus Hittmeir
Building on techniques recently introduced by the second author, and further developed by the first author, we show that a positive integer $N$ may be rigorously and deterministically factored into primes in at most [ Oleft( frac{N^{1/5} log^{16/5} N}{(loglog N)^{3/5}}right) ] bit operations. This improves on the previous best known result by a factor of $(log log N)^{3/5}$.
以第二作者最近介绍的技术为基础,并由第一作者进一步发展,我们证明了一个正整数$N$可以在最多[ Oleft( frac{N^{1/5} log^{16/5} N}{(loglog N)^{3/5}}right) ]位的操作中严格和确定地分解为素数。这比之前最著名的结果提高了$(log log N)^{3/5}$。
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引用次数: 6
Accuracy controlled data assimilation for parabolic problems 抛物线问题的精度控制数据同化
Pub Date : 2021-05-12 DOI: 10.1090/mcom/3680
W. Dahmen, R. Stevenson, Jan Westerdiep
This paper is concerned with the recovery of (approximate) solutions to parabolic problems from incomplete and possibly inconsistent observational data, given on a time-space cylinder that is a strict subset of the computational domain under consideration. Unlike previous approaches to this and related problems our starting point is a regularized least squares formulation in a continuous infinite-dimensional setting that is based on stable variational time-space formulations of the parabolic PDE. This allows us to derive a priori as well as a posteriori error bounds for the recovered states with respect to a certain reference solution. In these bounds the regularization parameter is disentangled from the underlying discretization. An important ingredient for the derivation of a posteriori bounds is the construction of suitable Fortin operators which allow us to control oscillation errors stemming from the discretization of dual norms. Moreover, the variational framework allows us to contrive preconditioners for the discrete problems whose application can be performed in linear time, and for which the condition numbers of the preconditioned systems are uniformly proportional to that of the regularized continuous problem. In particular, we provide suitable stopping criteria for the iterative solvers based on the a posteriori error bounds. The presented numerical experiments quantify the theoretical findings and demonstrate the performance of the numerical scheme in relation with the underlying discretization and regularization.
本文讨论了在计算域的严格子集时空柱体上给出的不完全和可能不一致的抛物型问题的(近似)解的恢复。不像以前的方法来解决这个问题和相关的问题,我们的出发点是一个正则化的最小二乘公式在连续无限维设置,是基于稳定的变分时空公式的抛物型偏微分方程。这使我们能够推导先验和后验的误差范围,为恢复状态相对于某一参考解决方案。在这些边界中,正则化参数从底层的离散化中解脱出来。推导后检界的一个重要组成部分是适当的Fortin算子的构造,它允许我们控制由对偶模的离散化引起的振荡误差。此外,变分框架允许我们为离散问题设计预条件,这些问题的应用可以在线性时间内执行,并且预条件系统的条件数与正则化连续问题的条件数一致成比例。特别地,我们基于后验误差范围为迭代求解器提供了合适的停止准则。所提出的数值实验量化了理论发现,并证明了数值格式与潜在的离散化和正则化有关的性能。
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引用次数: 5
Time integrators for dispersive equations in the long wave regime 长波区色散方程的时间积分器
Pub Date : 2021-05-08 DOI: 10.1090/mcom/3745
M. Calvo, F. Rousset, Katharina Schratz
We introduce a novel class of time integrators for dispersive equations which allow us to reproduce the dynamics of the solution from the classical $ varepsilon = 1$ up to long wave limit regime $ varepsilon ll 1 $ on the natural time scale of the PDE $t= mathcal{O}(frac{1}{varepsilon})$. Most notably our new schemes converge with rates at order $tau varepsilon$ over long times $t= frac{1}{varepsilon}$.
我们为色散方程引入了一类新的时间积分器,使我们能够在PDE $t= mathcal{O}(frac{1}{varepsilon})$的自然时间尺度上再现从经典$ varepsilon = 1$到长波极限区域$ varepsilon ll 1 $的解的动力学。最值得注意的是,我们的新方案在很长一段时间$t= frac{1}{varepsilon}$上与顺序$tau varepsilon$的速率收敛。
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引用次数: 1
The perfect groups of order up to two million 完美组的订货可达两百万
Pub Date : 2021-04-22 DOI: 10.1090/mcom/3684
A. Hulpke
We enumerate the 15768 perfect groups of order up to 2·10, up to isomorphism, thus also completing the missing cases in [HP89]. The work supplements the by now wellunderstood computer classifications of solvable groups, illustrating scope and feasibility of the enumeration process for nonsolvable groups. The algorithmic setup for constructing finite groups of a given order, up to isomorphism, has been well-established, both in theory and in practice, for the construction of groups [BEO02, EHH17]. It proceeds inductively, by constructing extensions of known groups of smaller orders and eliminating isomorphic candidates when they arise. Due to limitations in implementations of underlying routines, this however had been done so far mostly for solvable groups. The aim of this paper is to show the feasibility of generalizing this approach to the case of nonsolvable groups. Instrumental in this has been the calculation of 2-cohomology through confluent rewriting systems, generalizing the method [HEO05, §8.7.2] for solvable groups that uses a PC presentation. The construction process is illustrated by revisiting the enumeration of perfect groups that was started in [HP89] and to extend it to order 2 ·10. In total we find 15768 perfect groups, seeded from the 66 nonabelian simple groups of order up to 2 · 10. Compared with [HP89], this newly provides explicit lists of the groups of orders 61440, 86016, 122880, 172032, 245760, 344064, 368640, 491520, 688128, 737280, 983040 that were omitted in their classification of groups of order up to 10. In this range, the calculations also found five groups (in addition to two groups found already in 2005 by Jack Schmidt) that had been overlooked in [HP89]. Besides serving as examples for testing conjectures, such lists of groups are used as seed in algorithms for the calculation of subgroups of a given finite group [Neu60, CCH01, Hul13], or indeed for the construction of all groups of a given order. All calculations were done using the system GAP [GAP20], which also serves as repository of the resulting group data. The program that performed the classification is available at https://github.com/hulpke/perfect and should allow for easy generalization or extension. In addition to the actual classification result, this work also serves as a prototype of enumeration of nonsolvable groups, extending the work of [BEO02] to the nonsolvable case. It illustrates the feasibility range of current implementations of underlying routines for cohomology, extensions, and isomorphism tests, with a number of general-purpose improvements in the system GAP [GAP20] (that will be part of the 4.12 release) by the author having been motivated by this work. Indeed, the fact, that it took over 30 years since the publication of [HP89] to complete the classification of perfect groups up to order one million, indicates the broad infrastructural 1 ar X iv :2 10 4. 10 82 8v 3 [ m at h. G R ] 6 J ul 2 02 1 requirements of such classifications, wi
我们列举了15768个阶≤2·10、≤同构的完美群,从而也补全了[HP89]中的缺失情况。该工作补充了目前已被广泛理解的可解群的计算机分类,说明了非可解群枚举过程的范围和可行性。构造给定顺序的有限群的算法设置,直到同构,已经在理论和实践中得到了完善,用于构造群[BEO02, EHH17]。它通过构造已知小阶群的扩展,并在它们出现时消除同构候选者,从而进行归纳。然而,由于底层例程实现的限制,到目前为止,这主要是针对可解组进行的。本文的目的是证明将这种方法推广到不可解群的情况下的可行性。这方面的工具是通过合流重写系统计算2-上同调,推广了使用PC表示的可解群的方法[HEO05,§8.7.2]。通过回顾[HP89]中开始的完美群的枚举,并将其扩展到2·10阶,可以说明构建过程。我们从66个阶为2·10的非abel单群中得到了15768个完美群。与[HP89]相比,本文新提供了61440、86016、122880、172032、245760、344064、368640、491520、688128、737280、983040等数目组的明确列表,这些列表在对数目至10的组的分类中被省略。在这个范围内,计算还发现了在[HP89]中被忽略的五个组(除了杰克·施密特在2005年已经发现的两个组)。除了作为检验猜想的例子外,这些群的列表还被用作算法中的种子,用于计算给定有限群的子群[Neu60, CCH01, Hul13],或者实际上用于构造给定阶的所有群。所有的计算都是使用GAP [GAP20]系统完成的,该系统也作为结果组数据的存储库。执行分类的程序可以在https://github.com/hulpke/perfect上获得,并且应该允许容易的泛化或扩展。除了实际的分类结果外,本工作还作为不可解群枚举的原型,将[BEO02]的工作扩展到不可解情况。它说明了上同调、扩展和同构测试的底层例程的当前实现的可行性范围,以及系统GAP [GAP20](将成为4.12版本的一部分)中许多通用的改进,作者受到这项工作的激励。事实上,自[HP89]发表以来,花了30多年的时间才完成了高达100万阶的完美群的分类,这一事实表明了广泛的基础设施1 [X iv:2 10]。[mat h. G . R] 6 J . J . 2 . 02]这些分类的需求,同构测试[CH03]是最突出的实用工具(最终也是任何分类的瓶颈)。1. 我们首先简要地总结了给定阶数n > 1的完美群的构造过程。该过程与[HEO05,§11.3]中的描述密切相关(并且,除了使用非abel简单群进行播种外,基本上与[BEO02]中用于可解群的策略相同)。所选阶n的完美群的构造由两部分组成,取决于所得到的群是否有可解的正规子群。1.1. Fitting-free组。没有可解正规子群的群称为无拟合群。这样的群G嵌入到它的群S CG的自同构群中,而群S CG又是简单非贝尔群的直接乘积。G对S的k个直接因子的共轭作用诱导出k阶G的置换表示。为了使其图像非平凡完美,我们需要k≥5(因此n = |G|≥60)。对于所考虑的阶域,这意味着该像是平凡的,因此S的所有直接因子在G中必须是正规的,但是G/S同构于简单非贝尔社会因子的自同构群的直积的子群。这样的因子群是可解的(通过Schreier猜想),表明我们必须有G = S作为简单非贝尔群的直接积。当n≤2·10时,可能考虑的直接因素有:A5、A6、A7、PSL(3,3)、PSU(3,3)、M11、A8、PSL(3,4)、PSp(4,3)、Sz(8)、PSU(3,4)、M12、PSU(3,5)、J1、A9、PSL(3,5)、M22、J2、PSp(4,4)、A10、PSL3(7)。对于素数幂7≤q≤157,q 6= 128, PSL(2, q)。(注意,PSL(2、4)∼= PSL(2、5)和PSL(2、9)∼= A6)。1.2。归纳建设。具有可解正规子群的n阶群可以用p = n/d阶的简单模构造为更小的d | n阶群的扩展。作为完美群体的因素群体,这些更小的群体需要自己变得完美。 因此,我们假设,通过归纳法,所有阶除n的完美群都是已知的。(当然,d阶完美群的存在只是n = p·d阶完美群存在的必要条件,而不是充分条件。)我们也可以假设如果a = 1,则p | d,因为一个完美群在一维模上的作用一定是平凡的,因此p = n/d和p素数到d的任何扩展都是直接积,因此不是完美的。这给出了如下的构造过程:(1)遍历n/d = p的所有固有因子d | n,使得a > 1或p | d。然后遍历所有d阶的完美群F:(2)对不可约a维F -模M / Fp进行分类。为此,我们使用Burnside-Brauer定理,如[HEO05,§7.5.5]中所述,对所有模块进行分类,并消除那些错误维数的模块。(显然,考虑因子群F/Op(F)的最大正规p子群的模就足够了。模块动作的内核索引进一步以|GLa(p)|为界,对于没有小固有因子的群,可以消去一些小维度(> 1)。
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引用次数: 1
Avoiding squares over words with lists of size three amongst four symbols 避免在4个符号中包含长度为3的单词上使用正方形
Pub Date : 2021-04-20 DOI: 10.1090/mcom/3732
M. Rosenfeld
In 2007, Grytczuk conjecture that for any sequence (li)i≥1 of alphabets of size 3 there exists a square-free infinite word w such that for all i, the ith letter of w belongs to li. The result of Thue of 1906 implies that there is an infinite square-free word if all the li are identical. On the other, hand Grytczuk, Przyby lo and Zhu showed in 2011 that it also holds if the li are of size 4 instead of 3. In this article, we first show that if the lists are of size 4, the number of square-free words is at least 2.45 (the previous similar bound was 2). We then show our main result: we can construct such a square-free word if the lists are subsets of size 3 of the same alphabet of size 4. Our proof also implies that there are at least 1.25 square-free words of length n for any such list assignment. This proof relies on the existence of a set of coefficients verified with a computer. We suspect that the full conjecture could be resolved by this method with a much more powerful computer (but we might need to wait a few decades for such a computer to be available).
2007年,Grytczuk猜想,对于任意大小为3的字母序列(li)i≥1,存在一个无平方的无限单词w,使得对于所有i, w的第i个字母属于li。1906年Thue的结果表明,如果所有的li都相同,则存在一个无限的无平方词。另一方面,Grytczuk, Przyby lo和Zhu在2011年表明,如果li的大小是4而不是3,它也成立。在本文中,我们首先证明,如果列表的大小为4,则无平方词的数量至少为2.45(之前类似的边界为2)。然后我们展示了我们的主要结果:如果列表是大小为4的相同字母表的大小为3的子集,我们可以构造这样一个无平方词。我们的证明还表明,对于任何这样的列表分配,至少有1.25个长度为n的无平方词。这个证明依赖于用计算机验证的一组系数的存在性。我们怀疑,如果有一台功能强大得多的计算机,我们可以用这种方法解决整个猜想(但我们可能需要等上几十年才能得到这样一台计算机)。
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引用次数: 5
On the construction of multiresolution analyses associated to general subdivision schemes 一般细分方案相关的多分辨率分析的构建
Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.1090/MCOM/3646
Zhiqing Kui, J. Baccou, J. Liandrat
Subdivision schemes are widely used in numerical mathematics such as signal/image approximation, analysis and control of data or numerical analysis. However, to develop their full power, subdivision schemes should be incorporated into a multiresolution analysis that, mimicking wavelet analyses, provides a multi-scale decomposition of a function, a curve, or a surface. The ingredients needed to define a multiresolution analysis associated to a subdivision scheme are a decimation scheme and detail operators. Their construction is not straightforward as soon as the subdivision scheme is non-interpolatory.This paper is devoted to the construction of decimation schemes and detail operators compatible with general subdivision schemes, including non-linear ones. Analysis of the performances of the constructed analyses is carried out. Some numerical applications are presented in the framework of image approximation.
细分方案广泛应用于数值数学中,如信号/图像逼近、数据分析和控制或数值分析。然而,为了充分发挥其功能,细分方案应纳入多分辨率分析,模仿小波分析,提供函数,曲线或曲面的多尺度分解。定义与细分方案相关的多分辨率分析所需的成分是抽取方案和详细操作符。只要细分方案是非插值的,它们的构造就不是直截了当的。本文研究了与一般细分格式兼容的抽取格式和详细算子的构造,包括非线性细分格式。对所构建的分析方法进行了性能分析。在图像逼近的框架下给出了一些数值应用。
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引用次数: 2
Periodic representations for quadratic irrationals in the field of p-adic numbers p进数域中二次无理数的周期表示
Pub Date : 2021-04-09 DOI: 10.1090/MCOM/3640
Stefano Barbero, Umberto Cerruti, N. Murru

Continued fractions have been widely studied in the field of p p -adic numbers Q p mathbb Q_p , but currently there is no algorithm replicating all the good properties that continued fractions have over the real numbers regarding, in particular, finiteness and periodicity. In this paper, first we propose a periodic representation, which we will call standard, for any quadratic irrational via p p -adic continued fractions, even if it is not obtained by a specific algorithm. This periodic representation provides simultaneous rational approximations for a quadratic irrational both in R mathbb R and Q p mathbb Q_p . Moreover given two primes p 1 p_1 and p 2

连分式在p进数Q p mathbb Q_p领域得到了广泛的研究,但目前还没有一种算法能复制连分式在实数上所具有的所有优良性质,特别是在有限性和周期性方面。在本文中,我们首先提出了一个周期表示,我们称之为标准,对于任何二次无理数通过p进连分数,即使它不是由一个特定的算法得到。这个周期表示提供了R mathbb R和Q p mathbb Q_p中二次无理数的同时有理逼近。此外,给定两个素数p1p_1和p2p_2,利用二项式变换,我们也可以将qp1 mathbb {Q}_{p_1}中的近似传递到给定二次无理数的qp2 mathbb {Q}_{p_2}中的近似。然后,我们将重点放在一个特定的p进连分数算法上,证明它在处理有理数时停止在有限的步骤中,解决了Browkin [Math]的一篇论文中留下的一个问题。[p. 70(2001),第1281-1292页]。最后,我们研究了该算法的周期性,表明它何时产生二次无理数的标准表示。
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引用次数: 6
Isotropic non-Lipschitz regularization for sparse representations of random fields on the sphere 球上随机场稀疏表示的各向同性非lipschitz正则化
Pub Date : 2021-04-09 DOI: 10.1090/MCOM/3655
Chao Li, Xiaojun Chen
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引用次数: 2
Numerical analysis of a method for solving 2D linear isotropic elastodynamics with traction free boundary condition using potentials and finite elements 二维无牵引边界条件下线性各向同性弹性动力学的势能与有限元数值分析
Pub Date : 2021-04-05 DOI: 10.1090/mcom/3613
J. A. Martínez, S. Imperiale, P. Joly, Jerónimo Rodríguez
When solving 2D linear elastodynamic equations in a homogeneous isotropic media, a Helmholtz decomposition of the displacement field decouples the equations into two scalar wave equations that only interact at the boundary. It is then natural to look for numerical schemes that independently solve the scalar equations and couple the solutions at the boundary. The case of rigid boundary condition was treated In [3, 2]. However in [4] the case of free surface boundary condition was proven to be unstable if a straightforward approach is used. Then an adequate functional framework as well as a time domain mixed formulation to circumvent these issues was presented. In this work we first review the formulation presented in [4] and propose a subsequent discretised formulation. We provide the complete stability analysis of the corresponding numerical scheme. Numerical results that illustrate the theory are also shown.
在求解均匀各向同性介质中的二维线性弹性动力学方程时,位移场的亥姆霍兹分解将方程解耦为两个仅在边界处相互作用的标量波动方程。因此,寻找独立求解标量方程并在边界处耦合解的数值格式是很自然的。刚性边界条件的情况在[3,2]中处理。然而,在[4]的情况下,如果使用直接的方法,则证明自由表面边界条件是不稳定的。然后提出了一种适当的功能框架和时域混合公式来解决这些问题。在这项工作中,我们首先回顾了[4]中提出的公式,并提出了随后的离散公式。我们提供了完整的稳定性分析相应的数值格式。最后给出了数值结果。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Math. Comput. Model.
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