Metabolic syndrome and related disorders最新文献

Background: Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and its relationship with metabolic syndrome (MetS), physical activity (PA), and physical fitness in the pediatric population remain unclear. This cross-sectional study explored the mediating effect of central obesity and PA on the relationship between the TyG index and physical fitness in a pediatric population. Methods: A total of 614 Korean children (320 boys and 294 girls) aged 7-12 years participated in this study. MetS was defined as the continuous MetS risk value in the 4th quartile obtained by adding standardized scores for the syndrome components. PA was quantified using an accelerometer, and physical fitness was evaluated using composite scores for the endurance, strength, power, and flexibility domains. Results: Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the TyG index outperformed body mass index (z = 3.005, P = 0.003) and the homeostasis assessment model for insulin resistance (z = 3.543, P = 0.001) in detecting the presence of MetS. Mediation analysis revealed that while the TyG index has a direct effect on composite physical fitness scores (β = -0.3832 and SE = -2.0942, 95% confidence interval, CI = -0.7426 to -0.0239), there was an indirect effect of the TyG index on physical fitness via vigorous PA (β = -0.0802 and SE = 0.0377) and waist-to-hip ratio (β = -0.1318, SE = 0.0509). Conclusion: The TyG index has a significant impact on physical fitness in the presence of the two mediators (β = $-$0.3832, SE = -2.0942, 95% CI = -0.7426 to $-$0.0239).

Purpose: The relationship between regional fat and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains poorly understood. This study seeks to explore the link between regional fat and OSA, utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: This cross-sectional analysis used NHANES 2015-2018 data. OSA symptoms were assessed through sleep questionnaires. Regional fat mass (FM) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, including trunk, arm, leg, android, gynoid, and abdominal FM. The fat mass index (FMI) was calculated by dividing FM by the square of height. Logistic regression evaluated the association between regional FMI and OSA, with univariate and stratified analyses to identify potential effect modifiers. Results: A total of 3,099 participants were included, with 1,595 classified into the OSA group. Significant associations were found between OSA and several regional FMIs, including trunk, arm, leg, android, gynoid, and abdomen. These associations were consistent in males, and in females, leg and gynoid FMI were not linked to OSA. Stratified analyses by race revealed significant associations between OSA and regional FMI indices (trunk, arm, leg, android, gynoid, and abdominal FMI) in non-Hispanic Whites and between OSA and trunk, android, and abdominal FMI in other Hispanics. No associations were observed in the Mexican American or non-Hispanic Black groups. Stratification by body mass index (BMI) indicated distinct profiles: obese individuals (BMI ≥30) showed associations limited to trunk, arm, android, and abdominal FMIs, while nonobese participants (BMI <30) displayed broader associations encompassing all regional FMIs. Both univariate and stratified analyses highlighted abdominal FMI as the strongest predictor of OSA. Conclusion: Higher regional FMI, particularly abdominal fat, is associated with an increased risk of OSA, with stronger associations observed in male, White, and nonobese populations.

Background: The role of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in determining the effect of obesity on blood pressure (BP) in patients without diabetes remains unclear. We examined the association between body mass index (BMI), the TyG index, resting BP, and hypertension in Korean adults. Methods: We used the baseline data (4206 males and 4724 females aged 40-69 years) from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study conducted from 2001 to 2002. The primary outcomes were the TyG index, BMI, resting BP, and hypertension. The demographic characteristics, health behaviors, levels of fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance (IR) markers, lipoprotein lipids, and liver enzymes were included as covariates. Results: The TyG index was significantly associated with higher IR marker levels, poor lipoprotein-lipid profiles, elevated hepatic liver enzyme levels, elevated BP, and hypertension. Logistic regression analysis showed that individuals living with obesity had a higher risk of hypertension compared to individuals with underweight. Individuals in the second, third, and fourth quartiles of the TyG index had a higher risk of hypertension compared with those in the first quartile (odds ratio = 1). Mediation analysis showed that BMI has an indirect effect on diastolic and systolic BP through the TyG index. Conclusion: Our study findings indicate that the TyG index plays a pathological intermediary role between obesity and increased BP in individuals without diabetes, implying its clinical value in assessing the impact of obesity on hypertension risk.

Background and Aims: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a key cardiometabolic risk factor. This study evaluates the association between VAT and adiposity indices and identifies reliable predictors of increased VAT. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from 4696 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2018. VAT was measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Adiposity indices included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), lipid accumulation product, visceral adiposity index, body shape index, body roundness index, and metabolic score for visceral fat (METS-VF). Correlation analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) modeling evaluated the performance of indices and identified key predictors of VAT. Results: All adiposity indices were significantly correlated with VAT (P < 0.001). Among them, METS-VF demonstrated the highest predictive performance for increased VAT (>130 cm²) followed by WC. Optimal cutoff values for METS-VF were 7.1 [areas under the curve (AUC): 0.887, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.873-0.899] in men and 7.5 (AUC: 0.904, 95% CI: 0.891-0.916) in women. For WC, the cutoff values were 99.5 cm (AUC: 0.866, 95% CI: 0.851-0.879) in men and 96 cm (AUC: 0.883, 95% CI: 0.869-0.896) in women. MARS modeling identified race, age, WC, BMI, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides as significant predictors of VAT, achieving an R² of 75.2%. Conclusion: METS-VF demonstrated the highest predictive value among the indices evaluated for predicting increased VAT. It may serve as a valuable tool in assessing visceral obesity and associated cardiometabolic risks.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing worldwide. This is becoming a significant public health problem. In Morocco, it is estimated that 94.3% of people aged between 18 and 69 years have at least one risk factor for non-communicable diseases. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to measure the overall prevalence of MetS in the Moroccan population. This systematic review included studies published up to March 20, 2024. Data were retrieved from international databases, including EMBASE, Scopus, and MEDLINE/PubMed. Searches were conducted using the keywords "metabolic syndrome," "prevalence," and "Moroccan." The overall prevalence of MetS was calculated using a random-effects model to account for heterogeneity across studies. A total of 32 studies were conducted in Morocco, with a sample of 13 889 participants. The overall prevalence of MetS in the Moroccan population was 34.68%, with 39.66% in women and 30.51% in men. The pooled prevalence in apparently healthy individuals was 29.41%, which increased to 61.84% in patients with type 2 diabetes, 58.81% in patients with general obesity, 47.09% in patients with hypertension, and 28.29% in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. For an average age under 40 years, the pooled prevalence was 25.44%; for an average age between 40 and 50 years, the pooled prevalence was 25.52%; and for an average age of 50 years or more, the prevalence was 43.23%. The results of this study highlight the huge prevalence of MetS in the Moroccan population, with significant variations depending on the subgroups studied, diagnostic criteria used, and age group, highlighting the urgent need to develop and implement effective strategies to tackle this major public health challenge in Morocco.

Aims: We aimed to compare hematological parameters, indicators of chronic inflammation, between children with obesity and non-obesity and evaluate the relationship between these parameters and clinical findings in children with obesity. Methods: The study involved 64 children with obesity and a body mass index (BMI) exceeding two standard deviations (SDs) above the norm for their age, alongside 64 healthy children aged 9-18 years who were not suffering from any acute or chronic disease. The presence of acanthosis nigricans (AN), striae, and fatty liver disease (FLD) in children with obesity was recorded from their files. The relationship between these clinical findings and inflammatory parameters from complete blood count was evaluated. In addition, the hematological parameter results of children with non-obesity were compared with those of children with obesity. Results: The mean age of all participants was 13.3 ± 2.2 years. Eighty-one (63.3%) participants were female, and 94 patients (73.4%) were pubertal. While 37 of the patients with obesity (57.8%) had FLD and striae, the presence of AN was observed in only 34 patients (53.1%). It was found that children with obesity had higher body weight SD, height SD, BMI SD, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), red cell distribution width (RDW), erythrocyte, leukocyte, neutrophil and platelet (PLT) counts compared with children with non-obesity (P < 0.05). RDW and erythrocyte count values were higher in children with obesity and liver adiposity (P = 0.020, P = 0.012, respectively). PLR, RDW, erythrocyte, and PLT counts were high in children with obesity and AN (respectively, P = 0.043; P = 0.011; P = 0.013; P = 0.018); and mean platelet volume values were significantly lower (P = 0.026). Conclusion: Hematological parameters such as PLR and NLR can be valuable indicators for chronic inflammation in children with obesity.

Introduction: Hypoglycemia is prevalent among patients postbariatric surgery, but its clinical implications remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal associations of hypoglycemia (i.e., occurrence in the past 3 months, frequency in the past 7 days, number of severe episodes in the past 3 months, and symptoms) with depressive symptoms, quality of life (QoL), work productivity, and weight loss over an 84-month follow-up period after bariatric surgery. Methods: This secondary analysis used data from the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery-2 study. Hypoglycemia, depressive symptoms, QoL, and work productivity were self-reported. Weight was primarily based on objective measures. Linear mixed modeling with time-lagged techniques was used for analysis, adjusting for potential covariates such as age and gender. Results: Across the 84-month follow-up, 20%-30% of participants (N = 552) reported experiencing hypoglycemia in the past 3 months. Hypoglycemia occurrence was positively associated with depressive symptoms [β = 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7, 3.0] and negatively associated with physical (β = -4.2; 95% CI: -5.1, -3.3) and mental QoL (β = -3.4; 95% CI: -4.4, -2.4). These associations became stronger with increased frequency of hypoglycemia, a higher number of severe episodes, and the presence of symptoms. Additionally, hypoglycemia occurrence was associated with several domains of work productivity, including presenteeism (β = 5.8; 95% CI: 3.4, 8.2), work productivity loss (β = 5.6; 95% CI: 2.6, 8.6), and activity impairment (β = 8.8; 95% CI: 6.0, 11.6), with the strength of these associations increasing with greater hypoglycemic frequency. Conclusions: This study highlights the critical role of hypoglycemia in patients' physical and psychosocial well-being postbariatric surgery. Future studies employing more rigorous measures of hypoglycemia and expanded outcomes (e.g. cognitive function) are needed to fully understand its clinical relevance.

Background: Ischemic changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG), along with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, can be utilized to predict cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the exact association between MetS components and ECG abnormalities is not well established. This study was designed to verify this association. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on individuals aged 35-65 years as part of the population-based Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD) study. Participants were allocated into two groups based on the presence of MetS. ECGs were coded using the Minnesota coding system. The association between each MetS component and every ischemic ECG presentation was analyzed separately. Results: Among the 9,035 available ECG data, the overall prevalence of ischemic ECG presentations was significantly higher in those with MetS than in those without (P < 0.05), except for minor ischemia (P = 0.787). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that MetS was independently associated with major ischemia presentation in ECG (OR = 1.254, 95% CI 1.103-1.425, P < 0.001), but no association was found with minor ischemia after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, CVD family history, and physical activity level. Among MetS components, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly associated with ischemic ECG presentations. Elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level had a negative association with ischemic ECG presentations, while it had a significant positive association only with ST-segment elevation (OR = 1.021, 95% CI 1.011-1.031, P < 0.001). Conclusions: MetS and its components showed an association with ischemic ECG presentations, but these associations varied based on each MetS component and ischemic ECG abnormality.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clinical construct that conglomerates risk factors interconnected with cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. More than a thousand million individuals in the world were diagnosed with MetS in 2018. Objective: Our objective was to examine the prevalence of MetS and its components among Mexican adults. Methods: Data from 1733 adults aged ≥20 years who participated in the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2021. Sociodemographic, and clinical factors were gathered and analyzed. To define MetS, we used the harmonized diagnosis criteria. Results: The prevalence of MetS in Mexican adults was 45.3% (43.7% in men and 46.8% in women). This was mainly driven by increased abdominal obesity (AO) 79.8% and dyslipidemia (low high-density lipoprotein [HDL]-cholesterol and hypertriglyceridemia) 77.1%. The proportion of subjects with a least one MetS component was 90.5% and with any combination of two components was 25.2% and for three was 28.9%. The most frequent combination of MetS components was the cluster of AO, low HDL-cholesterol, and hypertriglyceridemia (15.6%). Conclusions: A high prevalence of MetS was registered in Mexico in 2021. Women and adults aged 40 years or older were the groups with the highest prevalence of MetS and its components. The health system in Mexico must promote strategies for the prevention and control of MetS and its components in adults.

Objective: To investigate the cross-sectional association between skeletal muscle mass and lifestyles including exercise, mealtime, and sleep habits in adult men aged under 64. Materials and Methods: A total of 101 Japanese men aged under 64 who underwent "Anti-aging Health Checkups" were enrolled in the study. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using the subjects' data such as body mass index, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and self-reported lifestyle information. The physical activity (PA) value of habitual exercise per week (metabolic equivalent hr/week) was categorized into three groups. Mealtime combination of breakfast and dinner time was categorized into five groups. A multiple regression analysis demonstrated how each PA group has an association with SMI. Moreover, an analysis of covariance was performed to investigate the association between "mealtime combined with PA" and SMI levels by comparison and to investigate the association between "sleep duration or satisfaction combined with PA" and SMI levels, respectively. Results: The subjects with "breakfast before 8 a.m." had a significant positive association between SMI and PA levels; in addition, among the subjects from the "dinner before 8 p.m." group, as the PA level was higher, the SMI level increased. Consequently, the SMI level increased as the PA level was higher among the subjects who had "breakfast before 8 a.m. and dinner before 8 p.m." Furthermore, sufficient sleep such as more than 6 hr and satisfied sleep had positive associations with SMI as PA levels increased. Conclusion: These findings suggest a potential benefit of habitual exercise with breakfast before 8 a.m., dinner before 8 p.m., and sufficient sleep for maintaining skeletal muscle mass among middle-aged men.