A. E. Kuzminov, T. D. Barbolina, E. Reutova, D. Yudin, V. V. Breder, K. Laktionov
Introduction. Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. For the first time in 30 years, the randomized clinical studies employing immunochemotherapy showed a significant increase in median overall survival for patients with advanced small cell lung cancer. However, no significant predictors of the immunochemotherapy effectiveness were identified.Aim. To improve long-term outcomes of treatment of patients with advanced small cell lung cancer through search for predictors of the immunochemotherapy effectiveness.Materials and methods. A total of 35 patients (11 women and 24 men) with advanced small cell lung cancer who received immunochemotherapy with atezolizumab combined with etoposide and carboplatin as first-line treatment were included in the analysis. The average age for patients was 61 years. At the immunochemotherapy baseline, 10 patients had stage IVA disease, 24 patients had stage IVB disease, and one patient had stage IIIB disease. We retrospectively assessed the prognostic impact on the median progression-free survival and overall survival of such factors as leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, lactate dehydrogenase level, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, fibrinogen level, blood type.Results. Median progression-free survival was 6.2 (95% CI 4.6–7.8) months, median overall survival was 16.0 (95% CI 9.4– 22.6) months. There was an increasing trend in median progression-free survival, but without statistically significant differences in leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, elevated fibrinogen levels and normal lactate dehydrogenase levels at the beginning of therapy. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio at the beginning of therapy had a significant impact on median progression-free survival. There was a statistically significant increase in median progression-free survival from 4.5 (95% CI 3.9–5.1) to 6.9 (95% CI 5.6–8.2) months when the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was < 3. A significant decrease in median progression-free survival – 5.0 (95% CI 3.5–6.5) months was also observed in patients with blood group B (III) vs 6.2 (95% CI 4.7–7.7) months for patients with a different blood group (p = 0.047). Factors such as leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, fibrinogen level, lactate dehydrogenase level and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio did not have a significant impact on overall survival. Patients with blood type B (III) showed significantly worse survival: median overall survival was 12.1 (95% CI 9.3–14.9) months in blood group B (III) and was not achieved in patients with other blood groups (p = 0.017).Conclusion. The significance of the identified predictors of the immunochemotherapy effectiveness in patients with advanced small cell lung cancer should be confirmed with the larger sampling size using a multivariate analysis. The study continues a recruitment of patients.
导言。肺癌仍然是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因。30 年来,采用免疫化疗的随机临床研究首次显示,晚期小细胞肺癌患者的中位总生存期显著延长。然而,免疫化疗疗效的重要预测因素尚未发现。通过寻找免疫化疗有效性的预测因素,改善晚期小细胞肺癌患者的长期治疗效果。共有35名晚期小细胞肺癌患者(11名女性和24名男性)接受了阿特珠单抗联合依托泊苷和卡铂的免疫化疗作为一线治疗。患者的平均年龄为61岁。在免疫化疗基线期,10名患者为IVA期,24名患者为IVB期,1名患者为IIIB期。我们回顾性评估了白细胞增多症、血小板增多症、乳酸脱氢酶水平、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率、纤维蛋白原水平、血型等因素对中位无进展生存期和总生存期的预后影响。无进展生存期中位数为6.2个月(95% CI为4.6-7.8个月),总生存期中位数为16.0个月(95% CI为9.4-22.6个月)。中位无进展生存期呈上升趋势,但治疗开始时白细胞增多、血小板增多、纤维蛋白原水平升高和乳酸脱氢酶水平正常的差异无统计学意义。治疗开始时的中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率对中位无进展生存期有显著影响。当中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值小于3时,中位无进展生存期从4.5个月(95% CI 3.9-5.1)增至6.9个月(95% CI 5.6-8.2),差异有统计学意义。血型为 B(III)的患者的中位无进展生存期为 5.0(95% CI 3.5-6.5)个月,而血型不同的患者的中位无进展生存期为 6.2(95% CI 4.7-7.7)个月(P = 0.047)。白细胞增多症、血小板增多症、纤维蛋白原水平、乳酸脱氢酶水平和中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率等因素对总生存期没有显著影响。B(III)血型患者的生存率明显较低:B(III)血型患者的中位总生存期为 12.1 个月(95% CI 9.3-14.9 个月),而其他血型患者的中位总生存期为 12.1 个月(95% CI 9.3-14.9 个月)(P = 0.017)。晚期小细胞肺癌患者免疫化疗疗效预测因素的重要性应通过更大的样本量和多变量分析加以证实。该研究仍在继续招募患者。
{"title":"Predictors of the immunochemotherapy effectiveness of atezolizumab in combination with etoposide and carboplatin in patients with advanced small cell lung cancer","authors":"A. E. Kuzminov, T. D. Barbolina, E. Reutova, D. Yudin, V. V. Breder, K. Laktionov","doi":"10.21518/ms2024-243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2024-243","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. For the first time in 30 years, the randomized clinical studies employing immunochemotherapy showed a significant increase in median overall survival for patients with advanced small cell lung cancer. However, no significant predictors of the immunochemotherapy effectiveness were identified.Aim. To improve long-term outcomes of treatment of patients with advanced small cell lung cancer through search for predictors of the immunochemotherapy effectiveness.Materials and methods. A total of 35 patients (11 women and 24 men) with advanced small cell lung cancer who received immunochemotherapy with atezolizumab combined with etoposide and carboplatin as first-line treatment were included in the analysis. The average age for patients was 61 years. At the immunochemotherapy baseline, 10 patients had stage IVA disease, 24 patients had stage IVB disease, and one patient had stage IIIB disease. We retrospectively assessed the prognostic impact on the median progression-free survival and overall survival of such factors as leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, lactate dehydrogenase level, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, fibrinogen level, blood type.Results. Median progression-free survival was 6.2 (95% CI 4.6–7.8) months, median overall survival was 16.0 (95% CI 9.4– 22.6) months. There was an increasing trend in median progression-free survival, but without statistically significant differences in leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, elevated fibrinogen levels and normal lactate dehydrogenase levels at the beginning of therapy. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio at the beginning of therapy had a significant impact on median progression-free survival. There was a statistically significant increase in median progression-free survival from 4.5 (95% CI 3.9–5.1) to 6.9 (95% CI 5.6–8.2) months when the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio was < 3. A significant decrease in median progression-free survival – 5.0 (95% CI 3.5–6.5) months was also observed in patients with blood group B (III) vs 6.2 (95% CI 4.7–7.7) months for patients with a different blood group (p = 0.047). Factors such as leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, fibrinogen level, lactate dehydrogenase level and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio did not have a significant impact on overall survival. Patients with blood type B (III) showed significantly worse survival: median overall survival was 12.1 (95% CI 9.3–14.9) months in blood group B (III) and was not achieved in patients with other blood groups (p = 0.017).Conclusion. The significance of the identified predictors of the immunochemotherapy effectiveness in patients with advanced small cell lung cancer should be confirmed with the larger sampling size using a multivariate analysis. The study continues a recruitment of patients.","PeriodicalId":18391,"journal":{"name":"Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in Russia. Despite the high cure rates with local treatment approaches (eg, surgery or radiothearapy) at early stages of the disease, metastatic cervical cancer portends an unfavorable prognosis. The incidence and mortality rates over the last 10 years remain at a consistently high level. The backbone of treatment for metastatic cervical cancer is platinum-based combinations – the cytototic combination of paclitaxel and cisplatin (or carboplatin) being a standard-of-care treatment for patients with metastatic disease. However, chemotherapy alone failed to achieve satisfactory long-term treatment outcomes – the expected life expectancy with chemotherapeutic drugs rarely exceeds 12 months. One of the most fruitful directions in the treatment of metastatic cervical cancer to date is immunotherapy – in particular, pembrolizumab, a PD-1 pathway inhibitor – one of the key checkpoints of the immune response control. This review article highlights historical and recent achievements in metastatic cervical cancer treatment. It highlights the development of anticancer medications for advanced or metastatic cervical cancer, including targeted antiangiogenic therapy, immunotherapy, and the latest research data on the effectiveness of combining these classes of drugs with standard cytotoxic chemotherapy to achieve the best treatment outcomes.
{"title":"The evolution of treatment for advanced cervical cancer: from cisplatin monotherapy to immuno-oncology combinations","authors":"A. Rumyantsev, A. N. Letuchikh","doi":"10.21518/ms2024-245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2024-245","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in Russia. Despite the high cure rates with local treatment approaches (eg, surgery or radiothearapy) at early stages of the disease, metastatic cervical cancer portends an unfavorable prognosis. The incidence and mortality rates over the last 10 years remain at a consistently high level. The backbone of treatment for metastatic cervical cancer is platinum-based combinations – the cytototic combination of paclitaxel and cisplatin (or carboplatin) being a standard-of-care treatment for patients with metastatic disease. However, chemotherapy alone failed to achieve satisfactory long-term treatment outcomes – the expected life expectancy with chemotherapeutic drugs rarely exceeds 12 months. One of the most fruitful directions in the treatment of metastatic cervical cancer to date is immunotherapy – in particular, pembrolizumab, a PD-1 pathway inhibitor – one of the key checkpoints of the immune response control. This review article highlights historical and recent achievements in metastatic cervical cancer treatment. It highlights the development of anticancer medications for advanced or metastatic cervical cancer, including targeted antiangiogenic therapy, immunotherapy, and the latest research data on the effectiveness of combining these classes of drugs with standard cytotoxic chemotherapy to achieve the best treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":18391,"journal":{"name":"Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council","volume":"44 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Y. Goryainova, S. V. Sharov, O. I. Kirsanova, O. A. Goncharova, R. A. Murashko
The molecular subtype of breast cancer associated with overexpression of HER2/neu is characterized by more frequent and earlier metastasis to the central nervous system, predetermining an unfavorable prognosis for patients in this category. Patients with secondary brain damage by tumors of any location and histological structure are the most complex group of patients, demonstrating an extremely low level of quality of life, requiring special close monitoring and the development of a personal management algorithm. The development of leptomeningeal lesions doubly complicates the specialist’s task due to the severity of the clinical course and resistance to any therapeutic interventions. The emergence in practice of a new drug a conjugate of the humanized antibody immunoglobulin G1 and the topoisomerase I inhibitor, the exatecan derivative trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) as an additional therapeutic option is new hope for patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC), including those with damage to the central nervous system. This article provides an overview of the effectiveness and safety of T-DXd in registration studies, demonstrating the clinical benefit of therapy in a patient with HER2-positive (HER2+) mBC with meningeal involvement in real-world clinical practice.
与 HER2/neu 过度表达相关的乳腺癌分子亚型的特点是更频繁、更早地转移到中枢神经系统,这就决定了这类患者的预后不利。由任何部位和组织学结构的肿瘤造成继发性脑损伤的患者是最复杂的患者群体,他们的生活质量极低,需要特别严密的监测和制定个人管理算法。由于临床病程的严重性和对任何治疗干预的耐受性,脑磷脂膜病变的发展使专科医生的任务加倍复杂。人源化抗体免疫球蛋白 G1 和拓扑异构酶 I 抑制剂--埃沙替康衍生物曲妥珠单抗-德鲁替康(T-DXd)--作为一种额外的治疗选择,在实践中的出现为包括中枢神经系统受损患者在内的转移性乳腺癌(mBC)患者带来了新的希望。本文概述了T-DXd在注册研究中的有效性和安全性,展示了在实际临床实践中对一名脑膜受累的HER2阳性(HER2+)mBC患者进行治疗的临床获益。
{"title":"New treatment options for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer with leptomeningeal metastases","authors":"A. Y. Goryainova, S. V. Sharov, O. I. Kirsanova, O. A. Goncharova, R. A. Murashko","doi":"10.21518/ms2024-252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2024-252","url":null,"abstract":"The molecular subtype of breast cancer associated with overexpression of HER2/neu is characterized by more frequent and earlier metastasis to the central nervous system, predetermining an unfavorable prognosis for patients in this category. Patients with secondary brain damage by tumors of any location and histological structure are the most complex group of patients, demonstrating an extremely low level of quality of life, requiring special close monitoring and the development of a personal management algorithm. The development of leptomeningeal lesions doubly complicates the specialist’s task due to the severity of the clinical course and resistance to any therapeutic interventions. The emergence in practice of a new drug a conjugate of the humanized antibody immunoglobulin G1 and the topoisomerase I inhibitor, the exatecan derivative trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) as an additional therapeutic option is new hope for patients with metastatic breast cancer (mBC), including those with damage to the central nervous system. This article provides an overview of the effectiveness and safety of T-DXd in registration studies, demonstrating the clinical benefit of therapy in a patient with HER2-positive (HER2+) mBC with meningeal involvement in real-world clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":18391,"journal":{"name":"Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council","volume":"77 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer is an excellent model demonstrating the success of precision medicine. A rare genetic disorder – a rearrangement of the anaplastic large cell lymphoma gene, occurring with a frequency of 5–7%, forms a certain clinical and morphological portrait of the patient. In ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer, the brain is a frequent target for metastasis. But despite this negative prognosis factor, it is in this cohort of non-small cell lung cancer patients that the achievements of drug antitumor therapy are especially significant – the consistent use of ALK inhibitors of several generations allows to achieve a median overall survival of about 80 months. In the Russian Federation, 4 drugs have been approved for the treatment of ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. One of them is a second–generation ALK inhibitor – ceritinib is actively used both in the first line of therapy and after progression on crizotinib. In the ASCEND-4 registration study, the median time to progression on ceritinib was twice as long as on standard polychemotherapy. However, the initial daily dose of the drug 750 mg was associated with severe gastrointestinal and hepatotoxicity. Subsequently, the dose of the drug was reduced to 450 mg, which significantly improved the tolerability of treatment without reducing its effectiveness. The clinical case presented below demonstrates the possibility of modern targeted therapy to provide long-term disease control in metastatic ALK-positive nonsmall cell lung cancer.
{"title":"Ceritinib as a long-term disease control: Clinical observation","authors":"E. Reutova, K. Laktionov, M. A. Ardzinba","doi":"10.21518/ms2024-238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2024-238","url":null,"abstract":"ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer is an excellent model demonstrating the success of precision medicine. A rare genetic disorder – a rearrangement of the anaplastic large cell lymphoma gene, occurring with a frequency of 5–7%, forms a certain clinical and morphological portrait of the patient. In ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer, the brain is a frequent target for metastasis. But despite this negative prognosis factor, it is in this cohort of non-small cell lung cancer patients that the achievements of drug antitumor therapy are especially significant – the consistent use of ALK inhibitors of several generations allows to achieve a median overall survival of about 80 months. In the Russian Federation, 4 drugs have been approved for the treatment of ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. One of them is a second–generation ALK inhibitor – ceritinib is actively used both in the first line of therapy and after progression on crizotinib. In the ASCEND-4 registration study, the median time to progression on ceritinib was twice as long as on standard polychemotherapy. However, the initial daily dose of the drug 750 mg was associated with severe gastrointestinal and hepatotoxicity. Subsequently, the dose of the drug was reduced to 450 mg, which significantly improved the tolerability of treatment without reducing its effectiveness. The clinical case presented below demonstrates the possibility of modern targeted therapy to provide long-term disease control in metastatic ALK-positive nonsmall cell lung cancer.","PeriodicalId":18391,"journal":{"name":"Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council","volume":"48 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Yudin, К. Laktionov, F. Moiseenko, D. М. Ponomarenko, M. V. Сhernykh, V. Chubenko, N. Levchenko, V. V. Kozlov, E. О. Stepanova, M. N. Khagazheeva, D. Yukalchuk
Introduction. The results of the PACIFIC trial have changed the standards of care for the patients with unresectable stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, many patients in our clinical practice do not meet the inclusion criteria of PACIFIC trial.Aim. To evaluate the long-term outcomes for this approach in real clinical practice in Russia.Materials and мethods. This real-world observational retrospective multicenter study analyzed clinical outcomes in 100 patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC after concurrent or sequential chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meyer method. Multivariate subgroups analysis was performed as well. The median follow-up time was 22.7 months.Results. There were 96% patients with ECOG/WHO performance status 0 or 1 in our study. Most of the patients were treated by sequential CRT (76%). Median time of durvalumab start from the end of CRT was 34 days. Patients received durvalumab for a median 10 months. The estimated median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 14.3 months (11.8–16.7, 95% CI) and 29 months (18.7–39.2, 95% CI), respectively. The estimated 1-year and 2-year rates for OS and for PFS were 90.4%, 62.8% and 59.1%, 35%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, a smoking history (HR = 0.21 (0.10–0.45; 95% CI) and concurrent CRT (HR = 0.3 (0.12–0.74; 95%CI) were associated with better PFS. The smoking history was significantly associated with a better OS (HR = 0.29 (0.10–0.76; 95% CI)) as well.Conclusions. There is a difference between the real-world outcomes for patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC in Russia and the PACIFIC trial. Sequential CRT is the most frequent treatment option for locally advanced unresectable NSCLC in Russia, and estimated OS and PFS are shorter than in the PACIFIC clinical trial. A paradigm shift in chemoradiotherapy to the concurrent and personalized approach could change the current situation.
{"title":"Long-term outcomes of durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer in Russia","authors":"D. Yudin, К. Laktionov, F. Moiseenko, D. М. Ponomarenko, M. V. Сhernykh, V. Chubenko, N. Levchenko, V. V. Kozlov, E. О. Stepanova, M. N. Khagazheeva, D. Yukalchuk","doi":"10.21518/ms2024-241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2024-241","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The results of the PACIFIC trial have changed the standards of care for the patients with unresectable stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, many patients in our clinical practice do not meet the inclusion criteria of PACIFIC trial.Aim. To evaluate the long-term outcomes for this approach in real clinical practice in Russia.Materials and мethods. This real-world observational retrospective multicenter study analyzed clinical outcomes in 100 patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC after concurrent or sequential chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meyer method. Multivariate subgroups analysis was performed as well. The median follow-up time was 22.7 months.Results. There were 96% patients with ECOG/WHO performance status 0 or 1 in our study. Most of the patients were treated by sequential CRT (76%). Median time of durvalumab start from the end of CRT was 34 days. Patients received durvalumab for a median 10 months. The estimated median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 14.3 months (11.8–16.7, 95% CI) and 29 months (18.7–39.2, 95% CI), respectively. The estimated 1-year and 2-year rates for OS and for PFS were 90.4%, 62.8% and 59.1%, 35%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, a smoking history (HR = 0.21 (0.10–0.45; 95% CI) and concurrent CRT (HR = 0.3 (0.12–0.74; 95%CI) were associated with better PFS. The smoking history was significantly associated with a better OS (HR = 0.29 (0.10–0.76; 95% CI)) as well.Conclusions. There is a difference between the real-world outcomes for patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC in Russia and the PACIFIC trial. Sequential CRT is the most frequent treatment option for locally advanced unresectable NSCLC in Russia, and estimated OS and PFS are shorter than in the PACIFIC clinical trial. A paradigm shift in chemoradiotherapy to the concurrent and personalized approach could change the current situation.","PeriodicalId":18391,"journal":{"name":"Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council","volume":"41 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. V. Ustinova, A. Y. Chanaeva, A. A. Paichadze, A. Levshakova, L. V. Bolotina, V. M. Ivanykina, A. A. Fedenko
Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most common diseases in oncourology. The leading morphological variation of renal cell carcinoma today is the light-cell subtype, which is determined in 80% of cases. Despite the intensity of diagnostic methods, almost 1/3 of patients with kidney cancer have distant metastases during initial examination, which causes extremely high mortality rates from this oncopathology. Standard chemotherapy schemes with the inclusion of fluoropyrimidines and antitumor antibiotics, cytokine therapy using interleukin-2 and interferon α only slightly prolonged the life of patients, while causing pronounced toxic-anemic adverse events. The appearance of tyrosine kinase inhibitors has allowed us to obtain really significant results in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The next step in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma was the registration by the US FDA in April 2018 of a combination of immuno-oncological drugs ipilimumab and nivolumab for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Afterwards, combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors with targeted drugs were registered, which not only significantly increased the life expectancy of patients, but also reduced the incidence of adverse events of antitumor therapy. This article provides clinical examples demonstrating the effectiveness of the combination of pembrolizumab and axitinib in the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
{"title":"Own experience of using combination therapy in the first line of treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma","authors":"T. V. Ustinova, A. Y. Chanaeva, A. A. Paichadze, A. Levshakova, L. V. Bolotina, V. M. Ivanykina, A. A. Fedenko","doi":"10.21518/ms2024-233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2024-233","url":null,"abstract":"Renal cell carcinoma is one of the most common diseases in oncourology. The leading morphological variation of renal cell carcinoma today is the light-cell subtype, which is determined in 80% of cases. Despite the intensity of diagnostic methods, almost 1/3 of patients with kidney cancer have distant metastases during initial examination, which causes extremely high mortality rates from this oncopathology. Standard chemotherapy schemes with the inclusion of fluoropyrimidines and antitumor antibiotics, cytokine therapy using interleukin-2 and interferon α only slightly prolonged the life of patients, while causing pronounced toxic-anemic adverse events. The appearance of tyrosine kinase inhibitors has allowed us to obtain really significant results in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The next step in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma was the registration by the US FDA in April 2018 of a combination of immuno-oncological drugs ipilimumab and nivolumab for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Afterwards, combinations of immune checkpoint inhibitors with targeted drugs were registered, which not only significantly increased the life expectancy of patients, but also reduced the incidence of adverse events of antitumor therapy. This article provides clinical examples demonstrating the effectiveness of the combination of pembrolizumab and axitinib in the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":18391,"journal":{"name":"Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council","volume":"54 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. Cardiovascular events are the leading cause of death in patients on renal replacement dialysis therapy. The vast majority of patients with CKD 5D have left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which is a predisposing factor to diastolic dysfunction, heart failure (HF), arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. In recent years, a significant role in the development of cardiovascular pathology in CKD has been attributed to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Mineral bone correction may have a beneficial effect on LVH.Aim. To evaluate the associations between indices of mineral-bone metabolism and cardiac echocardiography parameters in patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) with hemo- and peritoneal dialysis, receiving and not receiving phosphate binders.Materials and methods. The study included 75 patients, of whom 53 received treatment with program hemodialysis (HD), 22 with peritoneal dialysis (PD). The control group consisted of 28 healthy volunteers. 43 patients were treated with phosphate binders. Of all patients receiving treatment aimed at correcting hyperphosphatemia, 22 received sevelamer carbonate: 86% of patients took sevelamer carbonate at a dose of 4800 mg/day and 14% at a dose of 2400 mg/day. All biochemical parameters were determined on an automatic biochemical analyzer; FGF-23 was also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the level of intact PTH was determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Instrumental studies included echocardiography.Results. In patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVMM in the group of patients on hemodialysis 206.6 [120.0; 300.0], in the group on peritoneal dialysis 176.2 [134.0; 204.0]) the level of FGF-23 was significantly increased (p = 0.005). In the group of patients receiving sevelamer carbonate, there was a decrease in the incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy, lower levels of FGF-23 (12.4 ± 5.9), in contrast to the group that did not receive this drug (23 ± 7.3; p = 0.003 ) and PTH (110 ± 27 ng/ml, in the group that did not receive the drug – 340 ± 15; p = 0.01).Conclusions. The use of phosphate binders, in particular sevelamer carbonate, is associated with a decrease in left ventricular hypertrophy and lower levels of FGF-23.
{"title":"miRNAs and indicators of mineral metabolism in the population of dialysis patients","authors":"A. R. Rind, A. M. Essaian, M. Zaraiskii","doi":"10.21518/ms2024-302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2024-302","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Cardiovascular events are the leading cause of death in patients on renal replacement dialysis therapy. The vast majority of patients with CKD 5D have left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which is a predisposing factor to diastolic dysfunction, heart failure (HF), arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. In recent years, a significant role in the development of cardiovascular pathology in CKD has been attributed to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Mineral bone correction may have a beneficial effect on LVH.Aim. To evaluate the associations between indices of mineral-bone metabolism and cardiac echocardiography parameters in patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) with hemo- and peritoneal dialysis, receiving and not receiving phosphate binders.Materials and methods. The study included 75 patients, of whom 53 received treatment with program hemodialysis (HD), 22 with peritoneal dialysis (PD). The control group consisted of 28 healthy volunteers. 43 patients were treated with phosphate binders. Of all patients receiving treatment aimed at correcting hyperphosphatemia, 22 received sevelamer carbonate: 86% of patients took sevelamer carbonate at a dose of 4800 mg/day and 14% at a dose of 2400 mg/day. All biochemical parameters were determined on an automatic biochemical analyzer; FGF-23 was also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the level of intact PTH was determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Instrumental studies included echocardiography.Results. In patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVMM in the group of patients on hemodialysis 206.6 [120.0; 300.0], in the group on peritoneal dialysis 176.2 [134.0; 204.0]) the level of FGF-23 was significantly increased (p = 0.005). In the group of patients receiving sevelamer carbonate, there was a decrease in the incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy, lower levels of FGF-23 (12.4 ± 5.9), in contrast to the group that did not receive this drug (23 ± 7.3; p = 0.003 ) and PTH (110 ± 27 ng/ml, in the group that did not receive the drug – 340 ± 15; p = 0.01).Conclusions. The use of phosphate binders, in particular sevelamer carbonate, is associated with a decrease in left ventricular hypertrophy and lower levels of FGF-23.","PeriodicalId":18391,"journal":{"name":"Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council","volume":"22 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141809090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. I. Arzamastseva, D. L. Bentsion, R. B. Berdnikov, M. S. Elinskaya, T. V. Zaslavskaya, M. A. Zafirova, N. V. Kazantseva, A. V. Mishina, V. V. Petkau, D. S. Piskunov, M. Rudenko, G. Tsaur, K. А. Shkret, M. V. Yakovleva
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.
{"title":"Resolution of the Expert Council on the optimization of the patient pathway with lung cancer in the Sverdlovsk Oblast","authors":"A. I. Arzamastseva, D. L. Bentsion, R. B. Berdnikov, M. S. Elinskaya, T. V. Zaslavskaya, M. A. Zafirova, N. V. Kazantseva, A. V. Mishina, V. V. Petkau, D. S. Piskunov, M. Rudenko, G. Tsaur, K. А. Shkret, M. V. Yakovleva","doi":"10.21518/ms2024-223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2024-223","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":18391,"journal":{"name":"Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council","volume":"125 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oligometastatic disease is a term that describes the state of a tumor between a localized tumor and a disseminated process, when all detected tumor lesions are accessible to local action. The concept of oligometastatic disease in advanced cutaneous melanoma has existed since the 1970–1980s, and the role of metastasectomy of solitary lesion is approved in the treatment strategy for this disease. However, the role of local methods before the introduction of modern systemic therapy was quite modest due to the aggressive and often primary disseminated course of the disease. The introduction of immunotherapy and modern targeted therapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma has significantly increased the number of patients meeting the criteria for oligometastatic disease with the possibility of metastasectomy. Currently, there is no clear algorithm or specific sequence for combining systemic treatment methods with surgical and other local methods. Conditional neoadjuvant immunotherapy is being actively discussed even for primary resectable melanoma metastases; this concept is based on the higher effectiveness of immunotherapy in the presence of tumor tissue in the body and already has practical confirmation from recent studies. In determining the tactics for oligometastatic melanoma, a multidisciplinary approach is extremely important, including a balanced assessment of possible local surgical options, the use of radiotherapy and mandatory systemic disease control. By successfully applying and combining these approaches, it is possible to achieve outstanding success in controlling the disease in a significant proportion of patients. This review provides an analysis of the main and most important works on systemic and surgical treatment of oligometastatic melanoma.
{"title":"Approaches to the treatment of oligometastatic melanoma in the era of immunotargeted therapy","authors":"E. V. Ledin, V. I. Stolyarov","doi":"10.21518/ms2024-236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2024-236","url":null,"abstract":"Oligometastatic disease is a term that describes the state of a tumor between a localized tumor and a disseminated process, when all detected tumor lesions are accessible to local action. The concept of oligometastatic disease in advanced cutaneous melanoma has existed since the 1970–1980s, and the role of metastasectomy of solitary lesion is approved in the treatment strategy for this disease. However, the role of local methods before the introduction of modern systemic therapy was quite modest due to the aggressive and often primary disseminated course of the disease. The introduction of immunotherapy and modern targeted therapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma has significantly increased the number of patients meeting the criteria for oligometastatic disease with the possibility of metastasectomy. Currently, there is no clear algorithm or specific sequence for combining systemic treatment methods with surgical and other local methods. Conditional neoadjuvant immunotherapy is being actively discussed even for primary resectable melanoma metastases; this concept is based on the higher effectiveness of immunotherapy in the presence of tumor tissue in the body and already has practical confirmation from recent studies. In determining the tactics for oligometastatic melanoma, a multidisciplinary approach is extremely important, including a balanced assessment of possible local surgical options, the use of radiotherapy and mandatory systemic disease control. By successfully applying and combining these approaches, it is possible to achieve outstanding success in controlling the disease in a significant proportion of patients. This review provides an analysis of the main and most important works on systemic and surgical treatment of oligometastatic melanoma.","PeriodicalId":18391,"journal":{"name":"Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council","volume":"94 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141812140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, which leads to a high mortality in this category of patients. Issues regarding the prevention of the onset and progression of coronary heart disease (CHD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) in patients with T2D and/or metabolic syndrome (MS) are still not fully understood. The use of metabolic drugs with cardioprotective effects, in particular Mildronate®, is one of the possibilities to improve the effectiveness of combination treatment of CHD and CHF.Aim. To study the effect of Mildronate® on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with CHD and CHF, suffering from T2D and/or MS.Materials and methods. A total of 2.084 patients with co-occurring two (or more) disorders: obesity, type 2 diabetes, angina pectoris, CHT, and CHF were included in the INDICOR observational study conducted in real-life clinical practice settings. Group 1 received therapy with disease-modifying agents prescribed due to CHD and T2D; Group 2 received Mildronate® at a dose of 1000 mg per day in addition to the same therapy. The studied lab test results were assessed at baseline and 42 days of therapy.Results. A 42-day course of therapy in patients receiving Mildronate® at a dose of 1000 mg per day in addition to disease-modifying therapy (DMT) contributed to a percentage increase in the number of patients with CHD, FC (functional class) I angina pectoris (Δ,% + 63%, p < 0.001 ) as compared to the control group with no significant changes (Δ,% + 7%, p > 0.5). A significant increase in the number of patients with FC I CHF was recorded in Group 2 (from 23.5 to 42.1%, Δ,% + 79%) as compared to Group 1, where no significant changes were detected (22.7 to 23.7%, Δ,% + 4%). The QoL in patients with CHF based on data collected using the Minnesota Questionnaire and QoL in patients with CHD based on data collected using the Seattle Questionnaire significantly improved in the groups that received Mildronate® in addition to DMT, as compared with the group of patients who were only on DMT.Conclusion. Results from the Seattle and Minnesota questionnaires showed that the use of Mildronate® as part of combination therapy in patients with CHD and CHF, suffering from T2D and/or MS, contributed to a significant reduction in the frequency of angina attacks and lowering angina FC, CHF FC, and also enhanced the quality of life in this category of patients.
{"title":"Are there any benefits from prescribing a cardiac cytoprotector to enhance the quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease and chronic heart failure?","authors":"M. Statsenko, S. Turkina, Y. E. Lopushkova","doi":"10.21518/ms2024-264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21518/ms2024-264","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, which leads to a high mortality in this category of patients. Issues regarding the prevention of the onset and progression of coronary heart disease (CHD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) in patients with T2D and/or metabolic syndrome (MS) are still not fully understood. The use of metabolic drugs with cardioprotective effects, in particular Mildronate®, is one of the possibilities to improve the effectiveness of combination treatment of CHD and CHF.Aim. To study the effect of Mildronate® on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with CHD and CHF, suffering from T2D and/or MS.Materials and methods. A total of 2.084 patients with co-occurring two (or more) disorders: obesity, type 2 diabetes, angina pectoris, CHT, and CHF were included in the INDICOR observational study conducted in real-life clinical practice settings. Group 1 received therapy with disease-modifying agents prescribed due to CHD and T2D; Group 2 received Mildronate® at a dose of 1000 mg per day in addition to the same therapy. The studied lab test results were assessed at baseline and 42 days of therapy.Results. A 42-day course of therapy in patients receiving Mildronate® at a dose of 1000 mg per day in addition to disease-modifying therapy (DMT) contributed to a percentage increase in the number of patients with CHD, FC (functional class) I angina pectoris (Δ,% + 63%, p < 0.001 ) as compared to the control group with no significant changes (Δ,% + 7%, p > 0.5). A significant increase in the number of patients with FC I CHF was recorded in Group 2 (from 23.5 to 42.1%, Δ,% + 79%) as compared to Group 1, where no significant changes were detected (22.7 to 23.7%, Δ,% + 4%). The QoL in patients with CHF based on data collected using the Minnesota Questionnaire and QoL in patients with CHD based on data collected using the Seattle Questionnaire significantly improved in the groups that received Mildronate® in addition to DMT, as compared with the group of patients who were only on DMT.Conclusion. Results from the Seattle and Minnesota questionnaires showed that the use of Mildronate® as part of combination therapy in patients with CHD and CHF, suffering from T2D and/or MS, contributed to a significant reduction in the frequency of angina attacks and lowering angina FC, CHF FC, and also enhanced the quality of life in this category of patients.","PeriodicalId":18391,"journal":{"name":"Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council","volume":"101 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141820758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}