In spite of increasing standardization, some variations in preparation, fixation and staining methods still occur between different laboratories. A clear understanding of these techniques is mandatory to optimize the quality of cytological smears. Many readytouse commercial kits are now available that produce reliable and consistent staining; indeed, automation in various forms has improved efficiency in the cytopathology laboratory. New liquidbased technologies can produce monolayered cell samples, eliminate background and provide optimal concentration of epithelial cells. Some of these are based on vacuum filtration, others on density gradient centrifugation. In addition to conventional staining techniques, they also allow human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing, histochemistry, immunocytochemistry, and other special studies. The basic techniques of cytopreparation are summarized in this chapter with an overview of laboratory processing.
{"title":"Cytopathological techniques for the diagnosis of glandular lesions of the genital tract.","authors":"Matías Jiménez-Ayala, Beatriz Jiménez-Ayala Portillo","doi":"10.1159/000319832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000319832","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of increasing standardization, some variations in preparation, fixation and staining methods still occur between different laboratories. A clear understanding of these techniques is mandatory to optimize the quality of cytological smears. Many readytouse commercial kits are now available that produce reliable and consistent staining; indeed, automation in various forms has improved efficiency in the cytopathology laboratory. New liquidbased technologies can produce monolayered cell samples, eliminate background and provide optimal concentration of epithelial cells. Some of these are based on vacuum filtration, others on density gradient centrifugation. In addition to conventional staining techniques, they also allow human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing, histochemistry, immunocytochemistry, and other special studies. The basic techniques of cytopreparation are summarized in this chapter with an overview of laboratory processing.","PeriodicalId":18805,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in clinical cytology","volume":"20 ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000319832","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29536958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Glandular lesions of the fallopian tube.","authors":"Matías Jiménez-Ayala, Beatriz Jiménez-Ayala Portillo","doi":"10.1159/000319905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000319905","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18805,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in clinical cytology","volume":"20 ","pages":"87-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000319905","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29536968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cytopathology of the malignant invasive lesions of the endocervix.","authors":"Matías Jiménez-Ayala, Beatriz Jiménez-Ayala Portillo","doi":"10.1159/000319858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000319858","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18805,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in clinical cytology","volume":"20 ","pages":"34-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000319858","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29536963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Endometrial adenocarcinoma: current status and future of prevention and early diagnosis.","authors":"Matías Jiménez-Ayala, Beatriz Jiménez-Ayala Portillo","doi":"10.1159/000319867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000319867","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18805,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in clinical cytology","volume":"20 ","pages":"52-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29536965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cytopathology of ovarian lesions: the intraoperative approach.","authors":"Matías Jiménez-Ayala, Beatriz Jiménez-Ayala Portillo","doi":"10.1159/000319869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000319869","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18805,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in clinical cytology","volume":"20 ","pages":"60-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000319869","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29536966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01Epub Date: 2009-09-23DOI: 10.1159/000242490
Måns Åkerman, Henryk A Domanski, Kjell Jonsson
{"title":"Lymphohaematopoetic and histiocytic tumours.","authors":"Måns Åkerman, Henryk A Domanski, Kjell Jonsson","doi":"10.1159/000242490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000242490","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18805,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in clinical cytology","volume":"19 ","pages":"65-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000242490","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28653239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01Epub Date: 2009-09-23DOI: 10.1159/000242481
Måns Åkerman, Henryk A Domanski, Kjell Jonsson
{"title":"Morphological diagnosis of bone tumours.","authors":"Måns Åkerman, Henryk A Domanski, Kjell Jonsson","doi":"10.1159/000242481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000242481","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18805,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in clinical cytology","volume":"19 ","pages":"7-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000242481","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28653231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01Epub Date: 2009-09-23DOI: 10.1159/000242485
Måns Åkerman, Henryk A Domanski, Kjell Jonsson
Chondromas are benign tumours of hyaline cartilage. The enchondromas are tumours of the medullary bone while periosteal (juxtacortical) chondromas arise from the periosteum. Enchondromas are common bone tumours with a wide age distribution, although the majority of patients are 20–40 years of age. Almost 50% of surgically removed enchondromas occur in the small bones of the hands and feet. The second commonest sites are the proximal part of the humerus and the proximal and distal femur. Enchondromas of the hands and feet are typically palpable and sometimes painful tumours. However, these tumours are commonly first discovered when a mild to moderate trauma causes a fracture. Multiple enchondromas are designated as enchondromatosis or Ollier’s disease. Periosteal chondromas are less common than enchondromas and are most common in the long bones.
{"title":"Cytological features of bone tumours in FNA smears II: cartilaginous tumours.","authors":"Måns Åkerman, Henryk A Domanski, Kjell Jonsson","doi":"10.1159/000242485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000242485","url":null,"abstract":"Chondromas are benign tumours of hyaline cartilage. The enchondromas are tumours of the medullary bone while periosteal (juxtacortical) chondromas arise from the periosteum. Enchondromas are common bone tumours with a wide age distribution, although the majority of patients are 20–40 years of age. Almost 50% of surgically removed enchondromas occur in the small bones of the hands and feet. The second commonest sites are the proximal part of the humerus and the proximal and distal femur. Enchondromas of the hands and feet are typically palpable and sometimes painful tumours. However, these tumours are commonly first discovered when a mild to moderate trauma causes a fracture. Multiple enchondromas are designated as enchondromatosis or Ollier’s disease. Periosteal chondromas are less common than enchondromas and are most common in the long bones.","PeriodicalId":18805,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in clinical cytology","volume":"19 ","pages":"31-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000242485","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28653234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01Epub Date: 2009-09-23DOI: 10.1159/000242487
Måns Åkerman, Henryk A Domanski, Kjell Jonsson
Radiology See figure 47. Chordomas are often difficult to diagnose by conventional radiology, due to the fact that bowel gas and content obscure the outlining of the sacrum. Large chordomas may be overlooked. CT and MRI are the methods of choice to diagnose and to outline these tumours. In the sacrum the tumour destroys the cortex of the anterior and posterior faces, often with a large soft tissue component. Calcifications are commonly found. When chordomas occur in a vertebra, the radiological findings are those of bone destruction. Whichever the site, there is often growth into the spinal canal.
{"title":"Cytological features of bone tumours in FNA smears IV: notochordal tumours.","authors":"Måns Åkerman, Henryk A Domanski, Kjell Jonsson","doi":"10.1159/000242487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000242487","url":null,"abstract":"Radiology See figure 47. Chordomas are often difficult to diagnose by conventional radiology, due to the fact that bowel gas and content obscure the outlining of the sacrum. Large chordomas may be overlooked. CT and MRI are the methods of choice to diagnose and to outline these tumours. In the sacrum the tumour destroys the cortex of the anterior and posterior faces, often with a large soft tissue component. Calcifications are commonly found. When chordomas occur in a vertebra, the radiological findings are those of bone destruction. Whichever the site, there is often growth into the spinal canal.","PeriodicalId":18805,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in clinical cytology","volume":"19 ","pages":"51-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000242487","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28653236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-01Epub Date: 2009-09-23DOI: 10.1159/000242489
Måns Åkerman, Henryk A Domanski, Kjell Jonsson
{"title":"Rare targets for FNAC and diagnostic problems with benign tumours/lesions with variable numbers of osteoclast-like giant cells.","authors":"Måns Åkerman, Henryk A Domanski, Kjell Jonsson","doi":"10.1159/000242489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000242489","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18805,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in clinical cytology","volume":"19 ","pages":"62-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000242489","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28653238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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