Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.103-107
Ashfaq Ahmad, Salman Mustaan, F. Wahab, M. Ayyaz, A. Sadiq, Sara, Ijaz Hussain
Background: Typhoid or enteric fever is potentially fatal multisystem illness caused by salmonella typhi and Para typhi transmittedthrough consumption of contaminated food and water. Salmonella behave in a wide spectrum of resistance from Multi DrugResistant typhoid to now Extended Drug Resistant typhoid.Objective: To analyze the culture, sensitivity and resistance of salmonella typhi in patients with clinical suspicion of typhoid fever.Material and methods: A cross sectional study was performed on 624 clinically suspected cases of typhoid fever admitted to theinpatient ward facility of Pediatric unit STH Swat from 1st July 2019 to 30th June 2020. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.Results: Out of 624 clinically suspected cases of typhoid fever reported to the Pediatric unit of STH Swat, only 239 cases had apositive blood culture for salmonella typhi during the period of 1 year. Drug resistance pattern of salmonella typhi in our study wasceftriaxone 91.86%, chloramphenicol 83.72% ampicillin 75.58%, co-trimoxazole 72.09%, Quinolones 83.72% , azithromycin55.81%, Cefoperazone/Sulbactum 77.9%, Piperacillin/Tazobactam 65.11%, and meropenem was low at 4.65% and no resistancewas reported to imipenem.Conclusion: In the light of our study the highest resistance of salmonella specie and emergence of XDR typhoid to the i.e. 3rdgeneration cephalosporins and Azithromycin, it is necessary to rationalize the use of antibiotics in acute febrile illness and toeducate the community for vaccination against salmonella typhi, proper sanitation and use of safe water supply . Blood cultureshould be the gold standard test for diagnosis of enteric fever in the first week of illness.Key words: Salmonella typhi, XDR-typhoid
背景:伤寒或肠热是一种潜在致命的多系统疾病，由伤寒沙门氏菌和副伤寒沙门氏菌引起，通过食用受污染的食物和水传播。沙门氏菌表现出广泛的耐药性，从多重耐药伤寒到现在的扩展耐药伤寒。目的:分析临床疑似伤寒患者中伤寒沙门菌的培养、敏感性和耐药性。材料与方法:对2019年7月1日至2020年6月30日在上海Swat小儿科住院病房收治的624例伤寒临床疑似病例进行横断面研究。数据分析使用SPSS version 22。结果:我院儿科1年内报告的624例伤寒临床疑似病例中，仅有239例伤寒沙门氏菌血培养阳性。本研究中伤寒沙门氏菌的耐药格局为头孢曲松91.86%、氯霉素83.72%、氨苄西林75.58%、复方新诺明72.09%、喹诺酮类83.72%、阿奇霉素55.81%、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦77.9%、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦65.11%，美罗培南低，为4.65%，亚胺培南无耐药报告。结论:鉴于沙门氏菌对第3代头孢菌素和阿奇霉素的耐药性最高和广泛耐药伤寒的出现，有必要在急性发热性疾病中合理使用抗生素，并对社区进行伤寒沙门氏菌预防接种、卫生和安全供水的教育。在发病第一周内，血培养应作为诊断肠热的金标准试验。关键词:伤寒沙门氏菌;广泛耐药伤寒
{"title":"Pattern of Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Typhi Isolates with Special Consideration to Extended Drug Resistant Typhoid","authors":"Ashfaq Ahmad, Salman Mustaan, F. Wahab, M. Ayyaz, A. Sadiq, Sara, Ijaz Hussain","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.103-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.103-107","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Typhoid or enteric fever is potentially fatal multisystem illness caused by salmonella typhi and Para typhi transmittedthrough consumption of contaminated food and water. Salmonella behave in a wide spectrum of resistance from Multi DrugResistant typhoid to now Extended Drug Resistant typhoid.Objective: To analyze the culture, sensitivity and resistance of salmonella typhi in patients with clinical suspicion of typhoid fever.Material and methods: A cross sectional study was performed on 624 clinically suspected cases of typhoid fever admitted to theinpatient ward facility of Pediatric unit STH Swat from 1st July 2019 to 30th June 2020. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.Results: Out of 624 clinically suspected cases of typhoid fever reported to the Pediatric unit of STH Swat, only 239 cases had apositive blood culture for salmonella typhi during the period of 1 year. Drug resistance pattern of salmonella typhi in our study wasceftriaxone 91.86%, chloramphenicol 83.72% ampicillin 75.58%, co-trimoxazole 72.09%, Quinolones 83.72% , azithromycin55.81%, Cefoperazone/Sulbactum 77.9%, Piperacillin/Tazobactam 65.11%, and meropenem was low at 4.65% and no resistancewas reported to imipenem.Conclusion: In the light of our study the highest resistance of salmonella specie and emergence of XDR typhoid to the i.e. 3rdgeneration cephalosporins and Azithromycin, it is necessary to rationalize the use of antibiotics in acute febrile illness and toeducate the community for vaccination against salmonella typhi, proper sanitation and use of safe water supply . Blood cultureshould be the gold standard test for diagnosis of enteric fever in the first week of illness.Key words: Salmonella typhi, XDR-typhoid","PeriodicalId":187656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College Swat","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117102506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.78-83
S. Ahsan, A. Orakzai, H. Hussain, M. A. Orakzai, N. Huma
Background: The street children are exposed to many hazards and are prone to ill-health due to unhygienic and harsh livingconditions; they suffer from a wide range of diseases, ranging from common illnesses to growth and nutritional disorders and evenlife threatening conditions.Objective: This study was conducted to assess the common health problems and health status of street children and todetermine the health seeking behaviour of street children in Peshawar.Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted on 385 street children in Peshawar. Study duration wassix months. Non probability, snowball sampling technique was used. Semi structured questionnaire was used as datacollection tool.Results: Respiratory tract illnesses were the most common illness followed by fever and body-aches. 67% of street childrenwere aware of tertiary hospitals. 92.2% of the street children preferred going to Local Health Care worker (LHCW) for theirhealth issues. 30% of the street children had never visited a tertiary hospital. 21 % complained that the cost of health care washigh. 13.3% of the street children reported that the health care centres were overcrowded, 12% complained about long waitingperiod. 7% of the street children complained about the bad attitude of health care workers.Conclusion: The street children suffered from a wide range of ailments. Majority of street children were aware of tertiaryhospitals, yet an overwhelming majority of the street children preferred going to Local Health Care worker (LHCW) for theirhealth issues.Key words: Street children, Health status, Health seeking behaviour
{"title":"Health Status and Health Seeking Behaviour of Street Children in Peshawar","authors":"S. Ahsan, A. Orakzai, H. Hussain, M. A. Orakzai, N. Huma","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.78-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.78-83","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The street children are exposed to many hazards and are prone to ill-health due to unhygienic and harsh livingconditions; they suffer from a wide range of diseases, ranging from common illnesses to growth and nutritional disorders and evenlife threatening conditions.Objective: This study was conducted to assess the common health problems and health status of street children and todetermine the health seeking behaviour of street children in Peshawar.Materials and methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted on 385 street children in Peshawar. Study duration wassix months. Non probability, snowball sampling technique was used. Semi structured questionnaire was used as datacollection tool.Results: Respiratory tract illnesses were the most common illness followed by fever and body-aches. 67% of street childrenwere aware of tertiary hospitals. 92.2% of the street children preferred going to Local Health Care worker (LHCW) for theirhealth issues. 30% of the street children had never visited a tertiary hospital. 21 % complained that the cost of health care washigh. 13.3% of the street children reported that the health care centres were overcrowded, 12% complained about long waitingperiod. 7% of the street children complained about the bad attitude of health care workers.Conclusion: The street children suffered from a wide range of ailments. Majority of street children were aware of tertiaryhospitals, yet an overwhelming majority of the street children preferred going to Local Health Care worker (LHCW) for theirhealth issues.Key words: Street children, Health status, Health seeking behaviour","PeriodicalId":187656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College Swat","volume":"63 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133017701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.118-120
I. Tahir, N. I. Awan, Azam Jan, Naveed Anwar
Button batteries are frequently used in a wide variety of electronic devices like clock, toys, torches and remote controls etc. These rounded and shiny objects are found attractive by children less than 5 years who easily ingest these disc batteries owing to their abundance.
{"title":"Button Battery In Thoracic Esophagus - A Case Report.","authors":"I. Tahir, N. I. Awan, Azam Jan, Naveed Anwar","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.118-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.118-120","url":null,"abstract":"Button batteries are frequently used in a wide variety of electronic devices like clock, toys, torches and remote controls etc. These rounded and shiny objects are found attractive by children less than 5 years who easily ingest these disc batteries owing to their abundance.","PeriodicalId":187656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College Swat","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131345295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.114-117
Ijaz Ali, Syed Alamdar Ali Shah, Aurangzeb Khan, Seema Amin, Tabassum Imran, A. Lal
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by a novel coronavirus now called SARS-CoV-2;formerly called 2019-nCoV, which was first identified amid an outbreak of respiratory illness cases in Wuhan City, Hubei Province,China. Covid-19 is often associated with some complications i.e. cough, fever , myalgia and with some complications like acuterespiratory failure, pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. RT-PCR is an effective method for the diagnosis of Covid-19, the disease is associated with lung injury and need medical attention.Objective: The current study was conducted to estimate COVID-19 prevalence and clinical characteristics in district Swat KhyberPakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.Methods and Materials: The study was conducted by collecting information such as gender, age, and demography of patientsfrom molecular PCR lab SGTH (Saidu group of teaching hospital) from May 14 to May 17, 2020.Results: In this study total 400 patients data were collected of which 36 (72%) males and 14 (28%) females were confirmedCOVID-19 positive, out of confirmed positive 9 (81.8%) were having severe symtoms in males and 2 (18.2%) female. During thisstudy, the highest COVID-19 patient was recorded from SGTH and the mean age of patients was 41.8 ± 8.52(SD) and the highestprevalence was in the age groups of 40-49 and the lowest prevalence was recorded in 20-29 age group in which 32 (64%) patientshave contact with confirmed COVID-19 cases, 8 (14%) have no any contact history and 10 (22%) have unknown history.Conclusion: In this study, the overall prevalence of COVID-19 was 12.5%. The most common symptoms of illness onset werefever (78.0%), cough (62.0%), sore throat (70.0%) and flu (18.0%).Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Covid-19; Pandemic; Real-time Polymerase chain reaction
{"title":"Incidence And Clinical Characteristics of The Novel Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) In District Swat","authors":"Ijaz Ali, Syed Alamdar Ali Shah, Aurangzeb Khan, Seema Amin, Tabassum Imran, A. Lal","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.114-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.114-117","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by a novel coronavirus now called SARS-CoV-2;formerly called 2019-nCoV, which was first identified amid an outbreak of respiratory illness cases in Wuhan City, Hubei Province,China. Covid-19 is often associated with some complications i.e. cough, fever , myalgia and with some complications like acuterespiratory failure, pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. RT-PCR is an effective method for the diagnosis of Covid-19, the disease is associated with lung injury and need medical attention.Objective: The current study was conducted to estimate COVID-19 prevalence and clinical characteristics in district Swat KhyberPakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.Methods and Materials: The study was conducted by collecting information such as gender, age, and demography of patientsfrom molecular PCR lab SGTH (Saidu group of teaching hospital) from May 14 to May 17, 2020.Results: In this study total 400 patients data were collected of which 36 (72%) males and 14 (28%) females were confirmedCOVID-19 positive, out of confirmed positive 9 (81.8%) were having severe symtoms in males and 2 (18.2%) female. During thisstudy, the highest COVID-19 patient was recorded from SGTH and the mean age of patients was 41.8 ± 8.52(SD) and the highestprevalence was in the age groups of 40-49 and the lowest prevalence was recorded in 20-29 age group in which 32 (64%) patientshave contact with confirmed COVID-19 cases, 8 (14%) have no any contact history and 10 (22%) have unknown history.Conclusion: In this study, the overall prevalence of COVID-19 was 12.5%. The most common symptoms of illness onset werefever (78.0%), cough (62.0%), sore throat (70.0%) and flu (18.0%).Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Covid-19; Pandemic; Real-time Polymerase chain reaction","PeriodicalId":187656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College Swat","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116505144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.88-95
H. Khan, Shabir Ahmed Orakzai, Shaista Alam, A. Roghani, Ilyas, M. Naveed, U. Ullah
Background: Patients with transfusion dependent beta thalassemia major develop a number of complications of whichhypogonadism is the most common. In addition, raised serum ferritin level has been associated with hypogonadism.Objective: To determine a correlation between serum ferritin, gonadotrophins and sex hormones in patients with transfusiondependent â-thalassemia syndrome patients.Material and methods: This cross sectional study was designed and conducted at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS),Khyber Medical University (KMU) Peshawar and Fatimid Foundation, blood bank and hematological services Peshawar. Betathalassemia syndrome patients enrolled in the study were 97. Blood samples collected from the study subjects were analyzed atIBMS KMU using chemiluminescence immune assay for determination of serum ferritin and gonadal hormones such as FSH, LH,Estradiol and Testosterone.Results: The mean±SD age of patients was 18.93±3.6 years with a range of 15-32 years. There were 55 (56.7%) males and 42(43.3%) females. Overall hypogonadism was diagnosed in 39 (40.21%) patients. Although we did not find any association betweenserum ferritin level and gonadal function in our study, hypogonadism having males had a higher serum ferritin level (p = 0.02). Astatistically significant negative correlation was found between serum ferritin and serum level of LH, FSH and testosterone in males(p <0.05).Conclusion: The effect of iron overload on serum level of gonadotrophins and gonadal hormones is more pronounced in males ascompared to female thalassemic patients.Keywords: Beta Thalassemia syndrome, Chelation, Ferritin, Hypogonadism, Gonads, Sex Hormones
{"title":"Correlation Between Serum Ferritin and Gonadotrophins and Sex Hormones in Patients with Transfusion Dependent â-Thalassemia","authors":"H. Khan, Shabir Ahmed Orakzai, Shaista Alam, A. Roghani, Ilyas, M. Naveed, U. Ullah","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.88-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.88-95","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patients with transfusion dependent beta thalassemia major develop a number of complications of whichhypogonadism is the most common. In addition, raised serum ferritin level has been associated with hypogonadism.Objective: To determine a correlation between serum ferritin, gonadotrophins and sex hormones in patients with transfusiondependent â-thalassemia syndrome patients.Material and methods: This cross sectional study was designed and conducted at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences (IBMS),Khyber Medical University (KMU) Peshawar and Fatimid Foundation, blood bank and hematological services Peshawar. Betathalassemia syndrome patients enrolled in the study were 97. Blood samples collected from the study subjects were analyzed atIBMS KMU using chemiluminescence immune assay for determination of serum ferritin and gonadal hormones such as FSH, LH,Estradiol and Testosterone.Results: The mean±SD age of patients was 18.93±3.6 years with a range of 15-32 years. There were 55 (56.7%) males and 42(43.3%) females. Overall hypogonadism was diagnosed in 39 (40.21%) patients. Although we did not find any association betweenserum ferritin level and gonadal function in our study, hypogonadism having males had a higher serum ferritin level (p = 0.02). Astatistically significant negative correlation was found between serum ferritin and serum level of LH, FSH and testosterone in males(p <0.05).Conclusion: The effect of iron overload on serum level of gonadotrophins and gonadal hormones is more pronounced in males ascompared to female thalassemic patients.Keywords: Beta Thalassemia syndrome, Chelation, Ferritin, Hypogonadism, Gonads, Sex Hormones","PeriodicalId":187656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College Swat","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121677360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.108-113
Faiza Akram, Syeda Komal Siraj, Azmat Ali, K. Ahmad, R. Naz, Danish Zafar
Background: A number of biopsy techniques have been utilized to procure tissue samples from suspected malignant masses ofbreast. The availability and cost of these techniques varies but they are all associated with significant local trauma. Among them,the fine needle aspiration biopsy is a time-tested low-cost diagnostic test that has been in use for decades.Objective: This study was conducted with an aim to establish the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negativepredictive value of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) for diagnosis of malignancies of breast.Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Radiology Department, in alliance with thedepartments of Surgery and Pathology (outdoor patient and indoor patient)Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from 1st May 2019to 31 December 2019. Initially sixty patients were recruited however histopathology of ten patients were not available so they wereexcluded from final results. Data was collected from 50 females with suspected breast malignancy. The biopsy of breast massusing fine needle aspiration technique under ultrasound guidance was performed on each member of the cohort of fifty patient. Tovalidate the result, each member underwent surgical biopsy (incisional/excisional) thereafter.The results of FNAB was comparedwith the histopathology reports to determine accuracy of FNAB.Results: USG-FNAB was able to correctly diagnose 49 cases in 50 patients with an accuracy of 98%. 25 cases were declared asmalignant while 25 cases were categorized as benign lesion. Out of the 25 negative cases, on histopathology 24 cases werecorrectly diagnosed while 01 case was false negative, on histopathology it proved to be invasive papillary carcinoma.Conclusion: that FNAB is a key preliminary test for the diagnosis of the breast lumps, and when done under ultrasound guidance,the results show a significant correlation with the final histopathology report.Keywords: Biopsy, Carcinoma, Histopathology, Fibroadenoma
{"title":"Validity of Ultrasound Guided FNAB for the Diagnosis of Breast Carcinoma","authors":"Faiza Akram, Syeda Komal Siraj, Azmat Ali, K. Ahmad, R. Naz, Danish Zafar","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.108-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.108-113","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A number of biopsy techniques have been utilized to procure tissue samples from suspected malignant masses ofbreast. The availability and cost of these techniques varies but they are all associated with significant local trauma. Among them,the fine needle aspiration biopsy is a time-tested low-cost diagnostic test that has been in use for decades.Objective: This study was conducted with an aim to establish the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negativepredictive value of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) for diagnosis of malignancies of breast.Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Radiology Department, in alliance with thedepartments of Surgery and Pathology (outdoor patient and indoor patient)Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from 1st May 2019to 31 December 2019. Initially sixty patients were recruited however histopathology of ten patients were not available so they wereexcluded from final results. Data was collected from 50 females with suspected breast malignancy. The biopsy of breast massusing fine needle aspiration technique under ultrasound guidance was performed on each member of the cohort of fifty patient. Tovalidate the result, each member underwent surgical biopsy (incisional/excisional) thereafter.The results of FNAB was comparedwith the histopathology reports to determine accuracy of FNAB.Results: USG-FNAB was able to correctly diagnose 49 cases in 50 patients with an accuracy of 98%. 25 cases were declared asmalignant while 25 cases were categorized as benign lesion. Out of the 25 negative cases, on histopathology 24 cases werecorrectly diagnosed while 01 case was false negative, on histopathology it proved to be invasive papillary carcinoma.Conclusion: that FNAB is a key preliminary test for the diagnosis of the breast lumps, and when done under ultrasound guidance,the results show a significant correlation with the final histopathology report.Keywords: Biopsy, Carcinoma, Histopathology, Fibroadenoma","PeriodicalId":187656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College Swat","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125749231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.61-62
Naeemullah
COVID-19 is a global pandemic1. It has affected almost all countries, territories and communities worldwide and is a global health tragedy of the century after World War II.
{"title":"Covid-19 Vaccination; Where Do We Stand?","authors":"Naeemullah","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.61-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.61-62","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is a global pandemic1. It has affected almost all countries, territories and communities worldwide and is a global health tragedy of the century after World War II.","PeriodicalId":187656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College Swat","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123004562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.73-77
Samiullah, M. Ayub, Muhammad Saeed, Aleem ur Rasheed, Aminullah, Saddar Raheem
Background: Acute Kidney injury(AKI) is one of the common diseases that's affect more than 13 million people annually. Diabetesmellitus, hypertension, upper respiratory tract infection, septic shock and nephrotoxic agents are significant risk factors for AcuteKidney Injury.Material and Methods: This case control study was doneon 200 urinary tract infected (UTI). The inclusion criteria for cases werepatients with Acute Kidney Injury age above 15 years, both genders, diagnosed urinary tract infection. Controls were similar tocases except without Acute Kidney Injury. Demographics and risk factors for Acute Kidney Injury were recorded. We use Student ttest compare continuous variable. For categorical variables we used Chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression was carriedusing Acute Kidney Injury as dependent variable and risk factors as independent variables. P=0.05 was considered significant.Objectives: To determine significant risk factors for acute kidney injury.Results: The male were 87(43.5%) and female were 113(56.5%). The mean age of the study was 45.19±16.2 years. Thefrequency of diabetes mellitus (P=.008), hypertension (P<.001), upper respiratory tract infection (P=.030), septic shock (P=.011)and nephrotoxic agents (P=.013) were more in cases than controls and results were statistically significant. Positive associationwas found for Acute Kidney Injury with increasing age (OR=1.06; 95% CI=1.017, 1.105), serum creatinine (OR=5.9; 95% CI=2.85,12.55). There was negative association between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and Acute Kidney Injury (OR=0.92; 95%CI=0.888, 0.953).Conclusion: After controlling confounding factors through multivariate analysis the increasing age, serum creatinine and low GFRwere significant risk factor for acute kidney injury.Keywords: Acute kidney injury, risk factors, urinary tract infection, serum creatinine
背景:急性肾损伤(AKI)是每年影响超过1300万人的常见疾病之一。糖尿病、高血压、上呼吸道感染、感染性休克和肾毒性药物是急性肾损伤的重要危险因素。材料与方法:对200例尿路感染患者进行病例对照研究。病例纳入标准为年龄在15岁以上的急性肾损伤患者，男女均可，诊断为尿路感染。除无急性肾损伤外，对照组与病例相似。记录急性肾损伤的人口统计学和危险因素。我们使用学生测试比较连续变量。对于分类变量，我们使用卡方检验。以急性肾损伤为因变量，危险因素为自变量，进行多因素logistic回归分析。P=0.05为差异有统计学意义。目的:探讨急性肾损伤的重要危险因素。结果:男性87例(43.5%)，女性113例(56.5%)。患者平均年龄45.19±16.2岁。糖尿病(P= 0.008)、高血压(P< 0.001)、上呼吸道感染(P= 0.030)、感染性休克(P= 0.011)、肾毒性药物(P= 0.013)发生率高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义。急性肾损伤与年龄的增长呈正相关(OR=1.06;95% CI=1.017, 1.105)，血清肌酐(OR=5.9;95% CI = 2.85, 12.55)。肾小球滤过率(GFR)与急性肾损伤呈负相关(OR=0.92;95% ci = 0.888, 0.953)。结论:通过多因素分析控制混杂因素后，年龄增大、血清肌酐和gfr低是急性肾损伤的重要危险因素。关键词:急性肾损伤，危险因素，尿路感染，血清肌酐
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Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.2.84-87
M. Kashif, Jehangir Khan, Niaz Uddin, Z. Ullah, M. Rashid
Background: Infantile hemangiomas are the most common vascular tumors in infants and the most common benign soft-tissuetumors in infants and children with a prevalence of 4-10%. Most of the haemangiomas are self-resolving by the age of 7 years butfew present as a challenge for management. Up to 30% require treatment like systemic corticosteroids, laser therapy, interferon-a,cryotherapy, embolization, radiotherapy, and intralesional sclerotherapy, all showing variable results. Since 2008 propranolol iseffective in the management of challenging cases. At present, although many international and national studies have been done toevaluate different treatment modalities of infantile hemangioma, none is done in our local setups. Moreover, there is no specificagreed dose or guidelines. for the use of propranolol in the management of infantile hemangioma for which our results can help.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of propranolol in the management of infantile hemangioma in ourpopulation to help in developing a proper dose regime with minimum adverse effects.Materials And Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted in the department of Pediatric surgery Bacha KhanMedical Complex, Swabi, Pakistan. The duration of the study was 26 months. After detailed history and investigation, the patientswere started on a lower dose (1mg/kg/day in three divided doses) of propranolol and observed for six hours in the ward. After oneweek the dose was increased (2 mg/kg/day in three divided doses). The outcome was presented in terms of the percentage ofregression of the mass as effective or non-effective.Results: A total of 18 patients were treated with propranolol with a male to female ratio of 1:4. All patients tolerated the dose and hadminimal side effects. All patients responded to the treatment with some early responders (n=16, 88.8%) while others respondinglate.Conclusion: Our study showed that propranolol starting at a low dose after six months of age with gradually increasing it can havea good outcome with minimal side effects. Hence looking at its safety, we can say that propranolol can be given for small and nonproblematic hemangiomas as well.Keywords: Infantile Hemangioma, therapeutic effect, propranolol
{"title":"Role of Propranolol in Management of Infantile Haemangioma: Our Experience","authors":"M. Kashif, Jehangir Khan, Niaz Uddin, Z. Ullah, M. Rashid","doi":"10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.2.84-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/JSMC.2021.11.2.84-87","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infantile hemangiomas are the most common vascular tumors in infants and the most common benign soft-tissuetumors in infants and children with a prevalence of 4-10%. Most of the haemangiomas are self-resolving by the age of 7 years butfew present as a challenge for management. Up to 30% require treatment like systemic corticosteroids, laser therapy, interferon-a,cryotherapy, embolization, radiotherapy, and intralesional sclerotherapy, all showing variable results. Since 2008 propranolol iseffective in the management of challenging cases. At present, although many international and national studies have been done toevaluate different treatment modalities of infantile hemangioma, none is done in our local setups. Moreover, there is no specificagreed dose or guidelines. for the use of propranolol in the management of infantile hemangioma for which our results can help.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of propranolol in the management of infantile hemangioma in ourpopulation to help in developing a proper dose regime with minimum adverse effects.Materials And Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted in the department of Pediatric surgery Bacha KhanMedical Complex, Swabi, Pakistan. The duration of the study was 26 months. After detailed history and investigation, the patientswere started on a lower dose (1mg/kg/day in three divided doses) of propranolol and observed for six hours in the ward. After oneweek the dose was increased (2 mg/kg/day in three divided doses). The outcome was presented in terms of the percentage ofregression of the mass as effective or non-effective.Results: A total of 18 patients were treated with propranolol with a male to female ratio of 1:4. All patients tolerated the dose and hadminimal side effects. All patients responded to the treatment with some early responders (n=16, 88.8%) while others respondinglate.Conclusion: Our study showed that propranolol starting at a low dose after six months of age with gradually increasing it can havea good outcome with minimal side effects. Hence looking at its safety, we can say that propranolol can be given for small and nonproblematic hemangiomas as well.Keywords: Infantile Hemangioma, therapeutic effect, propranolol","PeriodicalId":187656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College Swat","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116283274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.96-102
Farzana Daniel, N. Ghani, S. Ali, M. Suliman
Background: Developing countries are facing maternal and infant mortalities, in which maternal infections and preventable conditions during pregnancy are cardinal factors. In low-income countries, mortality related to hospital infections accounts for 36% of total newborn mortality. Despite, patient care and global progress in reducing maternal mortality, sepsis is still a major cause of preventable maternal mortality. Pakistan's health care system is not adequately prepared, especially for workers to transit from an emergency haphazard care to organize proper standardized care. Objectives: To determine the impact of mental disorders in terms of discrimination and stigmatization. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in psychiatry units of three tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data was collected from 432 participants through a structured questionnaire using a convenient sampling technique. The duration of the study was six months. Data were analyzed using SPSS V.23. Results: The mean ages of the participants are 34±4. 45.6% of participants were married, while 54.19% were unemployed. 19.9% quit their job due to disease. 52% reported mental health adversely affected their relationships with family members. Moreover, 65.05% of people reported that their overall socializing skills have been negatively affected by the mental illness-related stigma. 72.9% of the participants reported that they are stigmatized due to their mental health disorders. Conclusion: It is noted that a large number of people are being stigmatized due to their mental illness. This stigma is affecting their lives, especially their family dynamics, educational attainments and behavior of peers at their workplace. The disease process disturbed the education, employment and social status of mentally disordered patients.Keywords: Depression, Mental Disorders, Stigmatization, Discrimination.
{"title":"Impact of Mental Disorders in Terms of Discrimination and Stigmatization: A Cross-Sectional Study in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.","authors":"Farzana Daniel, N. Ghani, S. Ali, M. Suliman","doi":"10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.96-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2021.11.2.96-102","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Developing countries are facing maternal and infant mortalities, in which maternal infections and preventable conditions during pregnancy are cardinal factors. In low-income countries, mortality related to hospital infections accounts for 36% of total newborn mortality. Despite, patient care and global progress in reducing maternal mortality, sepsis is still a major cause of preventable maternal mortality. Pakistan's health care system is not adequately prepared, especially for workers to transit from an emergency haphazard care to organize proper standardized care. Objectives: To determine the impact of mental disorders in terms of discrimination and stigmatization. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in psychiatry units of three tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data was collected from 432 participants through a structured questionnaire using a convenient sampling technique. The duration of the study was six months. Data were analyzed using SPSS V.23. Results: The mean ages of the participants are 34±4. 45.6% of participants were married, while 54.19% were unemployed. 19.9% quit their job due to disease. 52% reported mental health adversely affected their relationships with family members. Moreover, 65.05% of people reported that their overall socializing skills have been negatively affected by the mental illness-related stigma. 72.9% of the participants reported that they are stigmatized due to their mental health disorders. Conclusion: It is noted that a large number of people are being stigmatized due to their mental illness. This stigma is affecting their lives, especially their family dynamics, educational attainments and behavior of peers at their workplace. The disease process disturbed the education, employment and social status of mentally disordered patients.Keywords: Depression, Mental Disorders, Stigmatization, Discrimination.","PeriodicalId":187656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saidu Medical College Swat","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129864099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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