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Predictors of the immunochemotherapy effectiveness of atezolizumab in combination with etoposide and carboplatin in patients with advanced small cell lung cancer 阿特珠单抗与依托泊苷和卡铂联合治疗晚期小细胞肺癌患者的免疫化疗效果预测因素
Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.21518/ms2024-243
A. E. Kuzminov, T. D. Barbolina, E. Reutova, D. Yudin, V. V. Breder, K. Laktionov
Introduction. Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. For the first time in 30 years, the randomized clinical studies employing immunochemotherapy showed a significant increase in median overall survival for patients with advanced small cell lung cancer. However, no significant predictors of the immunochemotherapy effectiveness were identified.Aim. To improve long-term outcomes of treatment of patients with advanced small cell lung cancer through search for predictors of the immunochemotherapy effectiveness.Materials and methods. A total of 35 patients (11 women and 24 men) with advanced small cell lung cancer who received immunochemotherapy with atezolizumab combined with etoposide and carboplatin as first-line treatment were included in the analysis. The average age for patients was 61 years. At the immunochemotherapy baseline, 10 patients had stage IVA disease, 24 patients had stage IVB disease, and one patient had stage IIIB disease. We retrospectively assessed the prognostic impact on the median progression-free survival and overall survival of such factors as leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, lactate dehydrogenase level, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, fibrinogen level, blood type.Results. Median progression-free survival was 6.2 (95% CI 4.6–7.8) months, median overall survival was 16.0 (95% CI 9.4– 22.6) months. There was an increasing trend in median progression-free survival, but without statistically significant differences in leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, elevated fibrinogen levels and normal lactate dehydrogenase levels at the beginning of therapy. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio at the beginning of therapy had a significant impact on median progression-free survival. There was a statistically significant increase in median progression-free survival from 4.5 (95% CI 3.9–5.1) to 6.9 (95% CI 5.6–8.2) months when the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was < 3. A significant decrease in median progression-free survival – 5.0 (95% CI 3.5–6.5) months was also observed in patients with blood group B (III) vs 6.2 (95% CI 4.7–7.7) months for patients with a different blood group (p = 0.047). Factors such as leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, fibrinogen level, lactate dehydrogenase level and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio did not have a significant impact on overall survival. Patients with blood type B (III) showed significantly worse survival: median overall survival was 12.1 (95% CI 9.3–14.9) months in blood group B (III) and was not achieved in patients with other blood groups (p = 0.017).Conclusion. The significance of the identified predictors of the immunochemotherapy effectiveness in patients with advanced small cell lung cancer should be confirmed with the larger sampling size using a multivariate analysis. The study continues a recruitment of patients.
导言。肺癌仍然是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因。30 年来,采用免疫化疗的随机临床研究首次显示,晚期小细胞肺癌患者的中位总生存期显著延长。然而,免疫化疗疗效的重要预测因素尚未发现。通过寻找免疫化疗有效性的预测因素,改善晚期小细胞肺癌患者的长期治疗效果。共有35名晚期小细胞肺癌患者(11名女性和24名男性)接受了阿特珠单抗联合依托泊苷和卡铂的免疫化疗作为一线治疗。患者的平均年龄为61岁。在免疫化疗基线期,10名患者为IVA期,24名患者为IVB期,1名患者为IIIB期。我们回顾性评估了白细胞增多症、血小板增多症、乳酸脱氢酶水平、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率、纤维蛋白原水平、血型等因素对中位无进展生存期和总生存期的预后影响。无进展生存期中位数为6.2个月(95% CI为4.6-7.8个月),总生存期中位数为16.0个月(95% CI为9.4-22.6个月)。中位无进展生存期呈上升趋势,但治疗开始时白细胞增多、血小板增多、纤维蛋白原水平升高和乳酸脱氢酶水平正常的差异无统计学意义。治疗开始时的中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率对中位无进展生存期有显著影响。当中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值小于3时,中位无进展生存期从4.5个月(95% CI 3.9-5.1)增至6.9个月(95% CI 5.6-8.2),差异有统计学意义。血型为 B(III)的患者的中位无进展生存期为 5.0(95% CI 3.5-6.5)个月,而血型不同的患者的中位无进展生存期为 6.2(95% CI 4.7-7.7)个月(P = 0.047)。白细胞增多症、血小板增多症、纤维蛋白原水平、乳酸脱氢酶水平和中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率等因素对总生存期没有显著影响。B(III)血型患者的生存率明显较低:B(III)血型患者的中位总生存期为 12.1 个月(95% CI 9.3-14.9 个月),而其他血型患者的中位总生存期为 12.1 个月(95% CI 9.3-14.9 个月)(P = 0.017)。晚期小细胞肺癌患者免疫化疗疗效预测因素的重要性应通过更大的样本量和多变量分析加以证实。该研究仍在继续招募患者。
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引用次数: 0
The evolution of treatment for advanced cervical cancer: from cisplatin monotherapy to immuno-oncology combinations 晚期宫颈癌治疗的演变:从顺铂单药治疗到免疫肿瘤联合疗法
Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.21518/ms2024-245
A. Rumyantsev, A. N. Letuchikh
Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in Russia. Despite the high cure rates with local treatment approaches (eg, surgery or radiothearapy) at early stages of the disease, metastatic cervical cancer portends an unfavorable prognosis. The incidence and mortality rates over the last 10 years remain at a consistently high level. The backbone of treatment for metastatic cervical cancer is platinum-based combinations – the cytototic combination of paclitaxel and cisplatin (or carboplatin) being a standard-of-care treatment for patients with metastatic disease. However, chemotherapy alone failed to achieve satisfactory long-term treatment outcomes – the expected life expectancy with chemotherapeutic drugs rarely exceeds 12 months. One of the most fruitful directions in the treatment of metastatic cervical cancer to date is immunotherapy – in particular, pembrolizumab, a PD-1 pathway inhibitor – one of the key checkpoints of the immune response control. This review article highlights historical and recent achievements in metastatic cervical cancer treatment. It highlights the development of anticancer medications for advanced or metastatic cervical cancer, including targeted antiangiogenic therapy, immunotherapy, and the latest research data on the effectiveness of combining these classes of drugs with standard cytotoxic chemotherapy to achieve the best treatment outcomes.
宫颈癌是俄罗斯最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。尽管在疾病早期采用局部治疗(如手术或放射治疗)的治愈率很高,但转移性宫颈癌预示着不利的预后。在过去 10 年中,其发病率和死亡率一直居高不下。治疗转移性宫颈癌的主要药物是铂类复方制剂--紫杉醇和顺铂(或卡铂)的细胞复方制剂是转移性疾病患者的标准治疗药物。然而,单纯化疗并不能取得令人满意的长期治疗效果--使用化疗药物的预期寿命很少超过 12 个月。迄今为止,治疗转移性宫颈癌最有成效的方向之一是免疫疗法--特别是 Pembrolizumab,一种 PD-1 通路抑制剂--免疫反应控制的关键检查点之一。这篇综述文章重点介绍了转移性宫颈癌治疗的历史和最新成就。文章重点介绍了治疗晚期或转移性宫颈癌的抗癌药物的发展情况,包括抗血管生成靶向治疗、免疫治疗,以及将这些药物与标准细胞毒化疗相结合以达到最佳治疗效果的最新研究数据。
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引用次数: 0
New treatment options for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer with leptomeningeal metastases HER2 阳性转移性乳腺癌合并脑膜转移的新治疗方案
Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.21518/ms2024-252
A. Y. Goryainova, S. V. Sharov, O. I. Kirsanova, O. A. Goncharova, R. A. Murashko
The molecular subtype of breast cancer associated with overexpression of HER2/neu is characterized by more frequent and earlier metastasis to the central nervous system, predetermining an unfavorable prognosis for patients in this category. Patients with secondary brain damage by tumors of any location and histological structure are the most complex group of patients, demonstrating an extremely low level of quality of life, requiring special close monitoring and the development of a personal management algorithm. The development of leptomeningeal lesions doubly complicates the specialist’s task due to the severity of the clinical course and resistance to any therapeutic interventions. The emergence in practice of a new drug a conjugate of the humanized antibody immunoglobulin G1 and the topoisomerase I inhibitor, the exatecan derivative trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) as an additional therapeutic option is new hope for patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC), including those with damage to the central nervous system. This article provides an overview of the effectiveness and safety of T-DXd in registration studies, demonstrating the clinical benefit of therapy in a patient with HER2-positive (HER2+) mBC with meningeal involvement in real-world clinical practice.
与 HER2/neu 过度表达相关的乳腺癌分子亚型的特点是更频繁、更早地转移到中枢神经系统,这就决定了这类患者的预后不利。由任何部位和组织学结构的肿瘤造成继发性脑损伤的患者是最复杂的患者群体,他们的生活质量极低,需要特别严密的监测和制定个人管理算法。由于临床病程的严重性和对任何治疗干预的耐受性,脑磷脂膜病变的发展使专科医生的任务加倍复杂。人源化抗体免疫球蛋白 G1 和拓扑异构酶 I 抑制剂--埃沙替康衍生物曲妥珠单抗-德鲁替康(T-DXd)--作为一种额外的治疗选择,在实践中的出现为包括中枢神经系统受损患者在内的转移性乳腺癌(mBC)患者带来了新的希望。本文概述了T-DXd在注册研究中的有效性和安全性,展示了在实际临床实践中对一名脑膜受累的HER2阳性(HER2+)mBC患者进行治疗的临床获益。
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引用次数: 0
Ceritinib as a long-term disease control: Clinical observation Ceritinib 可长期控制病情:临床观察
Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.21518/ms2024-238
E. Reutova, K. Laktionov, M. A. Ardzinba
ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer is an excellent model demonstrating the success of precision medicine. A rare genetic disorder – a rearrangement of the anaplastic large cell lymphoma gene, occurring with a frequency of 5–7%, forms a certain clinical and morphological portrait of the patient. In ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer, the brain is a frequent target for metastasis. But despite this negative prognosis factor, it is in this cohort of non-small cell lung cancer patients that the achievements of drug antitumor therapy are especially significant – the consistent use of ALK inhibitors of several generations allows to achieve a median overall survival of about 80 months. In the Russian Federation, 4 drugs have been approved for the treatment of ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. One of them is a second–generation ALK inhibitor – ceritinib is actively used both in the first line of therapy and after progression on crizotinib. In the ASCEND-4 registration study, the median time to progression on ceritinib was twice as long as on standard polychemotherapy. However, the initial daily dose of the drug 750 mg was associated with severe gastrointestinal and hepatotoxicity. Subsequently, the dose of the drug was reduced to 450 mg, which significantly improved the tolerability of treatment without reducing its effectiveness. The clinical case presented below demonstrates the possibility of modern targeted therapy to provide long-term disease control in metastatic ALK-positive nonsmall cell lung cancer.
ALK阳性非小细胞肺癌是展示精准医疗成功的绝佳模型。一种罕见的遗传性疾病--无性大细胞淋巴瘤基因重排,发生率为5%-7%,形成了患者特定的临床和形态特征。在 ALK 阳性的非小细胞肺癌中,脑部是一个常见的转移目标。尽管预后不良,但药物抗肿瘤治疗在这类非小细胞肺癌患者中取得的成就尤为显著--持续使用几代ALK抑制剂可使患者的中位总生存期达到约80个月。在俄罗斯联邦,有 4 种药物被批准用于治疗 ALK 阳性的非小细胞肺癌。其中一种是第二代 ALK 抑制剂--色瑞替尼,目前正积极用于一线治疗和克唑替尼治疗进展后的治疗。在 ASCEND-4 登记研究中,使用 Ceritinib 的中位进展时间是标准多化疗的两倍。然而,该药的初始日剂量为750毫克,会引起严重的胃肠道和肝脏毒性。后来,药物剂量减少到 450 毫克,治疗的耐受性明显改善,疗效却没有降低。下面介绍的临床病例表明,现代靶向疗法可以长期控制转移性ALK阳性非小细胞肺癌的病情。
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引用次数: 0
Long-term outcomes of durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer in Russia 俄罗斯局部晚期非小细胞肺癌化疗后使用杜伐单抗的长期疗效
Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.21518/ms2024-241
D. Yudin, К. Laktionov, F. Moiseenko, D. М. Ponomarenko, M. V. Сhernykh, V. Chubenko, N. Levchenko, V. V. Kozlov, E. О. Stepanova, M. N. Khagazheeva, D. Yukalchuk
Introduction. The results of the PACIFIC trial have changed the standards of care for the patients with unresectable stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, many patients in our clinical practice do not meet the inclusion criteria of PACIFIC trial.Aim. To evaluate the long-term outcomes for this approach in real clinical practice in Russia.Materials and мethods. This real-world observational retrospective multicenter study analyzed clinical outcomes in 100 patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC after concurrent or sequential chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meyer method. Multivariate subgroups analysis was performed as well. The median follow-up time was 22.7 months.Results. There were 96% patients with ECOG/WHO performance status 0 or 1 in our study. Most of the patients were treated by sequential CRT (76%). Median time of durvalumab start from the end of CRT was 34 days. Patients received durvalumab for a median 10 months. The estimated median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 14.3 months (11.8–16.7, 95% CI) and 29 months (18.7–39.2, 95% CI), respectively. The estimated 1-year and 2-year rates for OS and for PFS were 90.4%, 62.8% and 59.1%, 35%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, a smoking history (HR = 0.21 (0.10–0.45; 95% CI) and concurrent CRT (HR = 0.3 (0.12–0.74; 95%CI) were associated with better PFS. The smoking history was significantly associated with a better OS (HR = 0.29 (0.10–0.76; 95% CI)) as well.Conclusions. There is a difference between the real-world outcomes for patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC in Russia and the PACIFIC trial. Sequential CRT is the most frequent treatment option for locally advanced unresectable NSCLC in Russia, and estimated OS and PFS are shorter than in the PACIFIC clinical trial. A paradigm shift in chemoradiotherapy to the concurrent and personalized approach could change the current situation.
简介PACIFIC 试验的结果改变了不可切除的 III 期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的治疗标准。然而,在我们的临床实践中,许多患者并不符合 PACIFIC 试验的纳入标准。评估这种方法在俄罗斯实际临床实践中的长期疗效。这项真实世界观察性回顾性多中心研究分析了100例不可切除的III期NSCLC患者在接受同期或序贯化疗(CRT)后的临床疗效。研究采用Kaplan-Meyer法评估了总生存期(OS)和无进展生存期(PFS)。同时还进行了多变量亚组分析。中位随访时间为22.7个月。在我们的研究中,96%的患者 ECOG/WHO 表现为 0 或 1。大多数患者接受了序贯 CRT 治疗(76%)。从CRT结束到开始使用度伐卢单抗的中位时间为34天。患者接受杜伐单抗治疗的中位时间为10个月。估计中位无进展生存期(PFS)和总生存期(OS)分别为14.3个月(11.8-16.7,95% CI)和29个月(18.7-39.2,95% CI)。估计1年和2年的OS率和PFS率分别为90.4%、62.8%和59.1%、35%。在多变量分析中,吸烟史(HR = 0.21 (0.10-0.45; 95% CI))和同时进行 CRT(HR = 0.3 (0.12-0.74; 95%CI))与较好的 PFS 相关。吸烟史也与较好的OS(HR = 0.29 (0.10-0.76; 95% CI))明显相关。俄罗斯不可切除的 III 期 NSCLC 患者的实际治疗结果与 PACIFIC 试验结果存在差异。在俄罗斯,序贯 CRT 是局部晚期不可切除 NSCLC 最常见的治疗方案,但估计的 OS 和 PFS 短于 PACIFIC 临床试验。化放疗模式向同期和个性化方法转变可能会改变目前的状况。
{"title":"Long-term outcomes of durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer in Russia","authors":"D. Yudin, К. Laktionov, F. Moiseenko, D. М. Ponomarenko, M. V. Сhernykh, V. Chubenko, N. Levchenko, V. V. Kozlov, E. О. Stepanova, M. N. Khagazheeva, D. Yukalchuk","doi":"10.21518/ms2024-241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2024-241","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The results of the PACIFIC trial have changed the standards of care for the patients with unresectable stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, many patients in our clinical practice do not meet the inclusion criteria of PACIFIC trial.Aim. To evaluate the long-term outcomes for this approach in real clinical practice in Russia.Materials and мethods. This real-world observational retrospective multicenter study analyzed clinical outcomes in 100 patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC after concurrent or sequential chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meyer method. Multivariate subgroups analysis was performed as well. The median follow-up time was 22.7 months.Results. There were 96% patients with ECOG/WHO performance status 0 or 1 in our study. Most of the patients were treated by sequential CRT (76%). Median time of durvalumab start from the end of CRT was 34 days. Patients received durvalumab for a median 10 months. The estimated median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 14.3 months (11.8–16.7, 95% CI) and 29 months (18.7–39.2, 95% CI), respectively. The estimated 1-year and 2-year rates for OS and for PFS were 90.4%, 62.8% and 59.1%, 35%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, a smoking history (HR = 0.21 (0.10–0.45; 95% CI) and concurrent CRT (HR = 0.3 (0.12–0.74; 95%CI) were associated with better PFS. The smoking history was significantly associated with a better OS (HR = 0.29 (0.10–0.76; 95% CI)) as well.Conclusions. There is a difference between the real-world outcomes for patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC in Russia and the PACIFIC trial. Sequential CRT is the most frequent treatment option for locally advanced unresectable NSCLC in Russia, and estimated OS and PFS are shorter than in the PACIFIC clinical trial. A paradigm shift in chemoradiotherapy to the concurrent and personalized approach could change the current situation.","PeriodicalId":18391,"journal":{"name":"Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council","volume":"41 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Own experience of using combination therapy in the first line of treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma 在转移性肾细胞癌的一线治疗中使用联合疗法的亲身经历
Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.21518/ms2024-233
T. V. Ustinova, A. Y. Chanaeva, A. A. Paichadze, A. Levshakova, L. V. Bolotina, V. M. Ivanykina, A. A. Fedenko
Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most common diseases in oncourology. The leading morphological variation of renal cell carcinoma today is the light-cell subtype, which is determined in 80% of cases. Despite the intensity of diagnostic methods, almost 1/3 of patients with kidney cancer have distant metastases during initial examination, which causes extremely high mortality rates from this oncopathology. Standard chemotherapy schemes with the inclusion of fluoropyrimidines and antitumor antibiotics, cytokine therapy using interleukin-2 and interferon α only slightly prolonged the life of patients, while causing pronounced toxic-anemic adverse events. The appearance of tyrosine kinase inhibitors has allowed us to obtain really significant results in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The next step in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma was the registration by the US FDA in April 2018 of a combination of immuno-oncological drugs ipilimumab and nivolumab for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Afterwards, combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors with targeted drugs were registered, which not only significantly increased the life expectancy of patients, but also reduced the incidence of adverse events of antitumor therapy. This article provides clinical examples demonstrating the effectiveness of the combination of pembrolizumab and axitinib in the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
肾细胞癌是肿瘤学中最常见的疾病之一。目前,肾细胞癌的主要形态变异是轻细胞亚型,80%的病例可确定为轻细胞亚型。尽管诊断方法日新月异,但仍有近三分之一的肾癌患者在初次检查时发现有远处转移,这导致该肿瘤病理学的死亡率极高。包括氟嘧啶类药物和抗肿瘤抗生素在内的标准化疗方案,以及使用白细胞介素-2 和干扰素 α 的细胞因子疗法只能稍微延长患者的生命,但却会引起明显的毒性-贫血不良反应。酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的出现使我们在治疗转移性肾细胞癌方面取得了真正的重大成果。肾细胞癌治疗的下一步是,2018 年 4 月,美国 FDA 注册了免疫肿瘤药物 ipilimumab 和 nivolumab 的组合,用于治疗转移性肾细胞癌。之后,免疫检查点抑制剂与靶向药物的联合用药陆续注册,不仅显著延长了患者的预期寿命,还降低了抗肿瘤治疗不良事件的发生率。本文通过临床实例展示了pembrolizumab和阿西替尼联合治疗转移性肾细胞癌患者的有效性。
{"title":"Own experience of using combination therapy in the first line of treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma","authors":"T. V. Ustinova, A. Y. Chanaeva, A. A. Paichadze, A. Levshakova, L. V. Bolotina, V. M. Ivanykina, A. A. Fedenko","doi":"10.21518/ms2024-233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2024-233","url":null,"abstract":"Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most common diseases in oncourology. The leading morphological variation of renal cell carcinoma today is the light-cell subtype, which is determined in 80% of cases. Despite the intensity of diagnostic methods, almost 1/3 of patients with kidney cancer have distant metastases during initial examination, which causes extremely high mortality rates from this oncopathology. Standard chemotherapy schemes with the inclusion of fluoropyrimidines and antitumor antibiotics, cytokine therapy using interleukin-2 and interferon α only slightly prolonged the life of patients, while causing pronounced toxic-anemic adverse events. The appearance of tyrosine kinase inhibitors has allowed us to obtain really significant results in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The next step in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma was the registration by the US FDA in April 2018 of a combination of immuno-oncological drugs ipilimumab and nivolumab for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Afterwards, combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors with targeted drugs were registered, which not only significantly increased the life expectancy of patients, but also reduced the incidence of adverse events of antitumor therapy. This article provides clinical examples demonstrating the effectiveness of the combination of pembrolizumab and axitinib in the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":18391,"journal":{"name":"Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council","volume":"54 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
miRNAs and indicators of mineral metabolism in the population of dialysis patients 透析患者群体中的 miRNA 和矿物质代谢指标
Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.21518/ms2024-302
A. R. Rind, A. M. Essaian, M. Zaraiskii
Introduction. Cardiovascular events are the leading cause of death in patients on renal replacement dialysis therapy. The vast majority of patients with CKD 5D have left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which is a predisposing factor to diastolic dysfunction, heart failure (HF), arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. In recent years, a significant role in the development of cardiovascular pathology in CKD has been attributed to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Mineral bone correction may have a beneficial effect on LVH.Aim. To evaluate the associations between indices of mineral-bone metabolism and cardiac echocardiography parameters in patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) with hemo- and peritoneal dialysis, receiving and not receiving phosphate binders.Materials and methods. The study included 75 patients, of whom 53 received treatment with program hemodialysis (HD), 22 with peritoneal dialysis (PD). The control group consisted of 28 healthy volunteers. 43 patients were treated with phosphate binders. Of all patients receiving treatment aimed at correcting hyperphosphatemia, 22 received sevelamer carbonate: 86% of patients took sevelamer carbonate at a dose of 4800 mg/day and 14% at a dose of 2400 mg/day. All biochemical parameters were determined on an automatic biochemical analyzer; FGF-23 was also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the level of intact PTH was determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Instrumental studies included echocardiography.Results. In patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVMM in the group of patients on hemodialysis 206.6 [120.0; 300.0], in the group on peritoneal dialysis 176.2 [134.0; 204.0]) the level of FGF-23 was significantly increased (p = 0.005). In the group of patients receiving sevelamer carbonate, there was a decrease in the incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy, lower levels of FGF-23 (12.4 ± 5.9), in contrast to the group that did not receive this drug (23 ± 7.3; p = 0.003 ) and PTH (110 ± 27 ng/ml, in the group that did not receive the drug – 340 ± 15; p = 0.01).Conclusions. The use of phosphate binders, in particular sevelamer carbonate, is associated with a decrease in left ventricular hypertrophy and lower levels of FGF-23.
导言。心血管事件是肾脏替代透析治疗患者死亡的主要原因。绝大多数 CKD 5D 患者都有左心室肥厚(LVH),这是导致舒张功能障碍、心力衰竭(HF)、心律失常和心脏性猝死的易感因素。近年来,钙磷平衡紊乱在慢性肾脏病心血管病变的发展过程中扮演了重要角色。矿物质骨骼矫正可能对 LVH 有益。评估接受或未接受磷酸盐结合剂的血液透析和腹膜透析肾替代治疗(RRT)患者的矿物质骨代谢指标与心脏超声心动图参数之间的关联。研究包括 75 名患者,其中 53 人接受血液透析(HD)治疗,22 人接受腹膜透析(PD)治疗。对照组由 28 名健康志愿者组成。43 名患者接受了磷酸盐结合剂治疗。在所有接受旨在纠正高磷血症治疗的患者中,22 人接受了碳酸司维拉姆治疗:86% 的患者服用的碳酸司维拉姆剂量为 4800 毫克/天,14% 的患者服用的剂量为 2400 毫克/天。所有生化指标均通过自动生化分析仪测定;FGF-23 也通过酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)测定,完整 PTH 水平通过化学发光免疫测定法测定。仪器研究包括超声心动图。左心室肥厚患者(血液透析患者组的 LVMM 为 206.6 [120.0; 300.0],腹膜透析患者组的 LVMM 为 176.2 [134.0; 204.0])的 FGF-23 水平显著升高(p = 0.005)。在接受碳酸司维拉默片治疗的患者组中,左心室肥厚的发生率有所下降,FGF-23(12.4 ± 5.9)和 PTH(110 ± 27 ng/ml,未接受该药物治疗的患者组为 340 ± 15;P = 0.01)的水平也有所降低。使用磷酸盐结合剂,特别是碳酸司维拉姆,与左心室肥厚的减轻和FGF-23水平的降低有关。
{"title":"miRNAs and indicators of mineral metabolism in the population of dialysis patients","authors":"A. R. Rind, A. M. Essaian, M. Zaraiskii","doi":"10.21518/ms2024-302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2024-302","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Cardiovascular events are the leading cause of death in patients on renal replacement dialysis therapy. The vast majority of patients with CKD 5D have left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which is a predisposing factor to diastolic dysfunction, heart failure (HF), arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. In recent years, a significant role in the development of cardiovascular pathology in CKD has been attributed to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Mineral bone correction may have a beneficial effect on LVH.Aim. To evaluate the associations between indices of mineral-bone metabolism and cardiac echocardiography parameters in patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) with hemo- and peritoneal dialysis, receiving and not receiving phosphate binders.Materials and methods. The study included 75 patients, of whom 53 received treatment with program hemodialysis (HD), 22 with peritoneal dialysis (PD). The control group consisted of 28 healthy volunteers. 43 patients were treated with phosphate binders. Of all patients receiving treatment aimed at correcting hyperphosphatemia, 22 received sevelamer carbonate: 86% of patients took sevelamer carbonate at a dose of 4800 mg/day and 14% at a dose of 2400 mg/day. All biochemical parameters were determined on an automatic biochemical analyzer; FGF-23 was also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the level of intact PTH was determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Instrumental studies included echocardiography.Results. In patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVMM in the group of patients on hemodialysis 206.6 [120.0; 300.0], in the group on peritoneal dialysis 176.2 [134.0; 204.0]) the level of FGF-23 was significantly increased (p = 0.005). In the group of patients receiving sevelamer carbonate, there was a decrease in the incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy, lower levels of FGF-23 (12.4 ± 5.9), in contrast to the group that did not receive this drug (23 ± 7.3; p = 0.003 ) and PTH (110 ± 27 ng/ml, in the group that did not receive the drug – 340 ± 15; p = 0.01).Conclusions. The use of phosphate binders, in particular sevelamer carbonate, is associated with a decrease in left ventricular hypertrophy and lower levels of FGF-23.","PeriodicalId":18391,"journal":{"name":"Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council","volume":"22 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Resolution of the Expert Council on the optimization of the patient pathway with lung cancer in the Sverdlovsk Oblast 专家委员会关于优化斯维尔德洛夫州肺癌患者治疗途径的决议
Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.21518/ms2024-223
A. I. Arzamastseva, D. L. Bentsion, R. B. Berdnikov, M. S. Elinskaya, T. V. Zaslavskaya, M. A. Zafirova, N. V. Kazantseva, A. V. Mishina, V. V. Petkau, D. S. Piskunov, M. Rudenko, G. Tsaur, K. А. Shkret, M. V. Yakovleva
.
.
{"title":"Resolution of the Expert Council on the optimization of the patient pathway with lung cancer in the Sverdlovsk Oblast","authors":"A. I. Arzamastseva, D. L. Bentsion, R. B. Berdnikov, M. S. Elinskaya, T. V. Zaslavskaya, M. A. Zafirova, N. V. Kazantseva, A. V. Mishina, V. V. Petkau, D. S. Piskunov, M. Rudenko, G. Tsaur, K. А. Shkret, M. V. Yakovleva","doi":"10.21518/ms2024-223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2024-223","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":18391,"journal":{"name":"Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council","volume":"125 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Approaches to the treatment of oligometastatic melanoma in the era of immunotargeted therapy 免疫靶向疗法时代治疗寡转移性黑色素瘤的方法
Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.21518/ms2024-236
E. V. Ledin, V. I. Stolyarov
Oligometastatic disease is a term that describes the state of a tumor between a localized tumor and a disseminated process, when all detected tumor lesions are accessible to local action. The concept of oligometastatic disease in advanced cutaneous melanoma has existed since the 1970–1980s, and the role of metastasectomy of solitary lesion is approved in the treatment strategy for this disease. However, the role of local methods before the introduction of modern systemic therapy was quite modest due to the aggressive and often primary disseminated course of the disease. The introduction of immunotherapy and modern targeted therapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma has significantly increased the number of patients meeting the criteria for oligometastatic disease with the possibility of metastasectomy. Currently, there is no clear algorithm or specific sequence for combining systemic treatment methods with surgical and other local methods. Conditional neoadjuvant immunotherapy is being actively discussed even for primary resectable melanoma metastases; this concept is based on the higher effectiveness of immunotherapy in the presence of tumor tissue in the body and already has practical confirmation from recent studies. In determining the tactics for oligometastatic melanoma, a multidisciplinary approach is extremely important, including a balanced assessment of possible local surgical options, the use of radiotherapy and mandatory systemic disease control. By successfully applying and combining these approaches, it is possible to achieve outstanding success in controlling the disease in a significant proportion of patients. This review provides an analysis of the main and most important works on systemic and surgical treatment of oligometastatic melanoma.
寡转移病是指肿瘤介于局部肿瘤和播散过程之间的一种状态,即所有检测到的肿瘤病灶均可在局部发挥作用。晚期皮肤黑色素瘤寡转移病的概念早在 20 世纪 70-80 年代就已存在,单发病灶的转移切除术在该病的治疗策略中被认可。然而,在引入现代系统疗法之前,由于该疾病的侵袭性和经常出现的原发性播散病程,局部方法的作用非常有限。免疫疗法和现代靶向疗法被引入转移性黑色素瘤的治疗后,符合寡转移疾病标准并有可能进行转移灶切除术的患者人数大幅增加。目前,还没有将全身治疗方法与手术和其他局部治疗方法相结合的明确算法或具体顺序。目前正在积极讨论有条件的新辅助免疫疗法,即使是针对可切除的原发性黑色素瘤转移灶;这一概念的依据是,在体内存在肿瘤组织的情况下,免疫疗法的疗效更高,最近的研究已经证实了这一点。在确定治疗少转移黑色素瘤的策略时,多学科方法极为重要,包括对可能的局部手术方案、放疗的使用和强制性全身疾病控制进行平衡评估。通过成功应用和结合这些方法,有可能使相当一部分患者在控制病情方面取得巨大成功。本综述分析了寡转移黑色素瘤全身治疗和手术治疗方面最重要的主要著作。
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引用次数: 0
Are there any benefits from prescribing a cardiac cytoprotector to enhance the quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease and chronic heart failure? 处方心脏细胞保护剂对提高冠心病和慢性心力衰竭患者的生活质量有好处吗?
Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.21518/ms2024-264
M. Statsenko, S. Turkina, Y. E. Lopushkova
Introduction. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, which leads to a high mortality in this category of patients. Issues regarding the prevention of the onset and progression of coronary heart disease (CHD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) in patients with T2D and/or metabolic syndrome (MS) are still not fully understood. The use of metabolic drugs with cardioprotective effects, in particular Mildronate®, is one of the possibilities to improve the effectiveness of combination treatment of CHD and CHF.Aim. To study the effect of Mildronate® on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with CHD and CHF, suffering from T2D and/or MS.Materials and methods. A total of 2.084 patients with co-occurring two (or more) disorders: obesity, type 2 diabetes, angina pectoris, CHT, and CHF were included in the INDICOR observational study conducted in real-life clinical practice settings. Group 1 received therapy with disease-modifying agents prescribed due to CHD and T2D; Group 2 received Mildronate® at a dose of 1000 mg per day in addition to the same therapy. The studied lab test results were assessed at baseline and 42 days of therapy.Results. A 42-day course of therapy in patients receiving Mildronate® at a dose of 1000 mg per day in addition to disease-modifying therapy (DMT) contributed to a percentage increase in the number of patients with CHD, FC (functional class) I angina pectoris (Δ,% + 63%, p < 0.001 ) as compared to the control group with no significant changes (Δ,% + 7%, p > 0.5). A significant increase in the number of patients with FC I CHF was recorded in Group 2 (from 23.5 to 42.1%, Δ,% + 79%) as compared to Group 1, where no significant changes were detected (22.7 to 23.7%, Δ,% + 4%). The QoL in patients with CHF based on data collected using the Minnesota Questionnaire and QoL in patients with CHD based on data collected using the Seattle Questionnaire significantly improved in the groups that received Mildronate® in addition to DMT, as compared with the group of patients who were only on DMT.Conclusion. Results from the Seattle and Minnesota questionnaires showed that the use of Mildronate® as part of combination therapy in patients with CHD and CHF, suffering from T2D and/or MS, contributed to a significant reduction in the frequency of angina attacks and lowering angina FC, CHF FC, and also enhanced the quality of life in this category of patients.
简介2 型糖尿病(T2D)增加了罹患心血管疾病的风险,导致这类患者的死亡率很高。有关预防 T2D 和/或代谢综合征(MS)患者冠心病(CHD)和慢性心力衰竭(CHF)的发生和发展的问题仍未完全明了。使用具有心脏保护作用的代谢药物,特别是米屈肼®,是提高冠心病和慢性心力衰竭综合治疗效果的可能性之一。研究米屈肼对患有T2D和/或MS的冠心病和冠心病心房颤动患者生活质量(QoL)的影响。共有 2.084 名同时患有肥胖症、2 型糖尿病、心绞痛、CHT 和慢性心力衰竭这两种(或两种以上)疾病的患者被纳入在真实临床实践环境中进行的 INDICOR 观察性研究。第一组接受因冠心病和T2D而处方的疾病调节剂治疗;第二组除接受相同的治疗外,还接受每天1000毫克剂量的米屈肼®治疗。所研究的实验室检测结果在基线和治疗42天时进行评估。与无明显变化的对照组(Δ,% + 7%,p > 0.5)相比,每天接受1000毫克剂量的米屈肼®和疾病改善疗法(DMT)的患者在42天的治疗过程中,心绞痛FC(功能分级)Ⅰ级患者的比例增加了(Δ,% + 63%,p < 0.001)。与未发现明显变化(22.7% 至 23.7%,Δ,% + 4%)的第一组相比,第二组的 FC I CHF 患者人数明显增加(从 23.5%增至 42.1%,Δ,% + 79%)。根据明尼苏达调查问卷收集的数据,与仅接受 DMT 治疗的患者组相比,除接受 DMT 治疗外,还接受 Mildronate® 治疗的 CHF 患者的 QoL 以及根据西雅图调查问卷收集的数据,CHD 患者的 QoL 均有明显改善。西雅图和明尼苏达问卷调查的结果显示,在患有T2D和/或多发性硬化症的冠心病和冠心病心房颤动患者中使用米屈肼®作为联合疗法的一部分,有助于显著减少心绞痛发作频率,降低心绞痛FC和冠心病心房颤动FC,并提高这类患者的生活质量。
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Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council
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