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Normozoospermia. Is it always the norm? 正常无精子症。它总是正常的吗?
Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.33667/2078-5631-2024-8-53-56
D. V. Moskvichev, R. S. Frantsev, A. Strachuk, E. Korovyakova, A. V. Kuchuk, E. A. Presnova
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引用次数: 0
Pregnancy, labor, postpartum and neonatal outcomes in women with new coronavirus infection and preterm labor 新冠状病毒感染和早产妇女的妊娠、分娩、产后和新生儿结局
Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.33667/2078-5631-2024-8-48-53
E. E. Chernaya, E. I. Kutefa, A. Kasparova, E. N. Vasilkovskaya, L. A. Chegus, S. Semenchenko
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the dynamics of oral pathogenic microbiota in COVID-19 patients by genomic sequencing after application of foam with antimicrobial action 使用具有抗菌作用的泡沫后,通过基因组测序评估 COVID-19 患者口腔病原微生物群的动态变化
Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.33667/2078-5631-2024-11-7-13
O. O. Yanushevich, N. I. Krikheli, I. Maev, A. V. Zaborovsky, O. Levchenko, Yu. S. Galeeva, E. V. Starikova, D. N. Andreev, P. A. Bely, F. S. Sokolov, A. K. Fomenko, S. V. Tsaregorodtsev, N. G. Andreev, V. V. Evdokimov, M. K. Devkota, A. L. Kebina, E. N. Ilyina, V. M. Govorun, O. V. Rudneva
Relevance. The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has demonstrated the critical importance of understanding the mechanisms of transmission and finding effective methods of prevention. Particular attention has been paid to the role of oral hygiene, as the oral cavity serves as a major route of transmission. Studies show that the composition of the oral microbiota can influence the course and outcome of COVID-19 disease. Therefore, there is a need to study the effects of oral antiseptics on the microbiome, which may offer new opportunities for the prevention and treatment of this disease.Objective. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the oral cleansing foam «Parodontol PROF» in reducing the pathogenic microflora of the oral cavity in patients with COVID-19 and to assess its effect on the risk of secondary infections.Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Clinical Medical Centre «Kuskovo» of Russian University of Medicine. It included 450 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The participants were divided into two groups: the test group used oral cleansing foam, while the control group used no additional oral hygiene. Comparative analyses of the taxonomic composition of the oropharyngeal microbiota and dental plaque before and after the use of the cleansing foam were performed.Results. The study showed that patients who regularly used the cleansing foam «Parodontol PROF» had a significant decrease in the representation of pathogens, including Mycoplasma, and an increase in the number of beneficial commensals such as Lactococcus and Lactobacillus. These changes indicate the potential efficacy of this product to improve oral hygiene and reduce the risk of secondary infections.Conclusion. The study supports the hypothesis that improving oral hygiene with specialised antiseptic agents, such as a cleansing foam, may help to reduce pathogenic microflora in the oral cavity in patients with COVID-19. This, in turn, may reduce the risk of pathogen migration into the lower respiratory tract and the development of secondary infections. The findings emphasise the importance of further research in this area and the development of comprehensive approaches to oral hygiene management in the context of infectious diseases.
相关性。由 SARS-CoV-2 病毒引起的 COVID-19 大流行表明,了解传播机制和找到有效的预防方法至关重要。口腔卫生的作用尤其受到关注,因为口腔是传播的主要途径。研究表明,口腔微生物群的组成可影响 COVID-19 的病程和结果。因此,有必要研究口腔防腐剂对微生物群的影响,这可能为预防和治疗这种疾病提供新的机会。本研究旨在评估口腔清洁泡沫 "Parodontol PROF "在减少 COVID-19 患者口腔致病微生物群方面的有效性,并评估其对继发感染风险的影响。研究在俄罗斯医科大学 "库斯科沃 "临床医学中心进行。研究对象包括 450 名确诊为 COVID-19 的患者。参与者被分为两组:试验组使用口腔清洁泡沫,对照组不使用额外的口腔卫生用品。研究人员对使用清洁泡沫前后口咽微生物群和牙菌斑的分类组成进行了比较分析。研究结果表明,定期使用 "Parodontol PROF "清洁泡沫的患者,支原体等病原体的数量明显减少,而乳球菌和乳酸杆菌等有益共生菌的数量则有所增加。这些变化表明,该产品具有改善口腔卫生和降低二次感染风险的潜在功效。该研究支持以下假设:使用专用杀菌剂(如清洁泡沫)改善口腔卫生可能有助于减少 COVID-19 患者口腔中的病原微生物菌群。这反过来又可降低病原体迁移到下呼吸道和继发感染的风险。研究结果强调了在这一领域开展进一步研究和开发传染病口腔卫生管理综合方法的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Human papillomavirus as a predictor of cervical cancer in women of reproductive age (literature review) 人类乳头瘤病毒作为育龄妇女宫颈癌的预测因素(文献综述)
Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.33667/2078-5631-2024-8-57-61
N. V. Buzovskaya, A. Morozov, T. Sorokovikova, S. Naumova
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引用次数: 0
Changes in the level of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with external genital endometriosis (literature review) 外生殖器子宫内膜异位症患者体内抗炎和促炎细胞因子水平的变化(文献综述)
Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.33667/2078-5631-2024-8-36-40
A. A. Grigoryants, N. Burova, V. Avrutskaya, I. Krukier
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引用次数: 0
Vegetative innervation of the human reproductive system in embryogenesis 胚胎发育过程中人类生殖系统的植物神经支配
Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.33667/2078-5631-2024-8-25-31
M. V. Labzina, S. V. Abramova, A. S. Nechaykin, D. Y. Shubin, M. I. Kechemaykina
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引用次数: 0
Chronic cervicitis: a gynecologist and cytologist’s view of the problem 慢性宫颈炎:妇科医生和细胞学专家对这一问题的看法
Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.33667/2078-5631-2024-8-16-21
A. V. Ledina, S. I. Rogovskaya, I. P. Shabalova, N. N. Bayandina
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引用次数: 0
Features of pain manifestations in women with premenstrual syndrome 经前综合征妇女的疼痛表现特征
Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.33667/2078-5631-2024-8-32-35
L. Tkachenko, O. Kurushina, I. A. Gritsenko, A. S. Justus
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引用次数: 0
Circulating tumour DNA analysis and new uses of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer 循环肿瘤 DNA 分析和抗 EGFR 单克隆抗体在转移性结直肠癌患者中的新用途
Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.33667/2078-5631-2024-7-46-54
M. S. Ruban, L. V. Bolotina, Yu. B. Karagodina, T. I. Deshkina, A. L. Kornietskaya, A. A. Fedenko
Currently, tumour tissue biopsy to determine RAS/BRAF gene alterations, assess microsatellite instability status, and determine HER‑2/neu gene amplification/hyperexpression is the gold standard of diagnosis and allows the selection of optimal molecularly targeted therapy when considering treatment strategies for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. However, biopsy does not fully reflect the existing intratumoural heterogeneity and clonal evolution of tumour cells, which can often be the cause of therapeutic failures. In recent years, liquid biopsy has attracted increasing attention as an additional and potentially alternative non-invasive tool for molecular tumour profiling. Assessment of circulating tumour DNA allows changes in the genetic status of the tumour to be monitored and the «burden» of disease to be measured dynamically in real time. Advances in liquid biopsy technology have led to promising new strategies for the management of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in late-line therapy. The standard drug arsenal in this group of patients is limited to either repeat administration of previously effective therapy or regorafenib and the combination of trifluridine/tipiracil with bevacizumab, which are characterized by limited clinical activity. However, thanks to the discovery of the NeoRAS wild-type phenomenon and the rechallenge strategy of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies based on the study of clonal selection and evolution of tumour cells, the administration of epidermal growth factor inhibitors in a molecularly selected by liquid biopsy population is accompanied by good tolerability and efficacy. Numerous clinical studies are ongoing to further understand the mechanisms of tumour resistance and to develop new evidence-based treatment approaches in order to realise the concept of personalised medicine.
目前,通过肿瘤组织活检确定 RAS/BRAF 基因改变、评估微卫星不稳定性状态和确定 HER-2/neu 基因扩增/高表达是诊断的黄金标准,在考虑转移性结直肠癌患者的治疗策略时可选择最佳的分子靶向治疗。然而,活检并不能完全反映肿瘤细胞现有的瘤内异质性和克隆进化,这往往是治疗失败的原因。近年来,液体活检作为一种额外的、潜在的非侵入性肿瘤分子图谱分析工具日益受到关注。通过对循环肿瘤 DNA 的评估,可以监测肿瘤基因状态的变化,并实时动态地测量疾病的 "负担"。液体活检技术的进步为晚期治疗转移性结直肠癌患者的管理带来了前景广阔的新策略。这类患者的标准药物库仅限于重复使用以前有效的疗法或瑞戈非尼(regorafenib)和三氟嘧啶/替吡拉西与贝伐珠单抗(bevacizumab)联合疗法,这些疗法的临床活性有限。然而,由于新RAS野生型现象的发现,以及基于肿瘤细胞克隆选择和进化研究的抗表皮生长因子受体单克隆抗体再挑战策略,在通过液体活检进行分子筛选的人群中使用表皮生长因子抑制剂具有良好的耐受性和疗效。目前正在进行大量临床研究,以进一步了解肿瘤抗药性的机制,并开发新的循证治疗方法,从而实现个性化医疗的概念。
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引用次数: 0
The role of quantitative electroencephalography in the diagnosis of postoperative cerebral consequences in patients with cardiovascular pathology who underwent cardiac surgery using artificial circulation. Importance for oncology (literature review) 定量脑电图在诊断使用人工循环进行心脏手术的心血管病患者术后脑后果中的作用。对肿瘤学的重要性(文献综述)
Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.33667/2078-5631-2024-7-41-45
E. I. Kuznetsova, D. D. Tsyrenov
Currently, special attention of researchers is attracted to the problem of diagnosing postoperative brain damage and cognitive impairment in patients with cardiovascular pathology after cardiac surgery without/under conditions of artificial circulation (AC). The main method of assessing the functional state of the brain is quantitative electroencephalography (EEG). Because of cardiovascular and oncological pathology could persist in one patient it is actual simultaneous cardial and oncological surgery under EEG monitoring.Objective: based on the literature data, to find out the role of EEG in diagnosis of cerebral complications in patients with cardiovascular pathology after cardiac surgery without /under conditions of AC.Methods. We found and analyzed data in specialized medical data base Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science about EEG methods in patients after heart bypass with/without AC from 1980 to 2023 years.Results. The quantitative EEG is very important for early diagnosis and prognosis for cerebral ischemia, epileptiform activity, postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) after coronary artery bypass with/without AC. However, the studies did not included patients with oncopathology, people over 70 years of age. It opens possibilities for early diagnosis of central nervous system functional condition in patients with lung cancer and cardiovascular disorders in simultaneous (concomitant heart and lung with/without AC) surgery. It will help a correction of complications in time and a development of guided rehabilitation
目前,研究人员特别关注在无人工循环(AC)条件下诊断心血管病变患者术后脑损伤和认知障碍的问题。评估大脑功能状态的主要方法是定量脑电图(EEG)。目的:根据文献资料,找出脑电图在无/有人工循环条件下心脏手术后心血管病变患者脑并发症诊断中的作用。我们在专业医学数据库Pubmed、Scopus、Web of Science中查找并分析了1980年至2023年间有/无AC心脏搭桥术后患者的脑电图方法。定量脑电图对于冠状动脉搭桥术(有/无 AC)后冠心病(CHD)患者脑缺血、癫痫样活动、术后认知功能障碍的早期诊断和预后非常重要。然而,这些研究并不包括肿瘤患者和 70 岁以上的老人。该研究为早期诊断肺癌和心血管疾病患者的中枢神经系统功能状况提供了可能性。这将有助于及时纠正并发症和开展有指导的康复治疗。
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