Medycyna doswiadczalna i mikrobiologia最新文献

Introduction: Global concern is the treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant strains ofgenus Staphylococcus. The aim ofthis study was the analysis ofthe staphylococcal infections' incidence in a multi-profile hospital in Nowy Targ, Poland, in the years 2001- 2004 with a focus on the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among isolated strains of S. aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococci.

Material and method: The study was based on the results of bacteriological tests performed in the hospital bacteriological laboratory. The study included patients treated in years 2001-2004 in cardiology, nephrology, surgery, orthopedics, pediatric, intensive care, gynecology and neonatal ward.

Results: Regardless of the year in which the analysis was performed, S. aureus strains resistant to methicillin were not cultured on the neonatal ward and gynecology ward. On the other side, methicillin-sensitive strains were cultured on all of the hospital's wards. A very high sensitivity (virtually 100%) of staphylococcus to vancomycin and teicoplanin and a high sensitivity (87-93%) to chloramphenicol was found. This study showed that the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus strains were the least sensitive to tetracycline.

Conclusions: 1. The highest sensitivity of Staphylococcus was reported to glycopeptides and the lowest to tetracycline. 2. Most of the Staphylococcus strains were cultured in the cardiology department and the least of the strains in the department of gynecology. 3. It is advisable to check whether the frequency of Staphylococcus culture's occurrence has decreased after implementation of the WHO recommendations.

Introduction: HHV-6 has been identified as the etiologic agent of exanthema subitum in infants and acute febrile illness in young children, although primary HHV-6 infection in immunocompetent adolescents and adults is very rare. We report the case of acute hepatitis in an 18-year-old man without any immunological dysfunctions.

Material and methods: Full virological examination of sera samples was performed. Specimens were tested for the presence of specific anti-EBV and anti-HHV-6 antibodies and also for the presence of DNA of other herpesviruses, using qPCR assays.

Results: Obtained results demonstrated the presence of HHV-6 DNA in all examined sera samples and IgM-class antibodies against HHV-6 in the second specimen. No other etiologic agents were found that are known to induce hepatitis. Hence, patient was diagnosed as having acute hepatitis triggered by HHV-6.

Conclusions: We found that qPCR is a very useful tool for the detection of different herpesvirus infections, especially with low-copy viraemia in clinical specimens.

Introduction: Potential role of HPV infection in pathogenesis of colon polyps and cancer remains undetermined. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of DNA of HPV- 6, -11, -16 and -18 in the biopsies from colon polyps.

Material and methods: We investigated the biopsies from 24 patients (23 from colon polyps and I from colon cancer) of Department of Gastroenterology Medical University of Warsaw using Real time PCR HPV-6/11. Real-TM (Sacace Biotechnologies) was performed on termocycler Smart Cycler Dx.

Results: We didn't detect oncogenic HPV16 and HPV18 in any of the investigated specimens, HPV-11 was present in 11 patients including all patients with adenoma tubule-villosum. We detect HPV6 in 5 samples from polyps and 1 from colon cancer.

Conclusions: HPV 6 and HPV 11 could play a role in pathogenesis some colon polyps but the final conclusions demand further investigations. Oncogenic HPV 16 and 18 probably don't play any role in colon polyps pathogenesis.

Introduction: The aim of the study was a molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from surgical site infections (SSIs) from patients in southern Poland, undergoing different surgical procedures, together with evaluation of the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and the presence of virulence factors.

Materials and methods: In this laboratory-based, multicenter study, non-repetitive 162 samples from SSI were collected from hospitalized patients (12 hospitals, n=139) or outpatients (n=23) in southern Poland between January 1 and December 31, 2013. In all S. aureus isolates, we investigated antimicrobial susceptibility, the presence of selected virulence genes (lukE, pvl, tsst-l and eta), and also conducted spa typing.

Results: Patients with SSI had a median age of 61 years; 54.9% were male. Prevalence of MRSA (29 strains, 17.9%) SSI per surgery type was 8.7% in orthopaedic, 17.7% in general and 42.9% in vascular surgery. Over 20% of strains were resistant for erythromycin (27.2%), clindamycin (23.5%). No resistance was found for linezolid, glycopeptides or tigecycline. Gene of Leukocidin (lukE) was the most frequently found gene. Spa typing identified 10 spa types; the two dominant types were t003 (41.4%) and t138(17.2%).

Conclusions: The results show that after vascular surgery, there was an unexpectedly high prevalence of MRSA in SSIs in southern Poland. Conversely, the prevalence of MRSA was unexpectedly low following orthopaedics procedures. The surprisingly observation was the low virulence of the S. aureus strains among older patients.

Amebiasis is a widespread parasitic infection caused by the human-specific protozoan Entamoeba histolytica (E.- histolytica). Tropical and subtropical regions with poor socioeconomic and sanitary conditions belong to endemic areas. The highest rates of E. histolytica infection are observed in India, Mexico, Africa, some parts ofCentral and South America. Up to 90% of infections remain asymptomatic, about 10% of patients develop amebic colitis. About 10% of symptomatic individuals may present with an extraintestinal manifestation, mostly amebic liver abscess (ALA). Clinical symptoms of ALA appear within 5 months after an exposition to E. histolytica cysts. Anamnesis revealing a travel to endemic area plays a crucial role in a diagnostic process, which is further supported by an physical examination, radiological findings, serology and parasitology test. The following article presents the difficulties which may occur when the ALA is suspected in a patient traveling from endemic areas.

Tularemia is a serious infectious zoonotic disease, caused by Gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis. Natural reservoir of infection are small mammals such a mice, voles, squirrels and rabbits. Transmission to humans occurs through contact with infected animals or contaminated environments, or through arthropod vectors. Because of its extreme infectivity it is a dangerous biological agent to human health. Tularemia has a broad geographical distribution, however is mainly in the northern hemisphere, in areas with cooler climates particularly in North America, Europe, Russia and Japan. Most of the cases among European countries have been reported in the Scandinavian region. The prevalence rate of tularemia in Poland is small, although in recent years stable increase has been observed. According to official epidemiological data during the years 2010-2016 only 61 cases of tularemia were reported in Poland. A laboratory diagnosis of tularemia is based on serological investigation, classical microbiology and molecular biology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of infections caused by Francisella tularensis in humans in Poland and present characteristics of laboratory diagnosis of tularemia.

Introduction: This study reviews the occurrence and most common health effect of exposure to moulds in different environment. The short characteristic of chosen toxigenic fungi and the major mycotoxin classes was also presented. Exposure to allergens may cause human disease, including allergic rhinitis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis asthma and sick building syndrome. Moulds also reveal carcinogenic, cytotoxic, and neurotoxic properties.

Helicobacter pylori has been described as the important cause of cancer deaths in worldwide. It is also etiological agent of gastric ulcers, other diseases related to the digestive system and diseases beyond the digestive system. The study reviews the characteristics of the H. pylori. It also describes the pathogenesis and pathogenicity of H. pylori. The study presents a description of diagnostic methods used for H. pylori diagnosis.

Introduction: Herpes simplex viruses type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) cause widespread infection worldwide with different course and intensity. Although the disease caused by this viruses mainly concern healthy children and adults, the HSV infections are much more dangerous for people with immunodeficiencies. The aim of this work was to compare the diagnostic value of two qPCR methods for detection HSV-1/2 DNA, based on TaqMan* and HybProbes chemistry with commercial HSV-1/2 Qual Kit.

Methods: DNA from 51 clinical samples was tested for presence of HSV-1/2 sequences on LightCycler 2.0 thermocycler, using two ,,in-house" developed multiplex real-time PCR assays and commercial test using SCORPIONSTM primers.

Results: The results showed high specificity and sensitivity of all molecular biology tests used. Statistically, there was no significant difference in the sensitivity of real-time PCR assays when using TaqMan* and HybProbes' chemistry and when using the commercial SCORPIONSTM based method (P>0.05).

Conclusions: Obtained results show that all tested methods are highly specific and can possibly be used to simultaneously detect and differentiate HSV-1/2 DNA in clinical samples. The high detection rate and short duration of qPCR assayas has great importance for immunocompromised patients where quick application of effective and safe treatment is necessary. It is also important in the event of amorphous form of the infection and the occurrence of nonspecific and generalized symptoms.

of specific anti-HHV-6 antibodies in IgM and IgG classes and viral DNA. Quantitative real-time PCR assay was also used to determine viral load in alloHSCT recipients in plasma samples. Results: All individuals from studied group have not IgM antibodies against-HHV-6 prior transplantation. Specific IgG-class anti-HHV-6 antibodies were detected in 38 of 54 (70%) donors and in 47 of 54 recipients before HSCT (870/o), respectively. High load of HHV-6 DNA (>1x10A6 copies/ml) was detected in plasma samples taken only from one person (1,9%) of the 54 recipients. Conclusions: There is a high frequency specific anti-HHV-6 antibody in studied Polish patients; otherwise CI-HHV-6 was rare detected. Nonetheless, we urge careful observation of individuals with hematological malignances supposed to have CI-HHV-6. Further research on larger study group is needed to determine the clear role of CI-HHV-6 in alloHSCT recipients.