Pub Date : 1999-07-01DOI: 10.1080/13675569908901577
S. Anderson, M. Browne, J. Allen
The U.K. government introduced the Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging Waste) Regulations in 1997. These regulations are intended to increase the amount of packaging waste being recovered and recycled in the U.K. which would help U.K. to meet the requirements of the European Commission Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive and leading, in turn, to a more sustainable approach to dealing with packaging waste. This paper examines the freight transport and logistics requirements resulting from these regulations. The paper attempts to quantify the effect that the regulations could have on total freight vehicle kilometers performed in transporting packaging waste. Also modelled is the extent to which reusable packaging could help mitigate the level of freight transport activity. The logistics options available to businesses in dealing with packaging waste are also discussed. The results of interviews and company case studies are used to illustrate the approaches being taken by some firms.
{"title":"LOGISTICS IMPLICATIONS OF THE UK PACKAGING WASTE REGULATIONS. IN: TRANSPORT LOGISTICS","authors":"S. Anderson, M. Browne, J. Allen","doi":"10.1080/13675569908901577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13675569908901577","url":null,"abstract":"The U.K. government introduced the Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging Waste) Regulations in 1997. These regulations are intended to increase the amount of packaging waste being recovered and recycled in the U.K. which would help U.K. to meet the requirements of the European Commission Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive and leading, in turn, to a more sustainable approach to dealing with packaging waste. This paper examines the freight transport and logistics requirements resulting from these regulations. The paper attempts to quantify the effect that the regulations could have on total freight vehicle kilometers performed in transporting packaging waste. Also modelled is the extent to which reusable packaging could help mitigate the level of freight transport activity. The logistics options available to businesses in dealing with packaging waste are also discussed. The results of interviews and company case studies are used to illustrate the approaches being taken by some firms.","PeriodicalId":183852,"journal":{"name":"Classics in Transport Analysis","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125637612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-07-01DOI: 10.1080/13675569908901576
A. McKinnon
The paper reports on a research that investigated the effects of traffic congestion on the internal workings of 7 distribution centers that handle a broad range of fast moving consumer goods. The results indicate, with two exceptions, that the warehousing operations suffered only a minor amount of disruption as a result of traffic congestion. While recognizing that a survey of only seven distribution centers is too small for a wider generalization, even substantially widening the empirical base, it would still be difficult to derive an accurate estimate of the indirect costs of congestion to logistical operations.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION ON THE EFFICIENCY OF LOGISTICAL OPERATIONS. IN: TRANSPORT LOGISTICS","authors":"A. McKinnon","doi":"10.1080/13675569908901576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13675569908901576","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reports on a research that investigated the effects of traffic congestion on the internal workings of 7 distribution centers that handle a broad range of fast moving consumer goods. The results indicate, with two exceptions, that the warehousing operations suffered only a minor amount of disruption as a result of traffic congestion. While recognizing that a survey of only seven distribution centers is too small for a wider generalization, even substantially widening the empirical base, it would still be difficult to derive an accurate estimate of the indirect costs of congestion to logistical operations.","PeriodicalId":183852,"journal":{"name":"Classics in Transport Analysis","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133603645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-11-01DOI: 10.1080/03081069808717623
Jia-Ming Cao, Wei-Hua Lin
Normally, rail transit is operated on a fixed schedule, designed based on data from typical days. In practice, however, unexpected fluctuations in passenger flow and/or in facilities may occur, making the original timetable unrealizable or non-optimal. This calls for a decision support system (DSS) capable of assisting transit operators to effectively adjust the train schedule in real-time when the operation environment changes markedly. Such a system can be made possible by the latest developments in intelligent transportation systems. As the theoretical part of an operational DSS, this paper presents an optimization model, based on information available from advanced surveillance technology, to optimize the real-time train schedule for a specific time horizon. An approximation algorithm for this model is proposed and some computational results are reported and discussed.
{"title":"OPTIMAL OPERATION FOR RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS UNDER ADVANCED INFORMATION. IN: TRANSPORT AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS","authors":"Jia-Ming Cao, Wei-Hua Lin","doi":"10.1080/03081069808717623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03081069808717623","url":null,"abstract":"Normally, rail transit is operated on a fixed schedule, designed based on data from typical days. In practice, however, unexpected fluctuations in passenger flow and/or in facilities may occur, making the original timetable unrealizable or non-optimal. This calls for a decision support system (DSS) capable of assisting transit operators to effectively adjust the train schedule in real-time when the operation environment changes markedly. Such a system can be made possible by the latest developments in intelligent transportation systems. As the theoretical part of an operational DSS, this paper presents an optimization model, based on information available from advanced surveillance technology, to optimize the real-time train schedule for a specific time horizon. An approximation algorithm for this model is proposed and some computational results are reported and discussed.","PeriodicalId":183852,"journal":{"name":"Classics in Transport Analysis","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116167528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-06-01DOI: 10.1163/156857097300151660
A. Samuelsson, B. Tilanus
This paper examines the efficiency of freight transportation. It first establishes the theoretical optimum and then analyzes the ways in which actual transportation system deviates from this ideal. A general framework efficiency model is presented, followed by a specific efficiency model for regional road-based distribution/collection link for goods moved over long distances. The paper then presents expert opinion on the current level of inefficiency, its variability, and potential improvement. The results of the study show that a theoretical starting point for an overall physical efficiency model of freight transportation can be found based on a full range of partial efficiencies. The empirical results have identified several aspects of regional less than truckload distribution/collection as having a low average efficiency and/or a high coefficient of variation, combined with a good potential for improvement; in particular business time, driving time, back haul factor, actual trip execution, floor space utilization, and actual loading execution.
{"title":"A FRAMEWORK EFFICIENCY MODEL FOR GOODS TRANSPORTATION, WITH AN APPLICATION TO REGIONAL LESS-THAN-TRUCKLOAD DISTRIBUTION. IN: TRANSPORT LOGISTICS","authors":"A. Samuelsson, B. Tilanus","doi":"10.1163/156857097300151660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/156857097300151660","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the efficiency of freight transportation. It first establishes the theoretical optimum and then analyzes the ways in which actual transportation system deviates from this ideal. A general framework efficiency model is presented, followed by a specific efficiency model for regional road-based distribution/collection link for goods moved over long distances. The paper then presents expert opinion on the current level of inefficiency, its variability, and potential improvement. The results of the study show that a theoretical starting point for an overall physical efficiency model of freight transportation can be found based on a full range of partial efficiencies. The empirical results have identified several aspects of regional less than truckload distribution/collection as having a low average efficiency and/or a high coefficient of variation, combined with a good potential for improvement; in particular business time, driving time, back haul factor, actual trip execution, floor space utilization, and actual loading execution.","PeriodicalId":183852,"journal":{"name":"Classics in Transport Analysis","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125270657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-02-01DOI: 10.1108/09600039610108575
S. Anderson, R. Jorna, C. A. Verveij
This paper describes the METAFORA project that was initiated within the second European Community DRIVE program. The project has run demonstration pilots that involve mobile data satellite communications (MDC) and electronic data interchange (EDI) in five European road haulage companies. The goal of the project was to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using Advanced Transport Telematics applications and to quantify their impact as much as possible. Special attention is paid to the needs of small and medium size haulers. This paper's focus is on the MDC trials at three companies based in Belgium, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. The paper describes the pilots, the implemented technology, the data sources and collection techniques, the evaluation methodology used, and the financial and socioeconomic cost benefit of the trials.
{"title":"SATELLITE COMMUNICATION IN ROAD FREIGHT OPERATIONS: THE METAFORA EXPERIENCE. IN: TRANSPORT LOGISTICS","authors":"S. Anderson, R. Jorna, C. A. Verveij","doi":"10.1108/09600039610108575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/09600039610108575","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the METAFORA project that was initiated within the second European Community DRIVE program. The project has run demonstration pilots that involve mobile data satellite communications (MDC) and electronic data interchange (EDI) in five European road haulage companies. The goal of the project was to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using Advanced Transport Telematics applications and to quantify their impact as much as possible. Special attention is paid to the needs of small and medium size haulers. This paper's focus is on the MDC trials at three companies based in Belgium, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. The paper describes the pilots, the implemented technology, the data sources and collection techniques, the evaluation methodology used, and the financial and socioeconomic cost benefit of the trials.","PeriodicalId":183852,"journal":{"name":"Classics in Transport Analysis","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129880342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-07-01DOI: 10.1108/09574099510805323
M. Tracey, Chong Leng Tan, M. Voderembse, E. Bardi
Just-In-Time (JIT) is a tool being utilized by manufacturers as they attempt to improve their global competitiveness. The research reported in this paper proposes a model and develops hypotheses that describe the relationships between JIT and inbound logistics practices and outcomes. Rigorous statistical techniques were used to examine those relationship and the following findings should assist manufacturing firms as they implement or contemplate implementing JIT: JIT should be considered an organizational philosophy centered on abolishing waste and creating customer value; as a result of implementing JIT, raw materials and work-in-process inventories are reduced and the management of inventory is improved; a JIT program induces positive modifications in the firm's relationships with its suppliers and transportation suppliers, and changes in transportation operations lead to improved operational performance that eventually could enhance relationships with customers; and the implementation of JIT does not induce increases in inbound logistics costs.
{"title":"A REEXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF JUST-IN-TIME ON INBOUND LOGISTICS. IN: TRANSPORT LOGISTICS","authors":"M. Tracey, Chong Leng Tan, M. Voderembse, E. Bardi","doi":"10.1108/09574099510805323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/09574099510805323","url":null,"abstract":"Just-In-Time (JIT) is a tool being utilized by manufacturers as they attempt to improve their global competitiveness. The research reported in this paper proposes a model and develops hypotheses that describe the relationships between JIT and inbound logistics practices and outcomes. Rigorous statistical techniques were used to examine those relationship and the following findings should assist manufacturing firms as they implement or contemplate implementing JIT: JIT should be considered an organizational philosophy centered on abolishing waste and creating customer value; as a result of implementing JIT, raw materials and work-in-process inventories are reduced and the management of inventory is improved; a JIT program induces positive modifications in the firm's relationships with its suppliers and transportation suppliers, and changes in transportation operations lead to improved operational performance that eventually could enhance relationships with customers; and the implementation of JIT does not induce increases in inbound logistics costs.","PeriodicalId":183852,"journal":{"name":"Classics in Transport Analysis","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116441633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study analyzes the impact of liberal bilateral agreements on some European air routes in terms of price competition and market structure. A model is proposed that explains firms' behavior and shows that, after liberalization, firms exploit their cost advantages and differentiate their products more, but market structure still depends on access to airport facilities and other ancillary services controlled by the flag carriers. These results suggest that even if liberal bilaterals have increased competition in the short run, they do not ensure a fully competitive framework in the European aviation industry.
{"title":"COMPETITION IN EUROPEAN AVIATION: PRICING POLICY AND MARKET STRUCTURE. IN: AIR TRANSPORT","authors":"Pedro L. Marin","doi":"10.2307/2950478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/2950478","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes the impact of liberal bilateral agreements on some European air routes in terms of price competition and market structure. A model is proposed that explains firms' behavior and shows that, after liberalization, firms exploit their cost advantages and differentiate their products more, but market structure still depends on access to airport facilities and other ancillary services controlled by the flag carriers. These results suggest that even if liberal bilaterals have increased competition in the short run, they do not ensure a fully competitive framework in the European aviation industry.","PeriodicalId":183852,"journal":{"name":"Classics in Transport Analysis","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114147188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-02-01DOI: 10.1108/13527619510079149
David Martín, W. Cannell, K. Gwilliam
The focus of this paper is to consider the way technology policy can contribute to the reduction of the global warming effects of transport, with particular reference to freight transport. The European Commission research and technology development (RTD) strategy considered the following areas for solutions to the problem of reducing environmental pollution from transport: improve economic cost effectiveness; bring about performance improvement; increase safety and reliability; enhance supply security, particularly for energy; and improve the environmental characteristics of the sector. Considerations for technology development include: alternative fuels, engine technology, and vehicle design.
{"title":"REDUCING THE IMPACT OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT ON GLOBAL WARMING: THE POTENTIAL OF TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS. IN: TRANSPORT LOGISTICS","authors":"David Martín, W. Cannell, K. Gwilliam","doi":"10.1108/13527619510079149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/13527619510079149","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of this paper is to consider the way technology policy can contribute to the reduction of the global warming effects of transport, with particular reference to freight transport. The European Commission research and technology development (RTD) strategy considered the following areas for solutions to the problem of reducing environmental pollution from transport: improve economic cost effectiveness; bring about performance improvement; increase safety and reliability; enhance supply security, particularly for energy; and improve the environmental characteristics of the sector. Considerations for technology development include: alternative fuels, engine technology, and vehicle design.","PeriodicalId":183852,"journal":{"name":"Classics in Transport Analysis","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129407043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-12-01DOI: 10.1108/09600039610145899
G. D'Este
This paper discusses intermodal system modeling from the perspective of intermodalism as an integrated transport service. The current intermodal modeling paradigms and implementations are reviewed and an innovative approach that encompasses the key technological and service related aspects of an intermodal system is proposed. Also addressed are some of the technical issues involved in embedding the proposed framework in a traditional network model. The paper has demonstrated that the event-based framework can be embedded into a traditional network model that can provide a valuable tool for modeling and evaluating the performance of intermodal systems.
{"title":"AN EVENT-BASED APPROACH TO MODELLING INTERMODAL FREIGHT SYSTEMS. IN: TRANSPORT LOGISTICS","authors":"G. D'Este","doi":"10.1108/09600039610145899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/09600039610145899","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses intermodal system modeling from the perspective of intermodalism as an integrated transport service. The current intermodal modeling paradigms and implementations are reviewed and an innovative approach that encompasses the key technological and service related aspects of an intermodal system is proposed. Also addressed are some of the technical issues involved in embedding the proposed framework in a traditional network model. The paper has demonstrated that the event-based framework can be embedded into a traditional network model that can provide a valuable tool for modeling and evaluating the performance of intermodal systems.","PeriodicalId":183852,"journal":{"name":"Classics in Transport Analysis","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126219019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1991-02-01DOI: 10.1108/09600039110005178
K. Rao, W. L. Grenoble
The article's goal is to provide an analytical framework to examine the interrelationship between two rapidly growing phenomena in today's business scene: highway traffic congestion and just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing/inventory management. The article provides background material on traffic congestion, then presents a modelling framework that is employed to provide some theoretical results showing the decline in logistical performance from worsening congestion. A congestion example from the Chicago are is introduced, succeeded by a hypothetical numerical example computing the effects of heightened congestion.
{"title":"MODELLING THE EFFECTS OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION ON JIT. IN: TRANSPORT LOGISTICS","authors":"K. Rao, W. L. Grenoble","doi":"10.1108/09600039110005178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/09600039110005178","url":null,"abstract":"The article's goal is to provide an analytical framework to examine the interrelationship between two rapidly growing phenomena in today's business scene: highway traffic congestion and just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing/inventory management. The article provides background material on traffic congestion, then presents a modelling framework that is employed to provide some theoretical results showing the decline in logistical performance from worsening congestion. A congestion example from the Chicago are is introduced, succeeded by a hypothetical numerical example computing the effects of heightened congestion.","PeriodicalId":183852,"journal":{"name":"Classics in Transport Analysis","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122564839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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