Simulation and Evaluation of the Pore water pressure (P) variations with the Depths, which did carefully by the Viet Nam Standard “TCVN 4197:2012”; “TCVN 8723:2012” and “TCVN: 8721: 2012. Research results presented particularly for Permeability Coefficient (χ) obtained 1.00E-08; whereas the minimum value has only shown 2.00E-09 at 0.5 kg/cm2 and 8.0 kg/cm2 at 24.3m depths. On the other hand, the pore coefficient (ε) variations decreased gradually as the increasing depths; whereas the minimum value obtained 0.685 at 27.3m depth. Moreover, standards viscosity (B) and Compaction density (ζ) increased gradually as the depths increased gradually. From the analysis, simulation of the Pore water pressure with depths was calculated particularly with remarkable results, which as done by the Plaxis 3D software, so results presented in 360 kN/m2 at 4.0m and minimum value of 20 kN/m2 at 38.0m depth. In conclusion, research results can be applied and credited affections to the construction deformation. Moreover, research results can be used as useful references for engineers of Civil, Geology, researchers, and scientists in the future.
{"title":"Simulation and Evaluation of the Pore Water Pressure Variations with Groundwater Levels Variations at the Depths","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/asrhr.01.01.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/asrhr.01.01.18","url":null,"abstract":"Simulation and Evaluation of the Pore water pressure (P) variations with the Depths, which did carefully by the Viet Nam Standard “TCVN 4197:2012”; “TCVN 8723:2012” and “TCVN: 8721: 2012. Research results presented particularly for Permeability Coefficient (χ) obtained 1.00E-08; whereas the minimum value has only shown 2.00E-09 at 0.5 kg/cm2 and 8.0 kg/cm2 at 24.3m depths. On the other hand, the pore coefficient (ε) variations decreased gradually as the increasing depths; whereas the minimum value obtained 0.685 at 27.3m depth. Moreover, standards viscosity (B) and Compaction density (ζ) increased gradually as the depths increased gradually. From the analysis, simulation of the Pore water pressure with depths was calculated particularly with remarkable results, which as done by the Plaxis 3D software, so results presented in 360 kN/m2 at 4.0m and minimum value of 20 kN/m2 at 38.0m depth. In conclusion, research results can be applied and credited affections to the construction deformation. Moreover, research results can be used as useful references for engineers of Civil, Geology, researchers, and scientists in the future.","PeriodicalId":183831,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sexual & Reproductive Health Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134120479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1212672/v1
C. Ibenegbu
The study examined evidence of gender equity in pupils achievement in phonics, when exposed to adult and children-generated illustrations in Njikoka Local Government Area of Nigeria. The study employed a non-equivalent quasi‐experimental 2 x 2 factorial research design. Some 158 primary two pupils from 4 schools were used for the study. The English Achievement Test (EAT) was used to collect data. Three hypotheses were tested. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The results showed that there was a significant main effect for the mode of illustration on pupils’ achievement in phonics F(1,153) = 21.315, p=.000; there was no significant main effect of gender F(1,153) = 1.082, p =.300, and there was no significant interaction effect of mode of illustration and gender F(1,153) = .701, p =.404. The study recommended that since the children-generated illustrations were more effective in teaching phonics and enhancing pupils achievement in phonics, the Ministries of Education should ensure that textbook authors incorporate children-generated illustrations in the instructional materials for pupils in primary schools. Mode of illustration had no differential effects on male and female pupils achievement in phonics. As such the present system of teaching both males and females in the same class should be encouraged. Authors and publishers of children’s books should engage pupils’ in illustrating their books.
这项研究调查了尼日利亚Njikoka地方政府地区的学生在阅读成人和儿童制作的插图时，在自然拼读方面的性别平等的证据。本研究采用非等效的准实验2 × 2因子研究设计。来自4所学校的158名小学生参与了这项研究。使用英语水平测试(EAT)收集数据。测试了三个假设。采用描述性统计和协方差分析(ANCOVA)对数据进行分析。结果表明:插图方式对小学生的语音成绩有显著的主效应F(1,153) = 21.315, p= 0.000;性别无显著主效应F(1153) = 1.082, p =。F(1,153) =. 701, p =.404，说明方式与性别无显著交互作用。本研究建议，由于儿童生成的插图在教授自然拼读法和提高学生的自然拼读成绩方面更有效，教育部应确保教科书作者将儿童生成的插图纳入小学学生的教学材料中。说明方式对男女小学生的自然拼读成绩无差异影响。因此，应该鼓励目前男女同班教学的制度。儿童书籍的作者和出版商应该让学生参与他们的书的插图。
{"title":"Evidence of gender equity in pupils’ achievement in phonics, when exposed to adult and children-generated illustrations","authors":"C. Ibenegbu","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1212672/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1212672/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The study examined evidence of gender equity in pupils achievement in phonics, when exposed to adult and children-generated illustrations in Njikoka Local Government Area of Nigeria. The study employed a non-equivalent quasi‐experimental 2 x 2 factorial research design. Some 158 primary two pupils from 4 schools were used for the study. The English Achievement Test (EAT) was used to collect data. Three hypotheses were tested. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The results showed that there was a significant main effect for the mode of illustration on pupils’ achievement in phonics F(1,153) = 21.315, p=.000; there was no significant main effect of gender F(1,153) = 1.082, p =.300, and there was no significant interaction effect of mode of illustration and gender F(1,153) = .701, p =.404. The study recommended that since the children-generated illustrations were more effective in teaching phonics and enhancing pupils achievement in phonics, the Ministries of Education should ensure that textbook authors incorporate children-generated illustrations in the instructional materials for pupils in primary schools. Mode of illustration had no differential effects on male and female pupils achievement in phonics. As such the present system of teaching both males and females in the same class should be encouraged. Authors and publishers of children’s books should engage pupils’ in illustrating their books.","PeriodicalId":183831,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sexual & Reproductive Health Research","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114830175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-23DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1075288/v1
Hunduma Dina Hambisa, Simachew Kassa, Shumiye Shiferaw
Introduction: - Sexual and reproductive health service is critical for youths; because it does not only set the stage for health beyond the reproductive years; it also affects the health of the next generation. Youth is one of life’s most fascinating and complex life stages and accompanied by special sexual and reproductive health needs.Objective: - This study was aimed to determine; utilization status of sexual and reproductive health services and associated factors among high school students in Assosa Zone Western Ethiopia. Methods: - School-based quantitative cross sectional study was carried out among all students from systematically selected in high school of Assosa Zone. Total of 400 samples were proportionally allocated for the stratum and eligible students in were interviewed. Pretested structured questionnaires were employed to obtain quantitative data. The collected data was interred into Epidata version 3.1 and analysed using SPSS version 25 software.Results: - Over all utilization of sexual and reproductive health services by youth students was 32% in the past six months. Counseling services was the major (33.6%) service utilized and Private clinic was the major 73% place of sexual and reproductive health service utilized. Having pocket money [95 %CI (AOR=2.81(2.35, 5.09)], being sexually active [95 %CI (AOR=1.82(1.25, 3.26)], parental discussion [95 %CI (AOR=2.78(1.59, 4.67)], peer education was also significantly associated with utilization of sexual and reproductive health services. Conclusions: - Over all utilization of sexual and reproductive health service among youth students in the past six months was 32%. To improve youth’s sexual and reproductive health service utilization; increasing accessibility, awareness creation at all levels as well as making the service confidential should be interventional areas.
导言:-性健康和生殖健康服务对青年至关重要;因为它不仅为生育年龄以后的健康奠定了基础;它还会影响下一代的健康。青年是生命中最迷人和最复杂的阶段之一，伴随着特殊的性健康和生殖健康需求。目的:-本研究旨在确定;埃塞俄比亚西部阿索萨区高中生性与生殖健康服务利用状况及相关因素。方法:系统选取阿索萨地区高中所有学生进行校本定量横断面研究。按比例为该阶层分配400个样本，对符合条件的学生进行访谈。采用预先测试的结构化问卷来获得定量数据。收集的数据采用Epidata 3.1版本进行分析，并使用SPSS 25版本软件进行分析。结果:-在过去六个月中，青年学生总体上利用性健康和生殖健康服务的比例为32%。咨询服务是使用的主要服务(33.6%)，私人诊所是使用性健康和生殖健康服务的主要场所(73%)。有零花钱[95% CI (AOR=2.81(2.35, 5.09)]、性活跃[95% CI (AOR=1.82(1.25, 3.26)]、父母讨论[95% CI (AOR=2.78(1.59, 4.67)]、同伴教育与性健康和生殖健康服务的利用也显著相关。结论:-在过去六个月中，青少年学生总体上利用性健康和生殖健康服务的比例为32%。提高青年对性健康和生殖健康服务的利用;增加可访问性，提高各级的意识以及使服务保密应该是干预领域。
{"title":"Utilization status of sexual and reproductive health services among high school students in assosa zone; western ethiopia, 2021.","authors":"Hunduma Dina Hambisa, Simachew Kassa, Shumiye Shiferaw","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1075288/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1075288/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Introduction: - Sexual and reproductive health service is critical for youths; because it does not only set the stage for health beyond the reproductive years; it also affects the health of the next generation. Youth is one of life’s most fascinating and complex life stages and accompanied by special sexual and reproductive health needs.Objective: - This study was aimed to determine; utilization status of sexual and reproductive health services and associated factors among high school students in Assosa Zone Western Ethiopia. Methods: - School-based quantitative cross sectional study was carried out among all students from systematically selected in high school of Assosa Zone. Total of 400 samples were proportionally allocated for the stratum and eligible students in were interviewed. Pretested structured questionnaires were employed to obtain quantitative data. The collected data was interred into Epidata version 3.1 and analysed using SPSS version 25 software.Results: - Over all utilization of sexual and reproductive health services by youth students was 32% in the past six months. Counseling services was the major (33.6%) service utilized and Private clinic was the major 73% place of sexual and reproductive health service utilized. Having pocket money [95 %CI (AOR=2.81(2.35, 5.09)], being sexually active [95 %CI (AOR=1.82(1.25, 3.26)], parental discussion [95 %CI (AOR=2.78(1.59, 4.67)], peer education was also significantly associated with utilization of sexual and reproductive health services. Conclusions: - Over all utilization of sexual and reproductive health service among youth students in the past six months was 32%. To improve youth’s sexual and reproductive health service utilization; increasing accessibility, awareness creation at all levels as well as making the service confidential should be interventional areas.","PeriodicalId":183831,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sexual & Reproductive Health Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127912199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-08DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-578274/V1
Mulugeta Ss, Gebremichael Sg
Background: The aim of this study was to examine the determinant factors on early age sexual intercourse among rural women in Ethiopia.Methods: This study contains further analysis of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 dataset. A total of 8001 participants of under reproductive age (15–49 years) women, who had at least one set of sexual intercourse, were involved in the analysis. The binary logistic multivariable analysis result was obtained by STATA-14 software. Results: Among the rural women in Ethiopia, more than half (59.6%) of women was experienced sexual intercourse at early age. The higher proportion of experiencing early age sexual initiation among rural women was found in Amhara (18.63%) region. Age of women [(OR= 0.374;95%CI:0.301-0.465) of 20-24 years, (OR= 0.44;95%CI:0.36-0.54) of 25-49 years], geopolitical region [Amhara (OR=1.514; 95%CI:1.25–1.83), Oromia (OR=0.74; 95%CI:0.64-0.905), Somali(OR=0.47; 95% CI: 0.364-0.658), SNNPR (OR= 0.5; 95% CI: 1.13–1.81), and Dire Dawa (OR=0.68; 95% CI: 0.49-0.941)]; women age at first birth (OR=0.3; 95% CI: 0.11-0.5) of greater than 18 years old; HIV/AIDS awareness (OR=0.4; 95% CI: 0.183-1.604, had awareness); chat chewing(OR=1.23; 95% CI:1.03-1.47); willingness at first sex (OR=2.51; 95% CI: 1.22-3.8, by force); marital status [married women (OR=2.52; 95% CI:1.69-3.75); divorced/separated women(OR=2.39; 95% CI: 1.58-3.63)]; and educational attainment [secondary school and above completed (OR= 0.231; 95% CI: 0.183-0.291) and primary level of education (OR= 0.67; 95% CI: 0.06-0.76)] were examined as statistically significant factors.Conclusion: The commencement of early age sexual initiation among reproductive-age women was high. This study suggests that continued programmatic and policy initiatives should be directed to improve adolescent’s overall situation as a means of improving their sexual health.
{"title":"Determinant of Early Age Sexual Initiation: Associated Factors Among Rural Women in Ethiopia: Evidence From EDHS 2016.","authors":"Mulugeta Ss, Gebremichael Sg","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-578274/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-578274/V1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: The aim of this study was to examine the determinant factors on early age sexual intercourse among rural women in Ethiopia.Methods: This study contains further analysis of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 dataset. A total of 8001 participants of under reproductive age (15–49 years) women, who had at least one set of sexual intercourse, were involved in the analysis. The binary logistic multivariable analysis result was obtained by STATA-14 software. Results: Among the rural women in Ethiopia, more than half (59.6%) of women was experienced sexual intercourse at early age. The higher proportion of experiencing early age sexual initiation among rural women was found in Amhara (18.63%) region. Age of women [(OR= 0.374;95%CI:0.301-0.465) of 20-24 years, (OR= 0.44;95%CI:0.36-0.54) of 25-49 years], geopolitical region [Amhara (OR=1.514; 95%CI:1.25–1.83), Oromia (OR=0.74; 95%CI:0.64-0.905), Somali(OR=0.47; 95% CI: 0.364-0.658), SNNPR (OR= 0.5; 95% CI: 1.13–1.81), and Dire Dawa (OR=0.68; 95% CI: 0.49-0.941)]; women age at first birth (OR=0.3; 95% CI: 0.11-0.5) of greater than 18 years old; HIV/AIDS awareness (OR=0.4; 95% CI: 0.183-1.604, had awareness); chat chewing(OR=1.23; 95% CI:1.03-1.47); willingness at first sex (OR=2.51; 95% CI: 1.22-3.8, by force); marital status [married women (OR=2.52; 95% CI:1.69-3.75); divorced/separated women(OR=2.39; 95% CI: 1.58-3.63)]; and educational attainment [secondary school and above completed (OR= 0.231; 95% CI: 0.183-0.291) and primary level of education (OR= 0.67; 95% CI: 0.06-0.76)] were examined as statistically significant factors.Conclusion: The commencement of early age sexual initiation among reproductive-age women was high. This study suggests that continued programmatic and policy initiatives should be directed to improve adolescent’s overall situation as a means of improving their sexual health.","PeriodicalId":183831,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sexual & Reproductive Health Research","volume":"225 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123309125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-05DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-101843/v1
Amir Kabunga, M. Kenneth
BackgroundHIV/AIDS-related stigma is a global problem among HIV patients with far-reaching implications. However, stigma reduction among HIV positive young women may be a catalyst to new HIV infections. This study aimed at exploring the coping strategies used and influence of HIV-related stigma on new infections among HIV positive young women in a rural setting. MethodsA cross-sectional exploratory research design was used. HIV positive young women in the catchment area of Aboke Health Center IV were part of the study. In-depth interviews were used to collect data and analysis was done using thematic approach. ResultsThe results from the data showed that acceptance of counseling and social support are some of the ways HIV-positive young women coped up with stigma. The results also showed that While HIV-related reduction has influenced positively for some HIV positive young mothers, to others as HIV-related stigma reduces, young women living with HIV are likely to get involved in risky sexual activities like having unprotected sex thus increasing HIV transmission. ConclusionsHIV-related reduction has influenced positively for some HIV positive young mothers. However, to others as HIV-related stigma reduces, young women living with HIV are likely to get involved in risky sexual activities like having unprotected sex thus increasing HIV transmission. Based on the results, there is need to understand the negative effects HIV-related stigma reduction as this may have implications for further transmission and control of HIV pandemic. Also, further research is needed to understand whether lessening HIV-related stigma encourages risky sexual behaviors among young women.
{"title":"HIV/AIDS Stigma Reduction as a Risk Factor for New HIV Infections: A Lived Experience Study of HIV Positive Young Women in a Rural Setting of Northern Uganda","authors":"Amir Kabunga, M. Kenneth","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-101843/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-101843/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 BackgroundHIV/AIDS-related stigma is a global problem among HIV patients with far-reaching implications. However, stigma reduction among HIV positive young women may be a catalyst to new HIV infections. This study aimed at exploring the coping strategies used and influence of HIV-related stigma on new infections among HIV positive young women in a rural setting. MethodsA cross-sectional exploratory research design was used. HIV positive young women in the catchment area of Aboke Health Center IV were part of the study. In-depth interviews were used to collect data and analysis was done using thematic approach. ResultsThe results from the data showed that acceptance of counseling and social support are some of the ways HIV-positive young women coped up with stigma. The results also showed that While HIV-related reduction has influenced positively for some HIV positive young mothers, to others as HIV-related stigma reduces, young women living with HIV are likely to get involved in risky sexual activities like having unprotected sex thus increasing HIV transmission. ConclusionsHIV-related reduction has influenced positively for some HIV positive young mothers. However, to others as HIV-related stigma reduces, young women living with HIV are likely to get involved in risky sexual activities like having unprotected sex thus increasing HIV transmission. Based on the results, there is need to understand the negative effects HIV-related stigma reduction as this may have implications for further transmission and control of HIV pandemic. Also, further research is needed to understand whether lessening HIV-related stigma encourages risky sexual behaviors among young women.","PeriodicalId":183831,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Sexual & Reproductive Health Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130657686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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