The issues involved in the design of miniaturized systems are reviewed. In several respects the design of miniaturized systems requires departure from traditional engineering design. The design has to cope with a host of uncertainties simultaneously. The sources of uncertainties are all associated with reduced physical size of components and systems. A methodology is proposed in that the knowledge base is developed well in advance of actual design work, and a fast-to-use design code is made ready by the time the design work starts. For the knowledge base development conventional numerical simulation tools are applied to ‘template models’.
{"title":"Paradigm Shift in Engineering Design Precipitated by the Advent of Miniaturized Systems","authors":"W. Nakayama","doi":"10.1115/imece2000-1170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1170","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The issues involved in the design of miniaturized systems are reviewed. In several respects the design of miniaturized systems requires departure from traditional engineering design. The design has to cope with a host of uncertainties simultaneously. The sources of uncertainties are all associated with reduced physical size of components and systems. A methodology is proposed in that the knowledge base is developed well in advance of actual design work, and a fast-to-use design code is made ready by the time the design work starts. For the knowledge base development conventional numerical simulation tools are applied to ‘template models’.","PeriodicalId":186011,"journal":{"name":"Successfully Managing the Risk and Development of Your Business and Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127439103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A manufacturing firm creates share-holder value by consistently earning a return on invested capital (ROIC) that exceeds its cost of capital (COC) (Copeland et al, 1995). The amount of value created is impacted directly by the amount of capital invested, highlighting the importance of effective capital allocation. Firms can add significant value through creative ways of balancing customer requirements and working capital needs. This paper describes a generic methodology that uses customer-buying behavior to construct product offerings that minimize working capital risk without impacting service performance. The methodology is specifically applied in an environment where product and option offerings can result in thousands of final product configurations. In these complex manufacturing environments, high-velocity product configurations and option packages are used to create hedge packages (a form of dynamic safety stock) of components with longer lead times than market requirements for finished product delivery. In many cases, the lead times of very complex and costly components can exceed customer delivery requirements by a factor of 10. For example, customers may expect delivery of final products within one week, yet key components of the finished product may require ten or more weeks of lead-time. Further exacerbating the situation are the realities that the longest lead items are by nature very complex and costly, and sales forecasting is very difficult. If inventory is managed too aggressively, part shortages, frequent un-planning or rescheduling messages to vendors, late deliveries, poor service reliability, and lost revenues are typical results. This paper describes a fact-based and market-based methodology to hedge the forecast of key product components and achieve the correct balance between working capital and service requirements. Central to the process is the use of the “Affinity Analysis” tool. This tool is used to process large arrays of product configuration data with the objective of recognizing significant affinities between elements. In an automobile example, when a customer purchases a manual transmission how often do they also choose sport suspension? Knowledge of all of the high-correlation or high-affinity product selections or options can be exploited in the material requirements planning process without having to individually forecast the usage of all options. Forecasting at the individual option level is very difficult and rarely correct. The knowledge of key component affinities facilitates the creation of high-velocity product configurations and option packages that maximize revenue and minimize working capital and manufacturing complexity. The paper includes a description of the affinity analysis tool, the input and output files, how the tool is used, and how the high-velocity and hedge packages are created. Furthermore, the reader is provided with a sample application of the methodology in a complex heavy-equipmen
制造企业通过持续赚取超过其资本成本(COC)的投资资本回报率(ROIC)来创造股东价值(Copeland et al, 1995)。创造价值的多少直接受到投入资本的多少的影响，这就突出了有效的资本配置的重要性。企业可以通过平衡客户需求和营运资金需求的创造性方法来增加显著的价值。本文描述了一种通用的方法，该方法使用客户购买行为来构建产品，从而在不影响服务绩效的情况下将营运资金风险降至最低。该方法特别适用于产品和选项提供可能导致数千种最终产品配置的环境。在这些复杂的制造环境中，高速产品配置和选项包用于创建组件的对冲包(动态安全库存的一种形式)，其交货时间长于成品交付的市场要求。在许多情况下，非常复杂和昂贵的组件的交付时间可能超过客户交付需求的10倍。例如，客户可能期望在一周内交付最终产品，但最终产品的关键组件可能需要十周或更长时间的交付时间。使情况进一步恶化的现实是，最长的产品本质上非常复杂和昂贵，而且销售预测非常困难。如果库存管理过于激进，通常会导致零件短缺、频繁的向供应商发送未计划或重新安排的消息、延迟交付、服务可靠性差以及收入损失。本文描述了一种基于事实和市场的方法来对冲关键产品组件的预测，并在营运资金和服务需求之间实现正确的平衡。该过程的核心是“亲和分析”工具的使用。该工具用于处理大型产品配置数据阵列，目的是识别元素之间的重要亲和力。以汽车为例，当客户购买手动变速器时，他们选择运动悬架的频率是多少?所有高相关性或高亲和性的产品选择或选项的知识可以在材料需求计划过程中得到利用，而不必单独预测所有选项的使用情况。在单个期权层面进行预测是非常困难的，而且很少是正确的。对关键组件亲缘关系的了解有助于创建高速产品配置和选项包，从而最大化收入，最小化营运资本和制造复杂性。本文包括亲和力分析工具的描述，输入和输出文件，如何使用工具，以及如何创建高速和对冲包。此外，读者提供了一个样本应用的方法在一个复杂的重型设备制造环境。
{"title":"Managing Product Complexity and Working Capital Risk Using Buyer Behavior and Hedge Packaging","authors":"G. Mitchell, Erika Wikstrom, Joseph Belcastro","doi":"10.1115/imece2000-1184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1184","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A manufacturing firm creates share-holder value by consistently earning a return on invested capital (ROIC) that exceeds its cost of capital (COC) (Copeland et al, 1995). The amount of value created is impacted directly by the amount of capital invested, highlighting the importance of effective capital allocation. Firms can add significant value through creative ways of balancing customer requirements and working capital needs. This paper describes a generic methodology that uses customer-buying behavior to construct product offerings that minimize working capital risk without impacting service performance.\u0000 The methodology is specifically applied in an environment where product and option offerings can result in thousands of final product configurations. In these complex manufacturing environments, high-velocity product configurations and option packages are used to create hedge packages (a form of dynamic safety stock) of components with longer lead times than market requirements for finished product delivery. In many cases, the lead times of very complex and costly components can exceed customer delivery requirements by a factor of 10. For example, customers may expect delivery of final products within one week, yet key components of the finished product may require ten or more weeks of lead-time. Further exacerbating the situation are the realities that the longest lead items are by nature very complex and costly, and sales forecasting is very difficult. If inventory is managed too aggressively, part shortages, frequent un-planning or rescheduling messages to vendors, late deliveries, poor service reliability, and lost revenues are typical results.\u0000 This paper describes a fact-based and market-based methodology to hedge the forecast of key product components and achieve the correct balance between working capital and service requirements. Central to the process is the use of the “Affinity Analysis” tool. This tool is used to process large arrays of product configuration data with the objective of recognizing significant affinities between elements. In an automobile example, when a customer purchases a manual transmission how often do they also choose sport suspension? Knowledge of all of the high-correlation or high-affinity product selections or options can be exploited in the material requirements planning process without having to individually forecast the usage of all options. Forecasting at the individual option level is very difficult and rarely correct. The knowledge of key component affinities facilitates the creation of high-velocity product configurations and option packages that maximize revenue and minimize working capital and manufacturing complexity.\u0000 The paper includes a description of the affinity analysis tool, the input and output files, how the tool is used, and how the high-velocity and hedge packages are created. Furthermore, the reader is provided with a sample application of the methodology in a complex heavy-equipmen","PeriodicalId":186011,"journal":{"name":"Successfully Managing the Risk and Development of Your Business and Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127962049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this paper will be to discuss the role of nuclear power in world energy production during the 21st century. Nuclear power is currently a significant source of the global electricity supply, providing approximately 16% of the world’s electricity, and world consumption of nuclear power is continuing to grow. Worldwide nuclear capacity is projected to increase from 349 gigawatts (in 1998) to 368 gigawatts in 2010. Much of this near-term increase in nuclear capacity is due to aggressive plans for nuclear capacity expansion in Asia. Longer term high growth projections for nuclear power include assumptions of limited reactor aging effects, with more reactors operating after license renewals. In early 2000, the USNRC issued the first license renewals for nuclear power plants, for a 20 year extension beyond the expiration of the initial license term. In addition, utilities have already notified the USNRC of plans to submit renewal applications for more than 20 units by 2003. License renewal is expected to be an attractive option for companies as the most inexpensive means of future electricity generation. Another factor pointing towards the positive prospects for nuclear power in the future are the substantial improvements seen in plant safety, reliability and output over the last two decades. Due to improved management practices, higher reliability and output, and shorter refueling outages, the average production cost of US nuclear power plants has steadily decreased over the last five years. Based solely on economic factors, most US nuclear units should be able to compete in a competitive electricity market. Many additional factors point to nuclear power as an energy source which will become increasingly important in the 21st century. These factors include environmental considerations such as carbon emissions from fossil fuels, reduced waste quantities produced by nuclear power, and the security of supply of uranium reserves.
{"title":"Trends in the Energy and Engineering Industry From a Nuclear Power Perspective","authors":"James H. Nordahl","doi":"10.1115/imece2000-1175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1175","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The purpose of this paper will be to discuss the role of nuclear power in world energy production during the 21st century. Nuclear power is currently a significant source of the global electricity supply, providing approximately 16% of the world’s electricity, and world consumption of nuclear power is continuing to grow. Worldwide nuclear capacity is projected to increase from 349 gigawatts (in 1998) to 368 gigawatts in 2010. Much of this near-term increase in nuclear capacity is due to aggressive plans for nuclear capacity expansion in Asia.\u0000 Longer term high growth projections for nuclear power include assumptions of limited reactor aging effects, with more reactors operating after license renewals. In early 2000, the USNRC issued the first license renewals for nuclear power plants, for a 20 year extension beyond the expiration of the initial license term. In addition, utilities have already notified the USNRC of plans to submit renewal applications for more than 20 units by 2003. License renewal is expected to be an attractive option for companies as the most inexpensive means of future electricity generation.\u0000 Another factor pointing towards the positive prospects for nuclear power in the future are the substantial improvements seen in plant safety, reliability and output over the last two decades. Due to improved management practices, higher reliability and output, and shorter refueling outages, the average production cost of US nuclear power plants has steadily decreased over the last five years. Based solely on economic factors, most US nuclear units should be able to compete in a competitive electricity market.\u0000 Many additional factors point to nuclear power as an energy source which will become increasingly important in the 21st century. These factors include environmental considerations such as carbon emissions from fossil fuels, reduced waste quantities produced by nuclear power, and the security of supply of uranium reserves.","PeriodicalId":186011,"journal":{"name":"Successfully Managing the Risk and Development of Your Business and Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115904081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In January 1998, the Vostok project team, under the collaboration between American, Russian and French scientists, discovered and mined an underground ice core of 3,623m deep in the East Antarcitica.1) As a result of the study on this ice core, the climate conditions of the earth for the past four hundred and twenty thousand years came out clearly, as if it were recorded on a magnetic tape, as shown in Figure 1. It can be seen that the data on concentration of CO2, CH4 and temperature among others for this period signal a warning for future activities of the entire humankind of the earth.1)
{"title":"New Paradigms for Sustainable Society and Industries: Technology Conversion From One Way to Circulation","authors":"Yasuo Hamada, Hiroshi Honda","doi":"10.1115/imece2000-1169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1169","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In January 1998, the Vostok project team, under the collaboration between American, Russian and French scientists, discovered and mined an underground ice core of 3,623m deep in the East Antarcitica.1) As a result of the study on this ice core, the climate conditions of the earth for the past four hundred and twenty thousand years came out clearly, as if it were recorded on a magnetic tape, as shown in Figure 1. It can be seen that the data on concentration of CO2, CH4 and temperature among others for this period signal a warning for future activities of the entire humankind of the earth.1)","PeriodicalId":186011,"journal":{"name":"Successfully Managing the Risk and Development of Your Business and Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129769760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are numerous aspects of the electronics demanufacturing industry that may be scrutinized by Occupational Safety and Health regulators. In older computer equipment, there may be materials that have since been banned from use in industry, such as PCBs. Workers disassembling electronic equipment need to be able to recognize components containing this hazardous material. Disassemblers are also exposed to lifting and cutting hazards in their activities. Those who shred or grind their electronics may be exposed to particulated heavy metals or silica, as well as dangerous levels of noise. When electronic components are removed from circuit boards, melting the solder will release lead fumes that must be properly ventilated. Recent and pending changes in OSHA requirements will affect electronics demanufacturers. Forklift standards were revised March 1, 1999, silica exposure limits may soon be reduced, and an ergonomics standard is pending. Universal and waste must be properly handled and stored in ways that comply with regulations and protect the safety and health of the workers. As a new but growing industry, electronics demanufacturers and recylers must remain aware of potential errors that could cost tens of thousands of dollars in OSHA fines or workers’ compensation claims.
{"title":"Mitigating Environmental and Occupational Health Concerns for the Electronic Demanufacturing Industry","authors":"Luann B. Gibson","doi":"10.1115/imece2000-1186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1186","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 There are numerous aspects of the electronics demanufacturing industry that may be scrutinized by Occupational Safety and Health regulators. In older computer equipment, there may be materials that have since been banned from use in industry, such as PCBs. Workers disassembling electronic equipment need to be able to recognize components containing this hazardous material. Disassemblers are also exposed to lifting and cutting hazards in their activities. Those who shred or grind their electronics may be exposed to particulated heavy metals or silica, as well as dangerous levels of noise. When electronic components are removed from circuit boards, melting the solder will release lead fumes that must be properly ventilated. Recent and pending changes in OSHA requirements will affect electronics demanufacturers. Forklift standards were revised March 1, 1999, silica exposure limits may soon be reduced, and an ergonomics standard is pending. Universal and waste must be properly handled and stored in ways that comply with regulations and protect the safety and health of the workers. As a new but growing industry, electronics demanufacturers and recylers must remain aware of potential errors that could cost tens of thousands of dollars in OSHA fines or workers’ compensation claims.","PeriodicalId":186011,"journal":{"name":"Successfully Managing the Risk and Development of Your Business and Technology","volume":"446 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133564511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent estimates suggest that 160,000 computers will be discarded into Florida landfills in 1999, and that by 2005, this number could increase to 420,000 computers landfilled. Similarly, televisions discarded in Florida landfills may increase from 1,040,000 in 1999 to 1,200,000 in 2005. The cathode ray tubes (CRTs) in this equipment pose a major health concern, because of their lead content. Obviously, a well-planned strategy is required for managing discarded CRTs. The strategy proposed here includes (1) specifying the regulatory framework to allow CRTs to exit the hazardous waste stream in certain cases; (2) promoting the recycling infrastructure by reimbursing some costs with state funds; (3) evaluating collection strategies and other management options through pilot programs; and (4) developing a state electronics recycling contract, possibly like the state fluorescent lamp recycling contract.
{"title":"Florida’s Strategy for the Management of End-of-Life Computers, CRTs and Other Electronic Equipment","authors":"R. Clark","doi":"10.1115/imece2000-1187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1187","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Recent estimates suggest that 160,000 computers will be discarded into Florida landfills in 1999, and that by 2005, this number could increase to 420,000 computers landfilled. Similarly, televisions discarded in Florida landfills may increase from 1,040,000 in 1999 to 1,200,000 in 2005. The cathode ray tubes (CRTs) in this equipment pose a major health concern, because of their lead content. Obviously, a well-planned strategy is required for managing discarded CRTs.\u0000 The strategy proposed here includes (1) specifying the regulatory framework to allow CRTs to exit the hazardous waste stream in certain cases; (2) promoting the recycling infrastructure by reimbursing some costs with state funds; (3) evaluating collection strategies and other management options through pilot programs; and (4) developing a state electronics recycling contract, possibly like the state fluorescent lamp recycling contract.","PeriodicalId":186011,"journal":{"name":"Successfully Managing the Risk and Development of Your Business and Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126392361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As targets for future growth of aluminum products, we sees greatest opportunity in the three areas of automotive, energy and electronics. Within electronics, uses of aluminum include capacitor materials, magnetic disk substrates, printer/copier drums, and heatsinks. Of the first three areas, other materials may soon replace aluminum. In heatsinks, the high thermal conductivity, low density and low material cost of aluminum preclued serious competition from other materials. Cooling technology for modern servers, workstations and desktop computers has just begun a period of rapid change. As processor powers approach 100 watts, longstanding limits on air cooling are being challenged. The most recent changes are in the heatsinks themselves, as the longstanding manufacturing process of extruding is no longer capable of meeting new performance requirements. Skiving and folded fins, both established manufacturing technologies which can provide much finer features than extruding, are leading candidates for mass production of the new generation of heatsinks. This study focuses on the history of evolution of an effective organization for bringing the new heatsink technologies to market, concentrating on development of a start-up unit within a large metals company and a host of relationships, both technical and business, outside the company. Metals companies have long been accustomed to the necessity of constant innovation. In Japan, which has negligible ore resources, all value added is found in processing and uniqueness of the product. As metals companies have made the transition from a supplier of various aluminum alloys in traditional form factors (rod, sheet, foil, etc.) to custom made-to-order products, the next transformation has begun. Heatsinks fall into the vague category of a semi-custom product — each customer has almost the same requirements, with slightly different exceptions to a standard part. Additionally, a product lifetime may be measured in months rather than years. The computer market is dominated by large players but the size distribution tails off very slowly. 51% of the market is held by 6 companies, the largest with 14%. The remaining 49% features a wide distribution of market share and technical capabilities. This results in some customers with large staffs specializing in cooling technology, others with a small number (sometimes 1) of multidisciplinary mechanical/thermal engineers, and others with no engineering staff other than system integrators. In order to address this wide and rapidly moving market, we have made alliances with makers of other electronics cooling components (fans, plastic housings, thermal interface materials), jointly developed products with computer and processor makers, and co-sponsored university research. This year (2000) saw a large-scale entry into the Gigahertz processor cooling market, with a focus on high level visibility at technical conferences and trade shows. As thermal concerns move from a
{"title":"New Paradigms in Electronics Cooling Engineering","authors":"D. Copeland","doi":"10.1115/imece2000-1179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1179","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As targets for future growth of aluminum products, we sees greatest opportunity in the three areas of automotive, energy and electronics. Within electronics, uses of aluminum include capacitor materials, magnetic disk substrates, printer/copier drums, and heatsinks. Of the first three areas, other materials may soon replace aluminum. In heatsinks, the high thermal conductivity, low density and low material cost of aluminum preclued serious competition from other materials. Cooling technology for modern servers, workstations and desktop computers has just begun a period of rapid change. As processor powers approach 100 watts, longstanding limits on air cooling are being challenged. The most recent changes are in the heatsinks themselves, as the longstanding manufacturing process of extruding is no longer capable of meeting new performance requirements. Skiving and folded fins, both established manufacturing technologies which can provide much finer features than extruding, are leading candidates for mass production of the new generation of heatsinks.\u0000 This study focuses on the history of evolution of an effective organization for bringing the new heatsink technologies to market, concentrating on development of a start-up unit within a large metals company and a host of relationships, both technical and business, outside the company. Metals companies have long been accustomed to the necessity of constant innovation. In Japan, which has negligible ore resources, all value added is found in processing and uniqueness of the product. As metals companies have made the transition from a supplier of various aluminum alloys in traditional form factors (rod, sheet, foil, etc.) to custom made-to-order products, the next transformation has begun. Heatsinks fall into the vague category of a semi-custom product — each customer has almost the same requirements, with slightly different exceptions to a standard part. Additionally, a product lifetime may be measured in months rather than years.\u0000 The computer market is dominated by large players but the size distribution tails off very slowly. 51% of the market is held by 6 companies, the largest with 14%. The remaining 49% features a wide distribution of market share and technical capabilities. This results in some customers with large staffs specializing in cooling technology, others with a small number (sometimes 1) of multidisciplinary mechanical/thermal engineers, and others with no engineering staff other than system integrators.\u0000 In order to address this wide and rapidly moving market, we have made alliances with makers of other electronics cooling components (fans, plastic housings, thermal interface materials), jointly developed products with computer and processor makers, and co-sponsored university research. This year (2000) saw a large-scale entry into the Gigahertz processor cooling market, with a focus on high level visibility at technical conferences and trade shows. As thermal concerns move from a ","PeriodicalId":186011,"journal":{"name":"Successfully Managing the Risk and Development of Your Business and Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127117232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeff E. Schwartz, Richard T. Girards, Karen A. Borrelli
Engineers, by the practice of their profession, regularly apply new methods and products to the end of solving old problems. These new methods and products may prove to be both commercially useful and financially valuable. The U.S. intellectual property system can afford such innovations broad protection from old fashioned “poaching” by securing for their creators/inventors powerful legal rights to such innovations.
{"title":"U.S. Patent/Intellectual Property Law: What Should Engineers Know?","authors":"Jeff E. Schwartz, Richard T. Girards, Karen A. Borrelli","doi":"10.1115/imece2000-1190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1190","url":null,"abstract":"Engineers, by the practice of their profession, regularly apply new methods and products to the end of solving old problems. These new methods and products may prove to be both commercially useful and financially valuable. The U.S. intellectual property system can afford such innovations broad protection from old fashioned “poaching” by securing for their creators/inventors powerful legal rights to such innovations.","PeriodicalId":186011,"journal":{"name":"Successfully Managing the Risk and Development of Your Business and Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127971551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effectively managing unpredictability requires decision support tools that can predict the financial and business outcomes of various supply chain strategies. This paper will discuss the role of these decision support tools and their characteristics as well as review a case study. In the case study, decision support tools facilitated development of strategies that increased after tax profit by $140 Million. These strategies included: • Reliability improvement strategy: Identifying the reliability improvements that offered the biggest profitability impact. • Supply chain strategy: Defining inventory management and production scheduling rules that ensured order shipment within two days. • Capital investment strategy: Defining when new capacity should come on line as well as the minimum capital investment.
{"title":"Decision Support Tools for Managing Unpredictability in the Supply Chain","authors":"C. Vesier","doi":"10.1115/imece2000-1183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1183","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Effectively managing unpredictability requires decision support tools that can predict the financial and business outcomes of various supply chain strategies. This paper will discuss the role of these decision support tools and their characteristics as well as review a case study. In the case study, decision support tools facilitated development of strategies that increased after tax profit by $140 Million. These strategies included:\u0000 • Reliability improvement strategy: Identifying the reliability improvements that offered the biggest profitability impact.\u0000 • Supply chain strategy: Defining inventory management and production scheduling rules that ensured order shipment within two days.\u0000 • Capital investment strategy: Defining when new capacity should come on line as well as the minimum capital investment.","PeriodicalId":186011,"journal":{"name":"Successfully Managing the Risk and Development of Your Business and Technology","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131639084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
National and regional economies have become increasingly bound to a global economy with the availability of advanced communication, information and transportation technologies among others, while the advancement of science and technology in general has served as a driving engine for economic and industrial development of local and national economies, and subsequently for those of regional and global economies with substantial time lags in the past millennium. The globalization has given a significant impact on each society by accelerating instant and/or speedy flows of information, money, commodity, energy and human beings, and thus has provided increasingly equal opportunities to societies around the globe for the development of business and technology. Nevertheless, characteristics and specific boundary conditions of local areas, nations and regions still characterize the business and technological opportunities for specific communities. The global constraints such as limitation in natural resources and energy, and the global environmental issues have driven human beings to challenge a huge task for the new and renewable energy development, environmental protection, and development and utilization of space and other frontiers such as deep underground and deep seas, on a global scale of competition and cooperation. Under these circumstances, we will need to manage the risk and development of our business and technology increasingly from global perspectives, with due consideration on the global constraints and specific characteristics of the focused local societies. This paper is intended to set scene and raise issues for discussion at the subject symposium of ours.
{"title":"Successfully Managing the Risk and Development of Your Business and Technology in the Global Economy","authors":"Hiroshi Honda","doi":"10.1115/imece2000-1180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1180","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 National and regional economies have become increasingly bound to a global economy with the availability of advanced communication, information and transportation technologies among others, while the advancement of science and technology in general has served as a driving engine for economic and industrial development of local and national economies, and subsequently for those of regional and global economies with substantial time lags in the past millennium. The globalization has given a significant impact on each society by accelerating instant and/or speedy flows of information, money, commodity, energy and human beings, and thus has provided increasingly equal opportunities to societies around the globe for the development of business and technology. Nevertheless, characteristics and specific boundary conditions of local areas, nations and regions still characterize the business and technological opportunities for specific communities.\u0000 The global constraints such as limitation in natural resources and energy, and the global environmental issues have driven human beings to challenge a huge task for the new and renewable energy development, environmental protection, and development and utilization of space and other frontiers such as deep underground and deep seas, on a global scale of competition and cooperation. Under these circumstances, we will need to manage the risk and development of our business and technology increasingly from global perspectives, with due consideration on the global constraints and specific characteristics of the focused local societies. This paper is intended to set scene and raise issues for discussion at the subject symposium of ours.","PeriodicalId":186011,"journal":{"name":"Successfully Managing the Risk and Development of Your Business and Technology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131382106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：