Pub Date : 2019-07-26DOI: 10.4337/9781788975209.00011
K. Linnerud, E. Holden, G. Gilpin, M. Simonsen
{"title":"A normative model of sustainable development: how do countries comply?","authors":"K. Linnerud, E. Holden, G. Gilpin, M. Simonsen","doi":"10.4337/9781788975209.00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788975209.00011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184153,"journal":{"name":"What Next for Sustainable Development?","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123284504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-26DOI: 10.4337/9781788975209.00018
I. Gough
This chapter starts from the claim that green growth, or raising eco-efficiency, will not suffice to curb dangerous climate change for two reasons: it cannot succeed alone in reducing the cumulative stock of greenhouse gases fast enough and it pays little or no attention to issues of fairness and justice. The author reverts to the concept of common human needs which he argues provides the crucial foundation for a just transition to a sustainable low-carbon world. The chapter distinguishes three broad strategies within rich countries to limit climate change in a just way: fair eco-efficiency, fair sustainable consumption, and fair de-growth. The chapter then discusses inequality and reflects on the influence of the rising income and wealth inequality on the distribution of consumption-based emissions between and within countries—a phenomenon some have labelled the Plutocene. The chapter makes the case for ‘recomposing consumption’ by returning to need theory. Necessities can be distinguished from luxuries and this enables us to envisage and target a fair ‘consumption corridor’ between minimum and maximum consumption levels. Achieving this in a democratic society will require new forms of deliberative citizen forums calling upon expert advice. Three further eco-social policies are advocated to shift rich countries towards more sustainable consumption practices.
{"title":"Necessities and luxuries: how to combine redistribution with sustainable consumption","authors":"I. Gough","doi":"10.4337/9781788975209.00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788975209.00018","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter starts from the claim that green growth, or raising eco-efficiency, will not suffice to curb dangerous climate change for two reasons: it cannot succeed alone in reducing the cumulative stock of greenhouse gases fast enough and it pays little or no attention to issues of fairness and justice. The author reverts to the concept of common human needs which he argues provides the crucial foundation for a just transition to a sustainable low-carbon world. The chapter distinguishes three broad strategies within rich countries to limit climate change in a just way: fair eco-efficiency, fair sustainable consumption, and fair de-growth. The chapter then discusses inequality and reflects on the influence of the rising income and wealth inequality on the distribution of consumption-based emissions between and within countries—a phenomenon some have labelled the Plutocene. The chapter makes the case for ‘recomposing consumption’ by returning to need theory. Necessities can be distinguished from luxuries and this enables us to envisage and target a fair ‘consumption corridor’ between minimum and maximum consumption levels. Achieving this in a democratic society will require new forms of deliberative citizen forums calling upon expert advice. Three further eco-social policies are advocated to shift rich countries towards more sustainable consumption practices.","PeriodicalId":184153,"journal":{"name":"What Next for Sustainable Development?","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115765558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-26DOI: 10.4337/9781788975209.00028
D. Banister, E. Holden, O. Langhelle, K. Linnerud, J. Meadowcroft, G. Gilpin
{"title":"What Next for Sustainable Development?","authors":"D. Banister, E. Holden, O. Langhelle, K. Linnerud, J. Meadowcroft, G. Gilpin","doi":"10.4337/9781788975209.00028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788975209.00028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184153,"journal":{"name":"What Next for Sustainable Development?","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115988516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-26DOI: 10.4337/9781788975209.00027
D. Banister
{"title":"A future for sustainable development?","authors":"D. Banister","doi":"10.4337/9781788975209.00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788975209.00027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184153,"journal":{"name":"What Next for Sustainable Development?","volume":"235 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132112315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-04-01DOI: 10.4337/9781788975209.00025
Stanley Zarowin
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * DON'T BE QUICK TO UPGRADE to the hot new technology. Those who rush to be at the forefront often pay a high price because the newest and hottest technology is usually the most expensive and the most vulnerable to initial design errors. * AVOID GETTING LURED into buying the fastest new computers. Unless you use special applications or very large databases that need uniquely fast speeds, those economy-priced 500 megahertz (MHz) machines perform well enough. * DESKTOP COMPUTERS ARE LOSING their power and price advantages over portables. As desktops wear out, consider laptops as replacements. * MICROSOFT'S RECENTLY RELEASED Windows 2000 family of operating systems is robust and worth upgrading to. Keep your eye on Linux, though; it may replace Windows. * THE NEXT "BIG THING" ARE ASPs (application service providers), which rent application software and provide it through the Internet. * WE RAVE FINALLY REACHED A POINT where CPAs--or any small business, for that matter--no longer need a physical office to run their business. They can just plug in via the Internet. In fact, those who wish to maintain a physical office don't have to bother installing wires to set up a local area network to link the firm's computers; those connections, too, can be made via the Internet. * JUST BECAUSE TECHNOLOGY IS GALLOPING AHEAD, that doesn't mean you have to keep pace each step of the way. You do have to keep monitoring it, seeing how you can benefit from each new advance. But unless you have sufficient resources--and the stomach--to accept "bleeding edge" failures, it's best to upgrade only when an advance has proven itself technologically and its adaptation is clearly cost-effective. Are you ready for tomorrow's technology? Do you have the latest, fastest hardware and software? Is your network software the most current? Are you heeding the advice of your technology consultants and keeping tabs on upgrades and innovations? In short, are you making sure you won't be caught flatfooted, as were many CPAs in the late 1980s and early 1990s when computers, fax machines and then the Internet invaded and transformed the business world? If you've answered yes to these questions and you feel confident that you're ready for the future, pause a minute to consider the experience of Charles Duell, who, as the director of the U.S. Patent Office at the dawn of the 20th century, considered himself to be in the best position to assess the future of technology. He looked ahead and confidently prophesized that "everything that can be invented has been invented." Oops! What makes his error interesting and the reason CPAs today should consider it carefully is not so much that he was wrong but why he was wrong. He committed the same error then that many people who plan for future technology commit today: He viewed tomorrow as an extension--or more correctly, as an extrapolation--of today. He failed to acknowledge a basic and essential truth: The future ain't what it used
{"title":"Facing the Future","authors":"Stanley Zarowin","doi":"10.4337/9781788975209.00025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788975209.00025","url":null,"abstract":"EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * DON'T BE QUICK TO UPGRADE to the hot new technology. Those who rush to be at the forefront often pay a high price because the newest and hottest technology is usually the most expensive and the most vulnerable to initial design errors. * AVOID GETTING LURED into buying the fastest new computers. Unless you use special applications or very large databases that need uniquely fast speeds, those economy-priced 500 megahertz (MHz) machines perform well enough. * DESKTOP COMPUTERS ARE LOSING their power and price advantages over portables. As desktops wear out, consider laptops as replacements. * MICROSOFT'S RECENTLY RELEASED Windows 2000 family of operating systems is robust and worth upgrading to. Keep your eye on Linux, though; it may replace Windows. * THE NEXT \"BIG THING\" ARE ASPs (application service providers), which rent application software and provide it through the Internet. * WE RAVE FINALLY REACHED A POINT where CPAs--or any small business, for that matter--no longer need a physical office to run their business. They can just plug in via the Internet. In fact, those who wish to maintain a physical office don't have to bother installing wires to set up a local area network to link the firm's computers; those connections, too, can be made via the Internet. * JUST BECAUSE TECHNOLOGY IS GALLOPING AHEAD, that doesn't mean you have to keep pace each step of the way. You do have to keep monitoring it, seeing how you can benefit from each new advance. But unless you have sufficient resources--and the stomach--to accept \"bleeding edge\" failures, it's best to upgrade only when an advance has proven itself technologically and its adaptation is clearly cost-effective. Are you ready for tomorrow's technology? Do you have the latest, fastest hardware and software? Is your network software the most current? Are you heeding the advice of your technology consultants and keeping tabs on upgrades and innovations? In short, are you making sure you won't be caught flatfooted, as were many CPAs in the late 1980s and early 1990s when computers, fax machines and then the Internet invaded and transformed the business world? If you've answered yes to these questions and you feel confident that you're ready for the future, pause a minute to consider the experience of Charles Duell, who, as the director of the U.S. Patent Office at the dawn of the 20th century, considered himself to be in the best position to assess the future of technology. He looked ahead and confidently prophesized that \"everything that can be invented has been invented.\" Oops! What makes his error interesting and the reason CPAs today should consider it carefully is not so much that he was wrong but why he was wrong. He committed the same error then that many people who plan for future technology commit today: He viewed tomorrow as an extension--or more correctly, as an extrapolation--of today. He failed to acknowledge a basic and essential truth: The future ain't what it used","PeriodicalId":184153,"journal":{"name":"What Next for Sustainable Development?","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133225481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4337/9781788975209.00020
C. Hsu
This research, which examines the cultural transition of international students in a globalized society, provides current information, of particular value to professionals in the field of adult education, including researchers, instructors, and administrators in formal or informal adult educational institutions.This research is timely because U.S. universities serve an ever-growing population of international and immigrant learners from diverse cultures and backgrounds. This causes difficulties for both learners and American instructors and administrators, who are faced with learners whose strengths and weaknesses may differ drastically from educators' experiences. With updated information, more effective services can be provided for international students. As an example, knowing that face-to-face instruction can be very stressful for international students; adult educators could attempt to offer more hybrid classes, wherein part of the interaction takes place online, which may be a less stressful environment for international learners.
{"title":"Transitions and Transformation","authors":"C. Hsu","doi":"10.4337/9781788975209.00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788975209.00020","url":null,"abstract":"This research, which examines the cultural transition of international students in a globalized society, provides current information, of particular value to professionals in the field of adult education, including researchers, instructors, and administrators in formal or informal adult educational institutions.This research is timely because U.S. universities serve an ever-growing population of international and immigrant learners from diverse cultures and backgrounds. This causes difficulties for both learners and American instructors and administrators, who are faced with learners whose strengths and weaknesses may differ drastically from educators' experiences. With updated information, more effective services can be provided for international students. As an example, knowing that face-to-face instruction can be very stressful for international students; adult educators could attempt to offer more hybrid classes, wherein part of the interaction takes place online, which may be a less stressful environment for international learners.","PeriodicalId":184153,"journal":{"name":"What Next for Sustainable Development?","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125252914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4337/9781788975209.00021
Felix Rauschmayer
{"title":"The transition to sustainability as interbeing . . . or: from oncology to ontology","authors":"Felix Rauschmayer","doi":"10.4337/9781788975209.00021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788975209.00021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184153,"journal":{"name":"What Next for Sustainable Development?","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129744227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4337/9781788975209.00012
{"title":"Negotiating Environmental Limits","authors":"","doi":"10.4337/9781788975209.00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788975209.00012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":184153,"journal":{"name":"What Next for Sustainable Development?","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125531793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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