Pub Date : 2007-03-09DOI: 10.1027/1614-2241.3.1.24
M. Höfler, T. Brückl, A. Bittner, R. Lieb
In a recent paper, a new type of graph to visualize the results from graphical models was proposed. Association chain graphs (ACGs) provide a richer visualization than conventional graphs (directed acyclic and recursive regression graphs) if the data can be described with only a small number of parameters. ACGs display not only which associations reach statistical significance, but also the magnitude of associations (confidence intervals for statistical main effects) as the contrast color to the background color of the graph. In this paper, the ACG visualization is extended especially for the case where all variables are binary by illustrating their relative frequencies. This shows the degrees of associations not only on the individual (as expressed by odds ratios or other indexes of association) but also on the community level. We applied the approach to an extensive example of birth and childhood factors for the onset of affective mental disorders using data from the EDSP (Early Developmental Stages of ...
{"title":"Visualizing Multivariate Dependencies with Association Chain Graphs","authors":"M. Höfler, T. Brückl, A. Bittner, R. Lieb","doi":"10.1027/1614-2241.3.1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.3.1.24","url":null,"abstract":"In a recent paper, a new type of graph to visualize the results from graphical models was proposed. Association chain graphs (ACGs) provide a richer visualization than conventional graphs (directed acyclic and recursive regression graphs) if the data can be described with only a small number of parameters. ACGs display not only which associations reach statistical significance, but also the magnitude of associations (confidence intervals for statistical main effects) as the contrast color to the background color of the graph. In this paper, the ACG visualization is extended especially for the case where all variables are binary by illustrating their relative frequencies. This shows the degrees of associations not only on the individual (as expressed by odds ratios or other indexes of association) but also on the community level. We applied the approach to an extensive example of birth and childhood factors for the onset of affective mental disorders using data from the EDSP (Early Developmental Stages of ...","PeriodicalId":18476,"journal":{"name":"Methodology: European Journal of Research Methods for The Behavioral and Social Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"24-34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2007-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57292307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-10-16DOI: 10.1027/1614-2241.2.3.100
Jost Reinecke
This article presents applications of different growth mixture models considering unobserved heterogeneity within the framework of Mplus (Muthen & Muthen, 2001a, 2001b, 2004). Latent class growth mixture models are discussed under special consideration of count variables that can be incorporated into the mixtures via the Poisson and the zero-inflated Poisson model. Fourwave panel data from a German criminological youth study (Boers et al., 2002) is used for the model analyses. Three classes can be obtained from the data: Adolescents with almost no deviant and delinquent activities, a medium proportion of adolescents with a low increase of delinquency, and a small number with a larger growth starting on a higher level. Considering the zero inflation of the data results in better model fits compared to the Poisson model only. Linear growth specifications are almost sufficient. The conditional application of the mixture models includes gender and educational level of the schools as time-independent predictor...
本文介绍了在Mplus框架内考虑未观察到的异质性的不同生长混合模型的应用(Muthen & Muthen, 2001a, 2001b, 2004)。在特别考虑可以通过泊松模型和零膨胀泊松模型纳入混合模型的计数变量的情况下，讨论了潜在类生长混合模型。来自德国犯罪学青年研究(Boers et al.， 2002)的四波面板数据被用于模型分析。从数据中可以得出三个类别:几乎没有越轨和犯罪活动的青少年，中等比例的青少年犯罪增长率低，少数青少年从更高的层次开始增长较大。与泊松模型相比，考虑数据的零膨胀可以得到更好的模型拟合。线性增长规格几乎就足够了。混合模型的条件应用包括学校性别和教育水平作为时间无关的预测因子。
{"title":"Longitudinal Analysis of Adolescents Deviant and Delinquent Behavior: Applications of Latent Class","authors":"Jost Reinecke","doi":"10.1027/1614-2241.2.3.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.2.3.100","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents applications of different growth mixture models considering unobserved heterogeneity within the framework of Mplus (Muthen & Muthen, 2001a, 2001b, 2004). Latent class growth mixture models are discussed under special consideration of count variables that can be incorporated into the mixtures via the Poisson and the zero-inflated Poisson model. Fourwave panel data from a German criminological youth study (Boers et al., 2002) is used for the model analyses. Three classes can be obtained from the data: Adolescents with almost no deviant and delinquent activities, a medium proportion of adolescents with a low increase of delinquency, and a small number with a larger growth starting on a higher level. Considering the zero inflation of the data results in better model fits compared to the Poisson model only. Linear growth specifications are almost sufficient. The conditional application of the mixture models includes gender and educational level of the schools as time-independent predictor...","PeriodicalId":18476,"journal":{"name":"Methodology: European Journal of Research Methods for The Behavioral and Social Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2006-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57292239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-10-03DOI: 10.1027/1614-2241.2.3.124
E. Davidov, Kajsa Yang-Hansen, J. Gustafsson, P. Schmidt, S. Bamberg
In the present article we apply a growth mixture model using Mplus via STREAMS to delineate the mechanism underlying travel-mode choice. Three waves of an experimental field study conducted in Frankfurt Main, Germany, are applied for the statistical analysis. Five major questions are addressed: (1) whether the choice of public transport rather than the car changes over time; (2) whether a soft policy intervention to change travel mode choice has any effect on the travel-mode chosen; (3) whether one can identify different groups of people regarding the importance allocated to monetary and time considerations for the decision of which travel mode to use; (4) whether the different subgroups of people have different initial states and rates of change in their travel-model choices; (5) whether sociodemographic variables have an additional effect on the latent class variables and on the changes in travel-mode choice over time. We also found that choice of public transportation in our study is stable over time. ...
{"title":"Does Money Matter? A Theory-Driven Growth Mixture Model to Explain Travel-Mode Choice with Experimental Data","authors":"E. Davidov, Kajsa Yang-Hansen, J. Gustafsson, P. Schmidt, S. Bamberg","doi":"10.1027/1614-2241.2.3.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.2.3.124","url":null,"abstract":"In the present article we apply a growth mixture model using Mplus via STREAMS to delineate the mechanism underlying travel-mode choice. Three waves of an experimental field study conducted in Frankfurt Main, Germany, are applied for the statistical analysis. Five major questions are addressed: (1) whether the choice of public transport rather than the car changes over time; (2) whether a soft policy intervention to change travel mode choice has any effect on the travel-mode chosen; (3) whether one can identify different groups of people regarding the importance allocated to monetary and time considerations for the decision of which travel mode to use; (4) whether the different subgroups of people have different initial states and rates of change in their travel-model choices; (5) whether sociodemographic variables have an additional effect on the latent class variables and on the changes in travel-mode choice over time. We also found that choice of public transportation in our study is stable over time. ...","PeriodicalId":18476,"journal":{"name":"Methodology: European Journal of Research Methods for The Behavioral and Social Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"124-134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2006-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57292250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-10-03DOI: 10.1027/1614-2241.2.3.86
Petra Stein
A central topic of empirical social research is the problem of unobserved heterogeneity. To solve this problem at least partially, a statistical model is presented: the finite mixture of conditional mean and covariance structure models. In this approach, the expected values in each component of a mixture may depend on normally or nonnormally distributed regressor variables. The expected value and the covariance matrix in each component of the mixture are parameterized using conditional mean and covariance structure models. Three different procedures for estimating the parameters of these models are briefly discussed. The model and the estimation procedures are applied to data of the German General Social Survey 1998 to identify heterogenous types of life style. Since different regression models with latent variables may be used for each type, it is not only possible to cover different types of life style, but also different types of relationships between life style dimensions and the influences of sociode...
{"title":"Mixture of Covariance Structure Models to Identify Different Types of Life Style","authors":"Petra Stein","doi":"10.1027/1614-2241.2.3.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.2.3.86","url":null,"abstract":"A central topic of empirical social research is the problem of unobserved heterogeneity. To solve this problem at least partially, a statistical model is presented: the finite mixture of conditional mean and covariance structure models. In this approach, the expected values in each component of a mixture may depend on normally or nonnormally distributed regressor variables. The expected value and the covariance matrix in each component of the mixture are parameterized using conditional mean and covariance structure models. Three different procedures for estimating the parameters of these models are briefly discussed. The model and the estimation procedures are applied to data of the German General Social Survey 1998 to identify heterogenous types of life style. Since different regression models with latent variables may be used for each type, it is not only possible to cover different types of life style, but also different types of relationships between life style dimensions and the influences of sociode...","PeriodicalId":18476,"journal":{"name":"Methodology: European Journal of Research Methods for The Behavioral and Social Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"86-99"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2006-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57292294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Special Issue: “Social Network Analysis”","authors":"J. Vermunt, M. Duijn","doi":"10.1027/1614-2241.2.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.2.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18476,"journal":{"name":"Methodology: European Journal of Research Methods for The Behavioral and Social Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1027/1614-2241.2.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57292547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1027/1614-2241.2.2.57
U. Lorenzo-Seva, J. F. Berge
When Tucker's congruence coefficient is used to assess the similarity of factor interpretations, it is desirable to have a critical congruence level less than unity that can be regarded as indicative of identity of the factors. The literature only reports rules of thumb. The present article repeats and broadens the approach used in the study by Haven and ten Berge (1977). It aims to find a critical congruence level on the basis of judgments of factor similarity by practitioners of factor analysis. Our results suggest that a value in the range .85-.94 corresponds to a fair similarity, while a value higher than .95 implies that the two factors or components compared can be considered equal.
{"title":"Tucker's congruence coefficient as a meaningful index of factor similarity.","authors":"U. Lorenzo-Seva, J. F. Berge","doi":"10.1027/1614-2241.2.2.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.2.2.57","url":null,"abstract":"When Tucker's congruence coefficient is used to assess the similarity of factor interpretations, it is desirable to have a critical congruence level less than unity that can be regarded as indicative of identity of the factors. The literature only reports rules of thumb. The present article repeats and broadens the approach used in the study by Haven and ten Berge (1977). It aims to find a critical congruence level on the basis of judgments of factor similarity by practitioners of factor analysis. Our results suggest that a value in the range .85-.94 corresponds to a fair similarity, while a value higher than .95 implies that the two factors or components compared can be considered equal.","PeriodicalId":18476,"journal":{"name":"Methodology: European Journal of Research Methods for The Behavioral and Social Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"57-64"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1027/1614-2241.2.2.57","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57292678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although ego-centered network data provide information that is limited in various ways as compared with full network data, an ego-centered design can be used without the need for a priori and researcher-defined network borders. Moreover, ego-centered network data can be obtained with traditional survey methods. However, due to the dynamic structure of the questionnaires involved, a great effort is required on the part of either respondents (with self-administration) or interviewers (with face-to-face interviews). As an alternative, we will show the advantages of using CASI (computer-assisted self-administered interview) methods for the collection of ego-centered network data as applied in a study on the role of social networks in substance use among college students.
{"title":"Collection of ego-centered network data with computer-assisted interviews.","authors":"J. Gerich, Roland Lehner","doi":"10.1027/1614-2241.2.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.2.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Although ego-centered network data provide information that is limited in various ways as compared with full network data, an ego-centered design can be used without the need for a priori and researcher-defined network borders. Moreover, ego-centered network data can be obtained with traditional survey methods. However, due to the dynamic structure of the questionnaires involved, a great effort is required on the part of either respondents (with self-administration) or interviewers (with face-to-face interviews). As an alternative, we will show the advantages of using CASI (computer-assisted self-administered interview) methods for the collection of ego-centered network data as applied in a study on the role of social networks in substance use among college students.","PeriodicalId":18476,"journal":{"name":"Methodology: European Journal of Research Methods for The Behavioral and Social Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"7-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57292660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a short introduction on social network analysis, the main characteristics of social network data as well as the main goals of social network analysis are described. An overview of statistical models for social network data is given, pointing at differences and similarities between the various model classes and introducing the most recent developments in social network modeling.
{"title":"What is special about social network analysis","authors":"V. Duijn, J. Vermunt","doi":"10.1027/1614-2241.2.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.2.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"In a short introduction on social network analysis, the main characteristics of social network data as well as the main goals of social network analysis are described. An overview of statistical models for social network data is given, pointing at differences and similarities between the various model classes and introducing the most recent developments in social network modeling.","PeriodicalId":18476,"journal":{"name":"Methodology: European Journal of Research Methods for The Behavioral and Social Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"2-6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1027/1614-2241.2.1.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57292602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1027/1614-2241.2.2.73
Barbara Schober, Petra Wagner, Ralph Reimann, Moira Atria, C. Spiel
This article gives a survey of a blended learning approach called Vienna E-Lecturing (VEL), implemented in the course Research Methods and Evaluation, which is required by the psychology program at the University of Vienna, Austria. VEL replaces a main lecture and has been designed to teach methodological issues more effectively as well as to strengthen students' learning competences in this field. The program's conceptualization is based on instructional and motivational findings yielding the program's two main teaching principles: (1) networking and (2) optimal instructions. The Internet-based course lasts two semesters and is composed of 10 online learning modules and 11 face-to-face meetings (including tutorials). The modules, which are available successively via a learning platform, systematically instruct students to learn more effectively by cooperating and fulfilling different tasks within small groups. The current article describes the program's principles and theoretical background and outlines ...
{"title":"Teaching Research Methods in an Internet-Based Blended-Learning Setting: Vienna E-Lecturing (VEL)","authors":"Barbara Schober, Petra Wagner, Ralph Reimann, Moira Atria, C. Spiel","doi":"10.1027/1614-2241.2.2.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.2.2.73","url":null,"abstract":"This article gives a survey of a blended learning approach called Vienna E-Lecturing (VEL), implemented in the course Research Methods and Evaluation, which is required by the psychology program at the University of Vienna, Austria. VEL replaces a main lecture and has been designed to teach methodological issues more effectively as well as to strengthen students' learning competences in this field. The program's conceptualization is based on instructional and motivational findings yielding the program's two main teaching principles: (1) networking and (2) optimal instructions. The Internet-based course lasts two semesters and is composed of 10 online learning modules and 11 face-to-face meetings (including tutorials). The modules, which are available successively via a learning platform, systematically instruct students to learn more effectively by cooperating and fulfilling different tasks within small groups. The current article describes the program's principles and theoretical background and outlines ...","PeriodicalId":18476,"journal":{"name":"Methodology: European Journal of Research Methods for The Behavioral and Social Sciences","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57292226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-09-01DOI: 10.1027/1614-2241.2.1.16
U. Brandes, P. Kenis, Jörg Raab
Assessments of configurations, dynamics, and cause and effect are at the heart of our thinking and explanation. Although numerous methods for such assessments have been developed and are being used in daily scientific practice, visualization is usually not considered to be one of them. In this article we first argue that this is due to the common practice of visualizing data rather than the information contained in it; second, we address a number of principles for effective visualization; and third, we assess visualizations generated by the software tool visone in order to explain network outcomes using these principles.
{"title":"Explanation Through Network Visualization","authors":"U. Brandes, P. Kenis, Jörg Raab","doi":"10.1027/1614-2241.2.1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.2.1.16","url":null,"abstract":"Assessments of configurations, dynamics, and cause and effect are at the heart of our thinking and explanation. Although numerous methods for such assessments have been developed and are being used in daily scientific practice, visualization is usually not considered to be one of them. In this article we first argue that this is due to the common practice of visualizing data rather than the information contained in it; second, we address a number of principles for effective visualization; and third, we assess visualizations generated by the software tool visone in order to explain network outcomes using these principles.","PeriodicalId":18476,"journal":{"name":"Methodology: European Journal of Research Methods for The Behavioral and Social Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"16-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1027/1614-2241.2.1.16","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57292590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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