Pub Date : 2021-08-05DOI: 10.11648/J.CB.20210902.12
Tianyi Su, Tian Su
The role of post-treatment in protecting organ ischemia and re-perfusion damage is increasingly recognized, however, its mechanism of the action is not very clear, all in all, it still needs further research. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate whether IPO can reduce I/R-induced liver damage through inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways in rats. Rats were randomly divided into sham, I/R, IPO and LY294002+IPO groups. The levels of AST and ALT were assessed. The expression levels of IL-1, Akt, NF-κB-P65 and TNF-α were analyzed using western blot analysis. The expression levels of ALT, AST, IL -1, TNF-α and NF-κB-P65 were significant reduction in the IPO group compared with those in the I/R group. Furthermore, the protein expression level of phosphorylated Akt was observed to be significant increase in the livers of the rats in the IPO group compared with those in the I/R group. Moreover, LY294002 was found to offset the advantages of IPO. To the best of our knowledge, this study provided the clear evidence to show that IPO significantly reduced the injury caused by I/R, and it might protect the liver from hepatic injury through activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway, which increased the expression of Akt, and inhibited the protein expression of IL-1, NF-κB-P65 and TNF-α.
{"title":"Ischemic Postconditioning Attenuates Ischemia/Reperfusion-induced Injury Through Activating Inflammatory Signaling Pathways","authors":"Tianyi Su, Tian Su","doi":"10.11648/J.CB.20210902.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.CB.20210902.12","url":null,"abstract":"The role of post-treatment in protecting organ ischemia and re-perfusion damage is increasingly recognized, however, its mechanism of the action is not very clear, all in all, it still needs further research. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate whether IPO can reduce I/R-induced liver damage through inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways in rats. Rats were randomly divided into sham, I/R, IPO and LY294002+IPO groups. The levels of AST and ALT were assessed. The expression levels of IL-1, Akt, NF-κB-P65 and TNF-α were analyzed using western blot analysis. The expression levels of ALT, AST, IL -1, TNF-α and NF-κB-P65 were significant reduction in the IPO group compared with those in the I/R group. Furthermore, the protein expression level of phosphorylated Akt was observed to be significant increase in the livers of the rats in the IPO group compared with those in the I/R group. Moreover, LY294002 was found to offset the advantages of IPO. To the best of our knowledge, this study provided the clear evidence to show that IPO significantly reduced the injury caused by I/R, and it might protect the liver from hepatic injury through activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway, which increased the expression of Akt, and inhibited the protein expression of IL-1, NF-κB-P65 and TNF-α.","PeriodicalId":18675,"journal":{"name":"Membrane & cell biology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90555846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.11648/J.CB.20210902.11
Tafesse Solomon
Grain yield is a complex quantitative trait which is influenced by a number of yield contributing traits. To improve grain yield in wheat, selection of genotypes should not only be based on grain yield alone, and the other grain yield components should also be considered. Twenty-three advanced bread wheat genotypes from the national wheat research breeding program; two released bread wheat varieties in Ethiopia; a total of twenty-five genotypes used in this study. The experiment was conducted in square lattice design with three replication over five locations for two consecutive years, in 2018 and 2019 main cropping seasons. The total experimental unit was 2.5m x 1.2m = 3m2. Overall results from correlations showed a higher genotypic correlation than the corresponding phenotypic correlation for most of the traits. The genotypic correlation between Grain yield and Plant height (rg=0.51**); between grain yield and thousand kernel weight (rg=0.73**); and between grain yield and hectoliter weight (rg= 0.52**) are highly significant at (P<0.01) (table 3). The highest phenotypic correlation found between thousand kernel weight and grain yield (rp=0.68**) followed by the phenotypic correlation between hectoliter weight and grain yield (rp=0.57**) (Table 5). The date of maturity, Plant height, Thousand Kernel Weight, and HectoLiter Weight had a positive direct effect on Grain yield (table 4). In conclusion, to generate a new technology, a variety with improved grain yield, a breeder needs to apply indirect selection for yield components from an early stage, nurseries to sets of advanced yield trials in the breeding program.
{"title":"Correlation and Path Coefficient Studies on Advanced Bread Wheat Lines in Ethiopia","authors":"Tafesse Solomon","doi":"10.11648/J.CB.20210902.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.CB.20210902.11","url":null,"abstract":"Grain yield is a complex quantitative trait which is influenced by a number of yield contributing traits. To improve grain yield in wheat, selection of genotypes should not only be based on grain yield alone, and the other grain yield components should also be considered. Twenty-three advanced bread wheat genotypes from the national wheat research breeding program; two released bread wheat varieties in Ethiopia; a total of twenty-five genotypes used in this study. The experiment was conducted in square lattice design with three replication over five locations for two consecutive years, in 2018 and 2019 main cropping seasons. The total experimental unit was 2.5m x 1.2m = 3m2. Overall results from correlations showed a higher genotypic correlation than the corresponding phenotypic correlation for most of the traits. The genotypic correlation between Grain yield and Plant height (rg=0.51**); between grain yield and thousand kernel weight (rg=0.73**); and between grain yield and hectoliter weight (rg= 0.52**) are highly significant at (P<0.01) (table 3). The highest phenotypic correlation found between thousand kernel weight and grain yield (rp=0.68**) followed by the phenotypic correlation between hectoliter weight and grain yield (rp=0.57**) (Table 5). The date of maturity, Plant height, Thousand Kernel Weight, and HectoLiter Weight had a positive direct effect on Grain yield (table 4). In conclusion, to generate a new technology, a variety with improved grain yield, a breeder needs to apply indirect selection for yield components from an early stage, nurseries to sets of advanced yield trials in the breeding program.","PeriodicalId":18675,"journal":{"name":"Membrane & cell biology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89094232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-29DOI: 10.11648/J.CB.20210901.13
L. López, Milagros de la Caridad Milá Pascual, José Antúnez Coca
Introduction: the participation of coagulase negative staphylococci in human diseases is an important problem, particularly in hospital settings where these species often act as opportunistic pathogens. Objective: to show the results obtained after applying conventional techniques for its detection. Results: the tests Cumpling factor, Detection of hemolysin δ-like, acidification of the substrates trehalose, mannose, mannitol and inositol were applied, as well as the ornithine decarboxylation biochemical test and the behavior of antimicrobial sensitivity was taken into account. all being feasible for the diagnosis of this microorganism due to the results obtained. Conclusions: Staphylococcus lugdunensis is an atypical SCoN compared to the rest of the SCoNs, both due to its special virulence characteristics and its striking sensitivity to multiple antimicrobials, including penicillin sensitivity in many cases. Its diagnosis in clinical microbiology laboratories is simple, given the suspicion of this species by the positive compliance factor test, a complete identification of it must be carried out through the decarboxylation of ornithine, the acidification of mannose, as well as antimicrobial sensitivity, are useful tests to differentiate this microorganism from the rest of its species.
{"title":"Application of Conventional Techniques for the Diagnosis of Staphylococcus lugdunensis in Clinical Microbiology","authors":"L. López, Milagros de la Caridad Milá Pascual, José Antúnez Coca","doi":"10.11648/J.CB.20210901.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.CB.20210901.13","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: the participation of coagulase negative staphylococci in human diseases is an important problem, particularly in hospital settings where these species often act as opportunistic pathogens. Objective: to show the results obtained after applying conventional techniques for its detection. Results: the tests Cumpling factor, Detection of hemolysin δ-like, acidification of the substrates trehalose, mannose, mannitol and inositol were applied, as well as the ornithine decarboxylation biochemical test and the behavior of antimicrobial sensitivity was taken into account. all being feasible for the diagnosis of this microorganism due to the results obtained. Conclusions: Staphylococcus lugdunensis is an atypical SCoN compared to the rest of the SCoNs, both due to its special virulence characteristics and its striking sensitivity to multiple antimicrobials, including penicillin sensitivity in many cases. Its diagnosis in clinical microbiology laboratories is simple, given the suspicion of this species by the positive compliance factor test, a complete identification of it must be carried out through the decarboxylation of ornithine, the acidification of mannose, as well as antimicrobial sensitivity, are useful tests to differentiate this microorganism from the rest of its species.","PeriodicalId":18675,"journal":{"name":"Membrane & cell biology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82065821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nigella sativa, Carica papaya and Boswellia sacra are medicinal plants in the commonly used in folkloric medicine due to the presence of its immense therapeutic properties. Fifty (50) female albino mice weighing between 15-22g were divided into five groups of 10 mice each. Animal in group 1 served as control group and were administered distilled water while animal in group 2 were given 2ml of cisplatin (orally). Animal in group 3-5 were given orally; 100 mg/kg (low dose), 200 mg/kg (medium dose) and 400 mg/kg (high dose) of triherbal preparation. The feeding regimens lasted for 28 days. After 28 days, mammary gland and blood samples were collected for haematological and antioxidant analysis. The triherbal formula decreased the GSH and MDA levels of mice treated with 100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses compare to control. The measurement of total protein content, SOD and CAT increased in treated animals compared to control. However, RBC (Red Blood Cell) counts significantly decreased in the low, medium and high dose groups (0.95±0.08, 6.57±0.08 and 3.55±0.55 x 106 cells/mm3 respectively) compared to control (7.34±0.40) at P<0.05. Also, significant decreases (P<0.05) in the level of the total WBC (White Blood Cell) count, platelet count, PCV (Packed Cell Volume) and Hb (haemoglobin) concentration were observed. The decreases were dose dependent. The MCH (Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin) and MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration) except MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume) significantly decreased in treated group only. The triherbal formulation exhibited significant antioxidant activities showing increased levels of SOD, CAT and Protein content due to activation of the enzyme involve in detoxification of free radicals and decreased in the level of GSH and MDA due to accumulation of peroxides and H2O2. Also, decreased in haematological parameters due to the presence of phytochemicals such as phenol, resins, saponins, sterols, tannis and terpenes in the triherbal formula. Therefore, it has potential to induce haematotoxicity hence consumption of high concentrations should be discouraged.
{"title":"Evaluation of Biochemical, Hematological and Antioxidant Properties in Mice Exposed to a Triherbal (Nigella sativa, Carica papaya and Boswellia sacra) Formular","authors":"Kehinde Sowunmi, Adebayo Sofiyyah Modupeola, Adesiyan Ayobami Lawal, Kade Emmanuel Ayomikun, Gurpreet Kaur","doi":"10.11648/J.CB.20210901.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.CB.20210901.12","url":null,"abstract":"Nigella sativa, Carica papaya and Boswellia sacra are medicinal plants in the commonly used in folkloric medicine due to the presence of its immense therapeutic properties. Fifty (50) female albino mice weighing between 15-22g were divided into five groups of 10 mice each. Animal in group 1 served as control group and were administered distilled water while animal in group 2 were given 2ml of cisplatin (orally). Animal in group 3-5 were given orally; 100 mg/kg (low dose), 200 mg/kg (medium dose) and 400 mg/kg (high dose) of triherbal preparation. The feeding regimens lasted for 28 days. After 28 days, mammary gland and blood samples were collected for haematological and antioxidant analysis. The triherbal formula decreased the GSH and MDA levels of mice treated with 100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses compare to control. The measurement of total protein content, SOD and CAT increased in treated animals compared to control. However, RBC (Red Blood Cell) counts significantly decreased in the low, medium and high dose groups (0.95±0.08, 6.57±0.08 and 3.55±0.55 x 106 cells/mm3 respectively) compared to control (7.34±0.40) at P<0.05. Also, significant decreases (P<0.05) in the level of the total WBC (White Blood Cell) count, platelet count, PCV (Packed Cell Volume) and Hb (haemoglobin) concentration were observed. The decreases were dose dependent. The MCH (Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin) and MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration) except MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume) significantly decreased in treated group only. The triherbal formulation exhibited significant antioxidant activities showing increased levels of SOD, CAT and Protein content due to activation of the enzyme involve in detoxification of free radicals and decreased in the level of GSH and MDA due to accumulation of peroxides and H2O2. Also, decreased in haematological parameters due to the presence of phytochemicals such as phenol, resins, saponins, sterols, tannis and terpenes in the triherbal formula. Therefore, it has potential to induce haematotoxicity hence consumption of high concentrations should be discouraged.","PeriodicalId":18675,"journal":{"name":"Membrane & cell biology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78933676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-25DOI: 10.11648/J.CB.20210901.11
H. Taniura, Shuhei Soeda, Ai Fujii, Mio Morioka, Minori Nakamura, Yui Sano
Sirtuin involves in cellular processes to adapt to starvation in the endocrine and metabolic systems. We examined Sir2B function during early Dictyostelium development upon starvation. GFP-tagged Sir2B was expressed and the immunoreactivity was detected a punctate pattern near cell surface. Sir2B mRNA was expressed in vegetative cells and peaked at 2 h after starvation. Ectopic expression of Sir2B enhanced aggregate formation with increased expressions of cell adhesion molecules such as cadA, csaA, TgrB1, and TgrC1 at 8h compared to those in control cells. Sir2B null-mutant cells (Sir2B KO cells) were generated and they formed aggregates smaller than those of wild-type cells after 24 h. Because cell-cell adhesion affects aggregation size, cell cohesion assay of Sir2B KO cells showed cell-cell adhesion impairment at 8 and 10 h during development, and the expressions of four cell adhesion molecules were reduced in Sir2B KO cells compared to wild-type cells until 8 h after starvation. When RNAi-mediated cadA or csaA knockdown cells (cadA KD or csaA KD cells) were generated, csaA KD cells formed smaller aggregates and affected the expressions of other cell adhesion molecules to reduce, but cadA KD cells did not show to affect aggregation size and cell adhesion molecules expressions apparently. These results suggest that Sir2B is involved in csaA expression and affects other cell adhesion molecules during early development upon starvation.
{"title":"Sir2B, A Sirtuin Family Protein, Involves in Cell Adhesion Molecule Expression During Early Dictyostelium Development Upon Starvation","authors":"H. Taniura, Shuhei Soeda, Ai Fujii, Mio Morioka, Minori Nakamura, Yui Sano","doi":"10.11648/J.CB.20210901.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.CB.20210901.11","url":null,"abstract":"Sirtuin involves in cellular processes to adapt to starvation in the endocrine and metabolic systems. We examined Sir2B function during early Dictyostelium development upon starvation. GFP-tagged Sir2B was expressed and the immunoreactivity was detected a punctate pattern near cell surface. Sir2B mRNA was expressed in vegetative cells and peaked at 2 h after starvation. Ectopic expression of Sir2B enhanced aggregate formation with increased expressions of cell adhesion molecules such as cadA, csaA, TgrB1, and TgrC1 at 8h compared to those in control cells. Sir2B null-mutant cells (Sir2B KO cells) were generated and they formed aggregates smaller than those of wild-type cells after 24 h. Because cell-cell adhesion affects aggregation size, cell cohesion assay of Sir2B KO cells showed cell-cell adhesion impairment at 8 and 10 h during development, and the expressions of four cell adhesion molecules were reduced in Sir2B KO cells compared to wild-type cells until 8 h after starvation. When RNAi-mediated cadA or csaA knockdown cells (cadA KD or csaA KD cells) were generated, csaA KD cells formed smaller aggregates and affected the expressions of other cell adhesion molecules to reduce, but cadA KD cells did not show to affect aggregation size and cell adhesion molecules expressions apparently. These results suggest that Sir2B is involved in csaA expression and affects other cell adhesion molecules during early development upon starvation.","PeriodicalId":18675,"journal":{"name":"Membrane & cell biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76990757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Kurita Group’s Activities to Improve Operating Efficiency of Water Production Facilities Including Reverse Osmosis (RO) Membrane Treatment","authors":"Y. Endo","doi":"10.5360/membrane.46.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5360/membrane.46.241","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18675,"journal":{"name":"Membrane & cell biology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75134853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on Design of Molecules, Materials, and Processes Using Machine Learning","authors":"H. Kaneko","doi":"10.5360/membrane.46.338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5360/membrane.46.338","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18675,"journal":{"name":"Membrane & cell biology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74843640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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