The approach of several processes specific for the public sector such as innovation, public and nonprofit marketing in view of co-creation and co-production of public services is more present in the field literature, in research projects or community development strategies. Remarkable contributions, such as those of Ostrom, Osborne, Voorberg, Jacob amplify and redirect the research agenda of public sector, providing also the pillar necessary to prestigious research programmes, i.e. Horizon 2020. A core subject consists in the connection between co-production and citizen participation. In this context, the concept of “emergence of co-production�? is genuine and significant for what we call “new economics foundation�?. The social, democratic and even political aspects joined the new concepts, revealing the growth of trust in the public, governmental authorities and citizen connection through involvement in public policies and programmes development. The current paper aims to provide a new perspective in light to approach public marketing, using co-production as pillar of the process specific to public marketing. The new concept, co-public marketing derives from general concepts, such as co-marketing, and specificity offered to public marketing by necessity and integration of citizen participation within the decisional processes from the public sector.
{"title":"Fostering Co-Public Marketing and Co-Production of Public Services in Romania","authors":"Ani Matei, C. Antonovici, Carmen Săvulescu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2939506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2939506","url":null,"abstract":"The approach of several processes specific for the public sector such as innovation, public and nonprofit marketing in view of co-creation and co-production of public services is more present in the field literature, in research projects or community development strategies. Remarkable contributions, such as those of Ostrom, Osborne, Voorberg, Jacob amplify and redirect the research agenda of public sector, providing also the pillar necessary to prestigious research programmes, i.e. Horizon 2020. A core subject consists in the connection between co-production and citizen participation. In this context, the concept of “emergence of co-production�? is genuine and significant for what we call “new economics foundation�?. The social, democratic and even political aspects joined the new concepts, revealing the growth of trust in the public, governmental authorities and citizen connection through involvement in public policies and programmes development. The current paper aims to provide a new perspective in light to approach public marketing, using co-production as pillar of the process specific to public marketing. The new concept, co-public marketing derives from general concepts, such as co-marketing, and specificity offered to public marketing by necessity and integration of citizen participation within the decisional processes from the public sector.","PeriodicalId":185902,"journal":{"name":"Investment & Social Responsibility eJournal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115403169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The project aims to research the impact of ethical business strategy in retail industry. It will primarily focus on one particular aspect of the ethical business strategy, customers’ buying behaviour and loyalty issues. For the purpose of this research a leading retailer, Marks and Spencer will be evaluated, the impact of Ethical Business Strategy (known as Plan A) on its 33.6 million consumers’ base. Literature review suggests ethical business strategy has an impact on consumers and can enable an organisation to achieve sustainable competitive advantages in the long term. A survey was conducted for consumers of Marks and Spencer Simply Food to establish what impact it had on consumer choice. The findings and analysis of survey data highlighted Plan A fails to influence the majority of the consumer’s buying behaviour and loyalty. However it affects between 10% to 12 % consumers that are viewed as ethical consumers by the Business Analyst. As a result of this research, recommendations have been made for Marks and Spencer. As a student researcher in order to meet time constraints and cost, researcher selected to conduct survey in one department of Marks and Spencer, Marks and Spencer Simply Food. The reader will need to take this limitation into account when reading this report, as the outcomes may have been different if various departments were surveyed.
该项目旨在研究道德商业战略对零售业的影响。它将主要关注道德商业战略的一个特定方面，客户的购买行为和忠诚度问题。为了这项研究的目的，一个领先的零售商，玛莎百货将被评估，道德商业战略(被称为计划a)对其3360万消费者基础的影响。文献综述表明，道德商业战略对消费者有影响，可以使组织在长期内实现可持续的竞争优势。一项针对玛莎简单食品的消费者进行的调查，以确定它对消费者选择的影响。调查数据的发现和分析表明，A计划未能影响大多数消费者的购买行为和忠诚度。然而，它影响了被商业分析师视为道德消费者的10%至12%的消费者。作为这项研究的结果，对玛莎百货提出了建议。作为一名学生研究者，为了满足时间和成本的限制，研究者选择在Marks and Spencer的一个部门，Marks and Spencer Simply Food进行调查。读者在阅读本报告时需要考虑到这一限制，因为如果调查了不同的部门，结果可能会有所不同。
{"title":"Can Ethical Business Strategy Influence Consumers’ Buying Behavior and Loyalty: Marks and Spencer PLC?","authors":"K. Islam","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2761509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2761509","url":null,"abstract":"The project aims to research the impact of ethical business strategy in retail industry. It will primarily focus on one particular aspect of the ethical business strategy, customers’ buying behaviour and loyalty issues. For the purpose of this research a leading retailer, Marks and Spencer will be evaluated, the impact of Ethical Business Strategy (known as Plan A) on its 33.6 million consumers’ base. Literature review suggests ethical business strategy has an impact on consumers and can enable an organisation to achieve sustainable competitive advantages in the long term. A survey was conducted for consumers of Marks and Spencer Simply Food to establish what impact it had on consumer choice. The findings and analysis of survey data highlighted Plan A fails to influence the majority of the consumer’s buying behaviour and loyalty. However it affects between 10% to 12 % consumers that are viewed as ethical consumers by the Business Analyst. As a result of this research, recommendations have been made for Marks and Spencer. As a student researcher in order to meet time constraints and cost, researcher selected to conduct survey in one department of Marks and Spencer, Marks and Spencer Simply Food. The reader will need to take this limitation into account when reading this report, as the outcomes may have been different if various departments were surveyed.","PeriodicalId":185902,"journal":{"name":"Investment & Social Responsibility eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124223771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While the financial services sector continues to grapple with the post financial crisis legal and regulatory reforms and other legacy issues, there are a new set of expectations emerging. These relate to how the financial sector will interact with the financial and real economy on long term sustainability challenges. A new set of laws, regulations, and soft law standards are developing which financial institutions must come to grips with and begin to adopt into their internal governance structures and processes. These pressure points require forward thinking and proactive responses not only to manage compliance but also to take advantage of new business opportunities.
{"title":"Sustainability Legal Pressure Points for Financial Services","authors":"Judson Berkey","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2825914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2825914","url":null,"abstract":"While the financial services sector continues to grapple with the post financial crisis legal and regulatory reforms and other legacy issues, there are a new set of expectations emerging. These relate to how the financial sector will interact with the financial and real economy on long term sustainability challenges. A new set of laws, regulations, and soft law standards are developing which financial institutions must come to grips with and begin to adopt into their internal governance structures and processes. These pressure points require forward thinking and proactive responses not only to manage compliance but also to take advantage of new business opportunities.","PeriodicalId":185902,"journal":{"name":"Investment & Social Responsibility eJournal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124801253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We introduce item response theory (IRT) to management and strategy research. IRT explicitly models firms’ and individuals’ observable actions in order to measure unobserved, latent characteristics. IRT models have helped researchers improve measures in numerous disciplines. To demonstrate their potential in strategic management, we show how the method improves upon a key measure of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate social performance (CSP), the KLD Index, by creating what we term D-SOCIAL-KLD scores, and associated estimates of their accuracy, from the underlying data. We show, for instance, that firms like Apple may not be as “good” as previously thought, while firms like Walmart may perform better than typically believed. We also show that the D-SOCIAL-KLD measure outperforms the KLD Index and factor analysis in predicting new CSR-related activity.
{"title":"Using Item Response Theory to Improve Measurement in Strategic Management Research: An Application to Corporate Social Responsibility","authors":"Robert Carroll, D. Primo, Brian K. Richter","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2318105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2318105","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce item response theory (IRT) to management and strategy research. IRT explicitly models firms’ and individuals’ observable actions in order to measure unobserved, latent characteristics. IRT models have helped researchers improve measures in numerous disciplines. To demonstrate their potential in strategic management, we show how the method improves upon a key measure of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate social performance (CSP), the KLD Index, by creating what we term D-SOCIAL-KLD scores, and associated estimates of their accuracy, from the underlying data. We show, for instance, that firms like Apple may not be as “good” as previously thought, while firms like Walmart may perform better than typically believed. We also show that the D-SOCIAL-KLD measure outperforms the KLD Index and factor analysis in predicting new CSR-related activity.","PeriodicalId":185902,"journal":{"name":"Investment & Social Responsibility eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132389075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Institutional investors have an important role to play in encouraging high standards of corporate responsibility performance in the companies in which they are invested. Yet, while issues such as climate change now receive significant investor attention, the same cannot be said for human rights. This paper argues that the absence of an agreed normative framework against which corporate human rights performance can be assessed is a central reason why institutional investors pay relatively attention to human rights in their investment processes. The paper argues that the framework proposed by the UN Special Representative on Business and Human Rights (the Guiding Principles) does not effectively address this shortcoming. It concludes by setting out the authors' views on what an effective accountability framework for business and human rights would look like, and analyses these proposals in the context of the recommendations made by the Special Representative.
{"title":"Institutional Investors and Corporate Practice: Why We Need More than Management Process Frameworks for Business and Human Rights","authors":"Rory Sullivan, Nicolas Hachez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2545959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2545959","url":null,"abstract":"Institutional investors have an important role to play in encouraging high standards of corporate responsibility performance in the companies in which they are invested. Yet, while issues such as climate change now receive significant investor attention, the same cannot be said for human rights. This paper argues that the absence of an agreed normative framework against which corporate human rights performance can be assessed is a central reason why institutional investors pay relatively attention to human rights in their investment processes. The paper argues that the framework proposed by the UN Special Representative on Business and Human Rights (the Guiding Principles) does not effectively address this shortcoming. It concludes by setting out the authors' views on what an effective accountability framework for business and human rights would look like, and analyses these proposals in the context of the recommendations made by the Special Representative.","PeriodicalId":185902,"journal":{"name":"Investment & Social Responsibility eJournal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133855488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper tries to examine in detail political stability in the European Union’s (EU) countries during the period 2002-2012. Firstly, it examines the causality relationship between political stability and economic growth, which is an issue that has puzzled scholars for decades. Using the Granger causality test the empirical findings suggest that in the case of the EU’s countries, causality is one directional, moving from political stability to economic growth. Secondly, it examines the factors that affect political stability. Using the fixed effects panel data model, we may suggest that the long term recession, the increased unemployment ratios and the high levels of inflation significantly threaten political stability. However, there are other factors that are not exclusively due to economics, such as transparency, public health care, education etc., which may significantly reduce the previously mentioned consequences. Finally, this study suggests some reforms of the EU’s regulation according to the migration policy that may smooth social and humanitarian disparities.
{"title":"Political Stability and Financial Crisis: What the Data Say for the European Union's Countries","authors":"Evangelos Vasileiou","doi":"10.20525/IJRBS.V3I1.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20525/IJRBS.V3I1.94","url":null,"abstract":"This paper tries to examine in detail political stability in the European Union’s (EU) countries during the period 2002-2012. Firstly, it examines the causality relationship between political stability and economic growth, which is an issue that has puzzled scholars for decades. Using the Granger causality test the empirical findings suggest that in the case of the EU’s countries, causality is one directional, moving from political stability to economic growth. Secondly, it examines the factors that affect political stability. Using the fixed effects panel data model, we may suggest that the long term recession, the increased unemployment ratios and the high levels of inflation significantly threaten political stability. However, there are other factors that are not exclusively due to economics, such as transparency, public health care, education etc., which may significantly reduce the previously mentioned consequences. Finally, this study suggests some reforms of the EU’s regulation according to the migration policy that may smooth social and humanitarian disparities.","PeriodicalId":185902,"journal":{"name":"Investment & Social Responsibility eJournal","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124034357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Businesses, human rights, environmental protection - areas which at first sight might seem to have little in common, are in fact greatly intertwined and as businesses become more internationalized, the need to have clear-cut laws regulating the relations among these areas becomes inevitable. Companies and transnational corporations nowadays have great impact on the environment all over the world through their activities, such as logging forests for mining purposes and in this way changing the biodiversity, the quality of air etc, creating tailing dumps which threaten the rivers, planting non-native species and displacing the native ones in this way as well affecting the biodiversity, overusing and wasting water in the oil and gas sector, etc. All these activities eventually affect not only the biodiversity, but also human well being. Thus, one method for tackling the problem of environmental degradation is creating universal mandatory norms to which all corporations would adhere. Another method, however, which is considered in this work in more details, is the approach to the issue of environmental degradation from the human rights perspective, particularly from the perspective of each human being having the right to live in a healthy, clean environment. As the reflection of this right is found in the state binding UN Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), we consider this indirect approach to the environmental protection as a possible effective method for addressing the issues of environmental degradation. Therefore, in this work we first justify our choice of approaching the environmental protection from the perspective of state’s human rights obligations, rather than from the perspective of voluntary guidelines adopted by corporations and financial institutions. We then analyze how relevant articles of the ICESCR address the issue of environmental degradation. After this analysis we identify possible obstacles which may hinder the fulfillment of the Covenant provisions. Based on the observations, we summarize the extent to which the ICESCR can serve as an alternative for environmental protection, acting as a temporary measure, until the guidelines adopted by the corporations and financial institutions aimed at protecting human rights and the environment become universal and mandatory.
{"title":"Can the ICESCR Be an Alternative for Environmental Protection? Analysis of the Effectiveness of the ICESCR in Holding State and Non-State Actors Accountable for Environmental Degradation","authors":"S. Manukyan","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2364130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2364130","url":null,"abstract":"Businesses, human rights, environmental protection - areas which at first sight might seem to have little in common, are in fact greatly intertwined and as businesses become more internationalized, the need to have clear-cut laws regulating the relations among these areas becomes inevitable. Companies and transnational corporations nowadays have great impact on the environment all over the world through their activities, such as logging forests for mining purposes and in this way changing the biodiversity, the quality of air etc, creating tailing dumps which threaten the rivers, planting non-native species and displacing the native ones in this way as well affecting the biodiversity, overusing and wasting water in the oil and gas sector, etc. All these activities eventually affect not only the biodiversity, but also human well being. Thus, one method for tackling the problem of environmental degradation is creating universal mandatory norms to which all corporations would adhere. Another method, however, which is considered in this work in more details, is the approach to the issue of environmental degradation from the human rights perspective, particularly from the perspective of each human being having the right to live in a healthy, clean environment. As the reflection of this right is found in the state binding UN Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), we consider this indirect approach to the environmental protection as a possible effective method for addressing the issues of environmental degradation. Therefore, in this work we first justify our choice of approaching the environmental protection from the perspective of state’s human rights obligations, rather than from the perspective of voluntary guidelines adopted by corporations and financial institutions. We then analyze how relevant articles of the ICESCR address the issue of environmental degradation. After this analysis we identify possible obstacles which may hinder the fulfillment of the Covenant provisions. Based on the observations, we summarize the extent to which the ICESCR can serve as an alternative for environmental protection, acting as a temporary measure, until the guidelines adopted by the corporations and financial institutions aimed at protecting human rights and the environment become universal and mandatory.","PeriodicalId":185902,"journal":{"name":"Investment & Social Responsibility eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129162917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-09DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199685387.003.0006
Moshe Hirsch
Sociologists of law have long emphasized that law is rooted in communities, and laws are considered by these scholars as expressive types of those communities. Sociological analysis casts new light on a significant dimension of international law and enriches our understanding of social factors involved in the creation, interpretation and implementation of international rules. While sociological literature provides valuable tools for analyzing various international legal topics, it does not aim to substitute rational, political or other analyses but rather to complement them. This chapter aims to present the sociological perspective on international investment law and illustrate its practical value with regard to two significant topics in contemporary investment law: the application of human rights law to investment disputes and "precedent" in investment tribunals' jurisprudence. Section II briefly exposes the central tenets of the sociological perspective and discusses its relevance to international economics, particularly foreign investment relations. Section III briefly delineates the features of the investment community. Sections IV and V illustrate the scholarly and practical value of the sociological perspective by an analysis of two prominent questions in contemporary international investment law. Section IV presents a sociological analysis of the interaction between international investment law and human rights law. The principal argument here is that the socio-cultural distance between the particular branches of international law affects the inclination of relevant decision-makers to incorporate or reject legal rules developed in other branches of international law. Section V addresses the issue of "precedent". Investment tribunals' tendency to follow a series of consistent rulings by other investment tribunals is linked to the concepts of social norms, social control and conformity in the investment arbitration community, as well as the particular role of the influential core-group of frequent arbitrators in the investment social network. Investment tribunals' inclination to accept rulings of the International Court of Justice is linked to the concepts of social status and reference group in sociological literature. Section VI concludes that sociological literature is a valuable tool that broadens our understanding of the social factors involved in the creation and implementation of international investment law, and may bear implications for policy-making as well.
{"title":"The Sociology of International Investment Law","authors":"Moshe Hirsch","doi":"10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199685387.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199685387.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Sociologists of law have long emphasized that law is rooted in communities, and laws are considered by these scholars as expressive types of those communities. Sociological analysis casts new light on a significant dimension of international law and enriches our understanding of social factors involved in the creation, interpretation and implementation of international rules. While sociological literature provides valuable tools for analyzing various international legal topics, it does not aim to substitute rational, political or other analyses but rather to complement them. This chapter aims to present the sociological perspective on international investment law and illustrate its practical value with regard to two significant topics in contemporary investment law: the application of human rights law to investment disputes and \"precedent\" in investment tribunals' jurisprudence. Section II briefly exposes the central tenets of the sociological perspective and discusses its relevance to international economics, particularly foreign investment relations. Section III briefly delineates the features of the investment community. Sections IV and V illustrate the scholarly and practical value of the sociological perspective by an analysis of two prominent questions in contemporary international investment law. Section IV presents a sociological analysis of the interaction between international investment law and human rights law. The principal argument here is that the socio-cultural distance between the particular branches of international law affects the inclination of relevant decision-makers to incorporate or reject legal rules developed in other branches of international law. Section V addresses the issue of \"precedent\". Investment tribunals' tendency to follow a series of consistent rulings by other investment tribunals is linked to the concepts of social norms, social control and conformity in the investment arbitration community, as well as the particular role of the influential core-group of frequent arbitrators in the investment social network. Investment tribunals' inclination to accept rulings of the International Court of Justice is linked to the concepts of social status and reference group in sociological literature. Section VI concludes that sociological literature is a valuable tool that broadens our understanding of the social factors involved in the creation and implementation of international investment law, and may bear implications for policy-making as well.","PeriodicalId":185902,"journal":{"name":"Investment & Social Responsibility eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117333130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hribernik, Abu Anwar, Alberto Turkstra, M. Zannini
This study explores business opportunities in the Indian coal based power value chain for European small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that specialise in clean coal technology (CCT), while also providing a general overview of the Indian coal based power value chain and its three 'pillars': coal mining, coal logistics and coal power plants.
{"title":"Potential of Clean Coal Technology in India: An SME Perspective","authors":"M. Hribernik, Abu Anwar, Alberto Turkstra, M. Zannini","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2343051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2343051","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores business opportunities in the Indian coal based power value chain for European small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that specialise in clean coal technology (CCT), while also providing a general overview of the Indian coal based power value chain and its three 'pillars': coal mining, coal logistics and coal power plants.","PeriodicalId":185902,"journal":{"name":"Investment & Social Responsibility eJournal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123965172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we will give an overview about the history of ethical, socially responsible and sustainable banking. Thus it will not provide a general historical overview about banking and finance but concentrate on sustainable, socially responsible or ethical banking. Let us explain why we present some specific events in this paper. The overview starts with the foundation of the first banks in Italy in the 16th century. Furthermore we will describe present developments that can be seen as milestones in sustainable banking. They are less about the foundation of new types of banks but about industry initiatives to integrate sustainability issues into the financial sector. The latest developments in the financial sector are about changing the view from managing environmental, social or sustainability risks into creating positive impacts on sustainable development by using financial products and services. This new view is reflected in the Global Impact Investment Network (GIIN) and in the Global Alliance for Banking on Values (GABV) that are both emphasizing the positive role that the financial industry could play in fostering sustainable development.
{"title":"Sustainable Banking – History and Current Developments","authors":"O. Weber","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2159947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2159947","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we will give an overview about the history of ethical, socially responsible and sustainable banking. Thus it will not provide a general historical overview about banking and finance but concentrate on sustainable, socially responsible or ethical banking. Let us explain why we present some specific events in this paper. The overview starts with the foundation of the first banks in Italy in the 16th century. Furthermore we will describe present developments that can be seen as milestones in sustainable banking. They are less about the foundation of new types of banks but about industry initiatives to integrate sustainability issues into the financial sector. The latest developments in the financial sector are about changing the view from managing environmental, social or sustainability risks into creating positive impacts on sustainable development by using financial products and services. This new view is reflected in the Global Impact Investment Network (GIIN) and in the Global Alliance for Banking on Values (GABV) that are both emphasizing the positive role that the financial industry could play in fostering sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":185902,"journal":{"name":"Investment & Social Responsibility eJournal","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115375734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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