Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.176-185
T. Kotkova, L. Dovbish
The article presents the results of experimental studies on the effect of foliar fertilization of winter wheat plants of sort Amandus with complex water-soluble fertilizers NAIS grain and Accelerator Micro on the background of N100Р58К100 on grain yield and quality. The research was conducted at Normagro LLC, Berdychiv district, Zhitomir region. The experiment included fertilizing winter wheat plants at the IV-V stages of crop organogenesis. The research was conducted on gray forest loamy soils. The use of these fertilizers proved to be quite effective. Compared with the background, the addition of conventional fertilizer with the studied fertilizers contributed to the increase in ear length and increase in the number of ears in the ear. The effect of using Акселератор Мікро was especially noticeable. The addition of background doses of fertilizers to the studied foliar fertilizers in our experiment affected the mass fraction of the crop, as evidenced by the data. At fertilizer N100P58K100 – received a crop – 6,08 t/ha, at N100P58K100 + «NAIS grain», 1,5 l/ha – productivity was 6,56 t/ha, at N100P58K100 + «Accelerator Micro» 1,5 kg/ha – 6,78 t/ha. In addition, the effect of combining the usual doses of fertilizers with foliar fertilization on the formation of the structure of the ear of wheat was studied. Among the studied parameters were the weight of one ear, the weight of 1000 grains, the nature of the grain. The weight of the ear with fertilizer N100R58K100 was –1,12 g, with N100R58K100 + «NAIS grain» (1,5 l/ha) – 1,17 g, and with N100P58K100 + «Accelerator Micro» (1,5 kg/ha) – 1,21 g, weight of 1000 grains – 42,3 g, 45,6 g, 48,9 g and nature of grain – 735 g/l, 745 g/l, 751 g/l respectively. The effect of the use of these fertilizers on the quality of the grain seed, in particular on the content of protein, gluten, ash and glassiness of the grain, was positive. A significant increase was obtained with the use of «Accelerator Micro», compared with «NAIS grain».
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF WINTER WHEAT PLANTS’ FOLIAR ERTILIZATION ON CROP’S YIELD AND QUALITY","authors":"T. Kotkova, L. Dovbish","doi":"10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.176-185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.176-185","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of experimental studies on the effect of foliar fertilization of winter wheat plants of sort Amandus with complex water-soluble fertilizers NAIS grain and Accelerator Micro on the background of N100Р58К100 on grain yield and quality. The research was conducted at Normagro LLC, Berdychiv district, Zhitomir region. The experiment included fertilizing winter wheat plants at the IV-V stages of crop organogenesis. The research was conducted on gray forest loamy soils. The use of these fertilizers proved to be quite effective. Compared with the background, the addition of conventional fertilizer with the studied fertilizers contributed to the increase in ear length and increase in the number of ears in the ear. The effect of using Акселератор Мікро was especially noticeable. The addition of background doses of fertilizers to the studied foliar fertilizers in our experiment affected the mass fraction of the crop, as evidenced by the data. At fertilizer N100P58K100 – received a crop – 6,08 t/ha, at N100P58K100 + «NAIS grain», 1,5 l/ha – productivity was 6,56 t/ha, at N100P58K100 + «Accelerator Micro» 1,5 kg/ha – 6,78 t/ha. In addition, the effect of combining the usual doses of fertilizers with foliar fertilization on the formation of the structure of the ear of wheat was studied. Among the studied parameters were the weight of one ear, the weight of 1000 grains, the nature of the grain. The weight of the ear with fertilizer N100R58K100 was –1,12 g, with N100R58K100 + «NAIS grain» (1,5 l/ha) – 1,17 g, and with N100P58K100 + «Accelerator Micro» (1,5 kg/ha) – 1,21 g, weight of 1000 grains – 42,3 g, 45,6 g, 48,9 g and nature of grain – 735 g/l, 745 g/l, 751 g/l respectively. The effect of the use of these fertilizers on the quality of the grain seed, in particular on the content of protein, gluten, ash and glassiness of the grain, was positive. A significant increase was obtained with the use of «Accelerator Micro», compared with «NAIS grain».","PeriodicalId":188435,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136253163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.24-38
O. Govorun, O. Ptashenchuk
This work presents the results of the analysis of literature sources and the results of own research on the Lepidoptera of the Nature Reserve “Mykhailivska tsilyna”. In total, during 2019-2023, about 800 specimens of lepidopterans were collected on the reserve territory. The work presents a generalized list of lepidopteran species documented on the territory of the reserve which is supplemented by the results of research over the past three years. Since the Nature Reserve foundation in 2009, livestock grazing has been banned and haying areas have been limited, which has led to significant overgrowth and forestation of reserve’s territory. In some places the crown closure of the new stands reaches more than 70%. The data obtained by us on the group of pyralid butterflies of the reserve indicate a small proportion of the steppe component in their fauna. Unfortunately, we are not able to compare the data over a long period of time - before 2015, even if there were any studies on this group, they were of a non-systematic nature. Currently, the fauna of the lepidoptera registered by us in the Nature Reserve “Mykhailivska tsilyna”, as well as those reported in the literature, includes 340 species from 18 family groups.
The work planned in the territory organization project to reduce tree growth and remove forest strips are likely to reduce biodiversity in this area. At the same time, further overgrowth of the steppe will reduce the number or loss of butterfly species whose development is associated with steppe vegetation. In our opinion, it is necessary to stop and prevent further forestation of the reserved area. This can be done by applying one of the following methods: periodic mowing of the steppe areas that are still preserved; moderate cattle grazing; release of a wild population of large ungulates into the territory and ensuring their living conditions; periodic controlled burning of certain areas in the fall. However the current environmental legislation prohibits the use of all of the above methods on the territory of nature reserves.
{"title":"LEPIDOPTERA OF THE MYKHAILIVSKA TSILYNA NATURE RESERVE","authors":"O. Govorun, O. Ptashenchuk","doi":"10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.24-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.24-38","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the results of the analysis of literature sources and the results of own research on the Lepidoptera of the Nature Reserve “Mykhailivska tsilyna”. In total, during 2019-2023, about 800 specimens of lepidopterans were collected on the reserve territory. The work presents a generalized list of lepidopteran species documented on the territory of the reserve which is supplemented by the results of research over the past three years. Since the Nature Reserve foundation in 2009, livestock grazing has been banned and haying areas have been limited, which has led to significant overgrowth and forestation of reserve’s territory. In some places the crown closure of the new stands reaches more than 70%. The data obtained by us on the group of pyralid butterflies of the reserve indicate a small proportion of the steppe component in their fauna. Unfortunately, we are not able to compare the data over a long period of time - before 2015, even if there were any studies on this group, they were of a non-systematic nature. Currently, the fauna of the lepidoptera registered by us in the Nature Reserve “Mykhailivska tsilyna”, as well as those reported in the literature, includes 340 species from 18 family groups.
 The work planned in the territory organization project to reduce tree growth and remove forest strips are likely to reduce biodiversity in this area. At the same time, further overgrowth of the steppe will reduce the number or loss of butterfly species whose development is associated with steppe vegetation. In our opinion, it is necessary to stop and prevent further forestation of the reserved area. This can be done by applying one of the following methods: periodic mowing of the steppe areas that are still preserved; moderate cattle grazing; release of a wild population of large ungulates into the territory and ensuring their living conditions; periodic controlled burning of certain areas in the fall. However the current environmental legislation prohibits the use of all of the above methods on the territory of nature reserves.","PeriodicalId":188435,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136253402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.91-101
G. Kyrychuk, L. Muzyka, L. Astahova
Currently the pollution of natural waters by heavy metal ions is a particularly serious problem which results in the disruption of the balance of food chains and the overall ecosystem balance. In this regard the study of the reaction of the biotic components of the hydroecosystem to toxic effects is relevant, and will allow to expand the understanding of the adaptive mechanisms of aquatic organisms and to determine sensitive test objects and test functions for assessing the degree of pollution of natural waters.
The influence of chromium ions (Cr3+ and Cr2O72-) in concentrations corresponding to 0.5 and 2 TLV in fish farming water basins was studied based on the concentration of xanthophylls in hemolymph, hepatopancreas, mantle and leg of Lymnaea stagnalis, which is a permanent component of most hydrobiocenoses of Zhytomyr Polissia. The dynamics of the discussed carotenoids at different durations of exposure (2, 7, 14 and 21 days) of the studied shellfish in a toxic environment were observed.
It was found that 48-hour exposure of shellfish in solutions of chromium ions (Cr3+ and Cr2O72- ) regardless of their concentration (0.5 and 2 TLV) causes 2.45–3.23 times increase of xanthophylls in all the studied organs and tissues of L. stagnalis (p ≤ 0.001) which indicates the development of an immediate reaction of animals to toxic elements. Further prolongation of exposure to chromium ions (7, 14, and 21 days) resulted in non-linear organ-dependent dynamics of the xanthophyll content which is related to the specificity of the action of ions, the duration of exposure of animals to toxic solutions, and the metabolic features of the studied organs and tissues. It is shown that the content of xanthophylls in the body of L. stagnalis is characterized by tissue-organ specificity. The minimum amounts of the discussed carotenoid were recorded in the hemolymph of animals and the maximum values varied significantly between the studied components depending on the experimental conditions.
{"title":"XANTHOPHYLL CONCENTRATION IN LYMNAEA STAGNALIS CAUSED BY CHROMIUM IONS","authors":"G. Kyrychuk, L. Muzyka, L. Astahova","doi":"10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.91-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.91-101","url":null,"abstract":"Currently the pollution of natural waters by heavy metal ions is a particularly serious problem which results in the disruption of the balance of food chains and the overall ecosystem balance. In this regard the study of the reaction of the biotic components of the hydroecosystem to toxic effects is relevant, and will allow to expand the understanding of the adaptive mechanisms of aquatic organisms and to determine sensitive test objects and test functions for assessing the degree of pollution of natural waters.
 The influence of chromium ions (Cr3+ and Cr2O72-) in concentrations corresponding to 0.5 and 2 TLV in fish farming water basins was studied based on the concentration of xanthophylls in hemolymph, hepatopancreas, mantle and leg of Lymnaea stagnalis, which is a permanent component of most hydrobiocenoses of Zhytomyr Polissia. The dynamics of the discussed carotenoids at different durations of exposure (2, 7, 14 and 21 days) of the studied shellfish in a toxic environment were observed.
 It was found that 48-hour exposure of shellfish in solutions of chromium ions (Cr3+ and Cr2O72- ) regardless of their concentration (0.5 and 2 TLV) causes 2.45–3.23 times increase of xanthophylls in all the studied organs and tissues of L. stagnalis (p ≤ 0.001) which indicates the development of an immediate reaction of animals to toxic elements. Further prolongation of exposure to chromium ions (7, 14, and 21 days) resulted in non-linear organ-dependent dynamics of the xanthophyll content which is related to the specificity of the action of ions, the duration of exposure of animals to toxic solutions, and the metabolic features of the studied organs and tissues. It is shown that the content of xanthophylls in the body of L. stagnalis is characterized by tissue-organ specificity. The minimum amounts of the discussed carotenoid were recorded in the hemolymph of animals and the maximum values varied significantly between the studied components depending on the experimental conditions.","PeriodicalId":188435,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136253162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.167-175
B. Matviichuk, N. Matviichuk, N. Korevo
The article highlights the results of research on over-compaction of the arable layer of the soil during the cultivation of winter wheat. When taking care of winter crops, the greater part of the researched fields begins to be affected by various technical measures in the fall, when at the beginning of September, the corresponding areas are prepared for sowing the crop after harvesting one or another predecessor. As a result, the agronomic value of the fields where the leading culture of modern agriculture of our country is grown is significantly reduced, as well as the productive capacity of the root system of winter wheat significantly deteriorates, which is reflected in a correspondingly negative way on the quality characteristics of plants and harvest.
In the studies that took place during 2018-2021, it was established that the method of the main tillage of the soil, namely its depth and the terms of determination in the arable layer, significantly influenced the final bulk mass of its layers. A rather significant deterioration of the structural agrophysical state of the soil and an increase in the hardness of the latter in variants with shallow disc tillage by 10-12 cm is explained, first of all, by the formation of a large dispersion of its seed layer (0-10 cm) and compaction of layers of 10-20 cm in comparison with shelfless plowing.
According to the research results, it was established that in all layers of the soil, when the latter was worked with disc harrows of the BDT-3 type, on average, its volume mass increased in the following parameters compared to tillage: 0-10 cm - by 0.13 g/cm3; 10-20 cm - by 0.09 g/cm3; 20-30 cm - by 0.01 g/cm3 and 0-30 cm, respectively, by 0.09 g/cm3.
Thus, our research has proven the preservation of the regularity of a larger volumetric mass of the soil when performing a shallow disc tillage of 10-12 cm in comparison with plowing without a shelf of 14-16 cm.
本文重点介绍了冬小麦种植过程中土壤耕层过度压实的研究成果。在照顾冬季作物时，大部分研究田在秋季开始受到各种技术措施的影响，此时在9月初，相应的地区在收获了一种或另一种前代作物后准备播种。因此，我国现代农业主导文化种植地的农艺价值显著降低，冬小麦根系生产能力显著恶化，对植株品质特性和收成产生相应的负面影响。
在2018-2021年期间进行的研究中，确定了土壤的主要耕作方法，即其深度和可耕地层的测定条件，对其各层的最终体积质量有显著影响。在10-12 cm的浅盘耕作中，土壤结构农业物理状态的显著恶化和后者硬度的增加，首先是由于其种子层(0-10 cm)的大量分散和10-20 cm层的压实，与无架耕作相比。
研究结果表明，在所有土层中，使用BDT-3型盘耙耕作时，其体积质量比耕作平均增加了以下参数:0-10 cm -增加了0.13 g/cm3;10-20 cm - 0.09 g/cm3;20-30 cm -分别减少0.01 g/cm3和0-30 cm -分别减少0.09 g/cm3。因此，我们的研究已经证明，在进行10-12厘米的浅盘耕作时，与没有14-16厘米的搁板耕作相比，保存了较大体积质量的土壤的规律性。
{"title":"DENSITY OF THE STRUCTURE AND HARDNESS OF THE SOIL FOR GROWING WINTER WHEAT","authors":"B. Matviichuk, N. Matviichuk, N. Korevo","doi":"10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.167-175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.167-175","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the results of research on over-compaction of the arable layer of the soil during the cultivation of winter wheat. When taking care of winter crops, the greater part of the researched fields begins to be affected by various technical measures in the fall, when at the beginning of September, the corresponding areas are prepared for sowing the crop after harvesting one or another predecessor. As a result, the agronomic value of the fields where the leading culture of modern agriculture of our country is grown is significantly reduced, as well as the productive capacity of the root system of winter wheat significantly deteriorates, which is reflected in a correspondingly negative way on the quality characteristics of plants and harvest.
 In the studies that took place during 2018-2021, it was established that the method of the main tillage of the soil, namely its depth and the terms of determination in the arable layer, significantly influenced the final bulk mass of its layers. A rather significant deterioration of the structural agrophysical state of the soil and an increase in the hardness of the latter in variants with shallow disc tillage by 10-12 cm is explained, first of all, by the formation of a large dispersion of its seed layer (0-10 cm) and compaction of layers of 10-20 cm in comparison with shelfless plowing.
 According to the research results, it was established that in all layers of the soil, when the latter was worked with disc harrows of the BDT-3 type, on average, its volume mass increased in the following parameters compared to tillage: 0-10 cm - by 0.13 g/cm3; 10-20 cm - by 0.09 g/cm3; 20-30 cm - by 0.01 g/cm3 and 0-30 cm, respectively, by 0.09 g/cm3.
 Thus, our research has proven the preservation of the regularity of a larger volumetric mass of the soil when performing a shallow disc tillage of 10-12 cm in comparison with plowing without a shelf of 14-16 cm.","PeriodicalId":188435,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136253398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.59-75
L. Horalskyi, I. Sokulskiy, R. Romaniuk, N. Kolesnik
The rapidly changing ecological situation implies a high level of adaptation capabilities of the animal organism to the realities of the environment. In the conditions of animal husbandry, this is possible only with regular monitoring of the morphological state of organs and systems, especially the respiratory system, which is actively influenced by the features of housing, atmospheric air, feeding, as well as the medical and preventive measures that are carried out. Therefore, the functioning of the lungs as an open morphofunctional system directly depends on the nature of their dynamic interaction with a complex complex of physical and chemical environmental factors. In this regard, there is an obvious need for a detailed study of the macro- and micromorphology of the respiratory organs, since such organs are a system by which the body "builds itself from environmental conditions". It is also necessary to take into account that this system occupies one of the leading positions in ensuring the optimal level of functioning of the body, since the animal's development, metabolic processes, and its state of health largely depend on its work. Establishing the macro- and micromorphological features of the respiratory system is the foundation for preventive and therapeutic measures. The respiratory system ensures the intake of oxygen into the body and the excretion of carbon dioxide from it, and the gas exchange between blood and air.
The scientific article is devoted to the study of the macro- and micromorphological features of the lungs of a sexually mature horse - Equus Feruscaballus L., 1758. With the help of anatomical preparation and macroscopic, histological, morphometric and statistical methods of research, the morphology of the lungs was investigated and their belonging to a certain anatomical type was determined. As a result of the research, the partial structure of the lungs was determined, their topography, shape, dimensions, branching of the bronchi of the bronchial tree, results of organometry (absolute and relative lung mass), morphometric assessment of their morphological structures, asymmetry coefficient, etc. were determined.
According to the results of morphological studies, the characteristic morphological features of the macro- and microscopic structure of the lungs of a mature horse were revealed according to the class, age and species of animals. The presence of individual morphological features in the lobular structure of the lungs of horses was revealed. In particular, there are only two lobes in the left lung (cranial and caudal), and three lobes in the right lung (cranial, caudal and additional). The alveolar tree of the lungs of horses is shortened, wide and has a vesicular structure.
The conducted research to a certain extent expands and supplements information about the species, breed and morphological features of the anatomical and histological structure of the lungs in domestic animals and is important
{"title":"GENERAL REGULATIONS OF MACRO-AND MICROMORPHOLOGY OF THE LUNGS OF A MATURE HORSE (EQUUS FERUSCABALLUS L., 1758)","authors":"L. Horalskyi, I. Sokulskiy, R. Romaniuk, N. Kolesnik","doi":"10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.59-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.59-75","url":null,"abstract":"The rapidly changing ecological situation implies a high level of adaptation capabilities of the animal organism to the realities of the environment. In the conditions of animal husbandry, this is possible only with regular monitoring of the morphological state of organs and systems, especially the respiratory system, which is actively influenced by the features of housing, atmospheric air, feeding, as well as the medical and preventive measures that are carried out. Therefore, the functioning of the lungs as an open morphofunctional system directly depends on the nature of their dynamic interaction with a complex complex of physical and chemical environmental factors. In this regard, there is an obvious need for a detailed study of the macro- and micromorphology of the respiratory organs, since such organs are a system by which the body \"builds itself from environmental conditions\". It is also necessary to take into account that this system occupies one of the leading positions in ensuring the optimal level of functioning of the body, since the animal's development, metabolic processes, and its state of health largely depend on its work. Establishing the macro- and micromorphological features of the respiratory system is the foundation for preventive and therapeutic measures. The respiratory system ensures the intake of oxygen into the body and the excretion of carbon dioxide from it, and the gas exchange between blood and air.
 The scientific article is devoted to the study of the macro- and micromorphological features of the lungs of a sexually mature horse - Equus Feruscaballus L., 1758. With the help of anatomical preparation and macroscopic, histological, morphometric and statistical methods of research, the morphology of the lungs was investigated and their belonging to a certain anatomical type was determined. As a result of the research, the partial structure of the lungs was determined, their topography, shape, dimensions, branching of the bronchi of the bronchial tree, results of organometry (absolute and relative lung mass), morphometric assessment of their morphological structures, asymmetry coefficient, etc. were determined.
 According to the results of morphological studies, the characteristic morphological features of the macro- and microscopic structure of the lungs of a mature horse were revealed according to the class, age and species of animals. The presence of individual morphological features in the lobular structure of the lungs of horses was revealed. In particular, there are only two lobes in the left lung (cranial and caudal), and three lobes in the right lung (cranial, caudal and additional). The alveolar tree of the lungs of horses is shortened, wide and has a vesicular structure.
 The conducted research to a certain extent expands and supplements information about the species, breed and morphological features of the anatomical and histological structure of the lungs in domestic animals and is important ","PeriodicalId":188435,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136253164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.199-212
V. Fesyuk, Z. Karpyuk, S. Shulikovsky
Environmentally safe sustainable development is important to achieve at the global, national and local levels. Nowadays, environmental issues are becoming one of the factors hindering Ukraine's economic development and its movement towards the European community. Large-scale reforms in many areas and integration into the EU require Ukraine to take new decisions and practical steps to create an environmentally friendly environment. Our country has actively joined the global process of promoting sustainable development. At the local community level, the implementation of sustainable development goals is carried out through the development and financing of relevant local programs. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the measures of sustainable environmentally safe development of the Kovel territorial community. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to assess the peculiarities of natural conditions and economic development of the studied territory, to analyze the environmental problems of the community, to substantiate the ways of sustainable environmentally sound development of the Kovel territorial community. Methods used: cartographic, constructive-geographical, mathematical modeling, geoinformation modeling, remote sensing, SWOT analysis, expert evaluation. The result of the study is the identification of the most pressing environmental problems facing the community. The scientific novelty is to substantiate the ways of sustainable environmentally safe development of the Kovel territorial community. The practical significance of the study provides for the possibility of using its results to develop strategies for the use of natural resources, develop local environmental programs and prepare project proposals for participation in grant competitions.
{"title":"PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE KOVEL TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY","authors":"V. Fesyuk, Z. Karpyuk, S. Shulikovsky","doi":"10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.199-212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.199-212","url":null,"abstract":"Environmentally safe sustainable development is important to achieve at the global, national and local levels. Nowadays, environmental issues are becoming one of the factors hindering Ukraine's economic development and its movement towards the European community. Large-scale reforms in many areas and integration into the EU require Ukraine to take new decisions and practical steps to create an environmentally friendly environment. Our country has actively joined the global process of promoting sustainable development. At the local community level, the implementation of sustainable development goals is carried out through the development and financing of relevant local programs. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the measures of sustainable environmentally safe development of the Kovel territorial community. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to assess the peculiarities of natural conditions and economic development of the studied territory, to analyze the environmental problems of the community, to substantiate the ways of sustainable environmentally sound development of the Kovel territorial community. Methods used: cartographic, constructive-geographical, mathematical modeling, geoinformation modeling, remote sensing, SWOT analysis, expert evaluation. The result of the study is the identification of the most pressing environmental problems facing the community. The scientific novelty is to substantiate the ways of sustainable environmentally safe development of the Kovel territorial community. The practical significance of the study provides for the possibility of using its results to develop strategies for the use of natural resources, develop local environmental programs and prepare project proposals for participation in grant competitions.","PeriodicalId":188435,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136252988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.102-115
O. Lavrуk, V. Korinnyi, O. Garbar, R. Vlasenko, T. Andriychuk
River valleys are important in the structure of natural landscapes. They are the places of population concentration, ecological gutters and the landscape "framework" around which all other geocomplexes function. If the framework landscapes have been analyzed in detail by scientists, the focal landscapes are inflated beyond the attention of scientists.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the structure of focal landscapes on the basis of the improved classification of anthropogenic landscapes by significance on the example of landscape-technical systems (LTchS) in the river valleys of the model region - the flat part of Right Bank Ukraine.
Within the valley-river landscapes, the focal group includes road, mining, agricultural, and beligerative LTchS. Most modern road landscape technical systems belong to the category of "landscape technogenic systems". The destruction of man-made cover is associated with the excessive load on the road surface of motor vehicles, the weight of which often does not meet the established standards. As a result of mining and processing of minerals in river valleys, mining LTchS are formed. Active mining LTchS are formed by quarries, waste rock dumps and beneficiation or crushing and sorting plants and factories. The river valleys of the Right Bank of Ukraine are characterized by new anthropogenic types of areas that were formed after the extraction of minerals: areas of pit-peat wastelands and "rocky badlands". Valley-river agricultural LTchS are represented by water regulation and irrigation systems and vineyards. The lack of modernization and the use of outdated equipment and facilities do not allow the LTchS to fully function and produce the appropriate amount of crops. Beligerative landscape and man-made systems include complexes of defensive nodal structures "lines of defense" of the 20th century. Some critical remarks were made regarding the analysis of the structure of focal landscapes after the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Right Bank Ukraine. It was concluded that in the context of the study of modern anthropogenic landscapes of Ukraine, the study of focal valley-river landscape-technical systems will contribute to a better understanding of their structure and the development of ways of optimization.
{"title":"HIGHLIGHTING OF FOCAL LANDSCAPES ON THE EXAMPLE OF VALLEY-RIVER LANDSCAPE-TECHNICAL SYSTEMS","authors":"O. Lavrуk, V. Korinnyi, O. Garbar, R. Vlasenko, T. Andriychuk","doi":"10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.102-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.102-115","url":null,"abstract":"River valleys are important in the structure of natural landscapes. They are the places of population concentration, ecological gutters and the landscape \"framework\" around which all other geocomplexes function. If the framework landscapes have been analyzed in detail by scientists, the focal landscapes are inflated beyond the attention of scientists.
 The purpose of the article is to analyze the structure of focal landscapes on the basis of the improved classification of anthropogenic landscapes by significance on the example of landscape-technical systems (LTchS) in the river valleys of the model region - the flat part of Right Bank Ukraine.
 Within the valley-river landscapes, the focal group includes road, mining, agricultural, and beligerative LTchS. Most modern road landscape technical systems belong to the category of \"landscape technogenic systems\". The destruction of man-made cover is associated with the excessive load on the road surface of motor vehicles, the weight of which often does not meet the established standards. As a result of mining and processing of minerals in river valleys, mining LTchS are formed. Active mining LTchS are formed by quarries, waste rock dumps and beneficiation or crushing and sorting plants and factories. The river valleys of the Right Bank of Ukraine are characterized by new anthropogenic types of areas that were formed after the extraction of minerals: areas of pit-peat wastelands and \"rocky badlands\". Valley-river agricultural LTchS are represented by water regulation and irrigation systems and vineyards. The lack of modernization and the use of outdated equipment and facilities do not allow the LTchS to fully function and produce the appropriate amount of crops. Beligerative landscape and man-made systems include complexes of defensive nodal structures \"lines of defense\" of the 20th century. Some critical remarks were made regarding the analysis of the structure of focal landscapes after the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Right Bank Ukraine. It was concluded that in the context of the study of modern anthropogenic landscapes of Ukraine, the study of focal valley-river landscape-technical systems will contribute to a better understanding of their structure and the development of ways of optimization.","PeriodicalId":188435,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136253170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.7-23
V. Mokryy, O. Mudrak, I. Petrushka, R. Grechanyk, E. Arustamyan, G. Mudrak
The botanical sights of nature were studied, including the decorative forms of the European beech (Fagus sylvatica), which were used in the landscaping of Lviv. The relevance of monitoring studies of the state of the urban dendroflora of botanical natural monuments is due to the need to form a basic level of ecological data to assess the nature and dynamics of ecosystems. The scientific and historical value of nature conservation territories of the botanical category is shown. Photobiological methods were used to perform a comparative analysis of the pigment content and fluorescent parameters of tree species in the ecological and phytocenotic zones of the complex green zone of the city.
The high plasticity of the structural organization of the chloroplasts of European beech leaves, characterized by the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids, was established. The studied plants respond to increased urbogenic load by increasing the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids in the park and street plantings.
It has been established that the use of the fluorescent method is promising in scientific research, when controlling the sanitary condition of tree plantations, as it provides the determination of an integral scientifically capable parameter - the vitality index of trees. Based on the measured fluorescent parameters, the vitality index of the trees was determined. In street plantings, the vitality index decreases by 2 times, which indicates a decrease in the activity of the donor part of the photosynthetic apparatus.
The practical use of modern methods of fluorescence express vegetation testing, which provide a correlational synthesis of morphophysiological and biophysical mechanisms of photosynthesis and graphoanalytical information, is substantiated, which is necessary for the creation of information and diagnostic systems for comprehensive monitoring of urban ecosystems, preservation of biodiversity and protection of the floristic gene pool of urban areas.
{"title":"FLUORESCENCE TESTING OF THE EUROPEAN BEECH IN THE BOTANICAL SITE OF NATURE OF LVIV","authors":"V. Mokryy, O. Mudrak, I. Petrushka, R. Grechanyk, E. Arustamyan, G. Mudrak","doi":"10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.7-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.7-23","url":null,"abstract":"The botanical sights of nature were studied, including the decorative forms of the European beech (Fagus sylvatica), which were used in the landscaping of Lviv. The relevance of monitoring studies of the state of the urban dendroflora of botanical natural monuments is due to the need to form a basic level of ecological data to assess the nature and dynamics of ecosystems. The scientific and historical value of nature conservation territories of the botanical category is shown. Photobiological methods were used to perform a comparative analysis of the pigment content and fluorescent parameters of tree species in the ecological and phytocenotic zones of the complex green zone of the city.
 The high plasticity of the structural organization of the chloroplasts of European beech leaves, characterized by the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids, was established. The studied plants respond to increased urbogenic load by increasing the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids in the park and street plantings.
 It has been established that the use of the fluorescent method is promising in scientific research, when controlling the sanitary condition of tree plantations, as it provides the determination of an integral scientifically capable parameter - the vitality index of trees. Based on the measured fluorescent parameters, the vitality index of the trees was determined. In street plantings, the vitality index decreases by 2 times, which indicates a decrease in the activity of the donor part of the photosynthetic apparatus.
 The practical use of modern methods of fluorescence express vegetation testing, which provide a correlational synthesis of morphophysiological and biophysical mechanisms of photosynthesis and graphoanalytical information, is substantiated, which is necessary for the creation of information and diagnostic systems for comprehensive monitoring of urban ecosystems, preservation of biodiversity and protection of the floristic gene pool of urban areas.","PeriodicalId":188435,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136253400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.186-198
I. Kotsiuba, I. Khomiak, A. Bren, M. Shamonina
Tasks related to the restoration of disturbed natural ecosystems are of theoretical and practical importance. Traditional approaches to remediation are often utilitarian. We often observe that the natural processes of ecosystem restoration occur faster and with better quality than those carried out by humans under similar conditions. The purpose of our work is to investigate the role of plants that have different ecological strategies during the process of restoration of disturbed ecosystems. The following tasks were outlined to achieve this goal: to identify groups of plants with different ecological strategies involved in the restoration of natural vegetation; develop models of vegetation restoration using plants with different ecological strategies. The materials of our research are standard geobotanical descriptions made on the territory of Ukrainian Polissia in the period from 2004 to 2023. We consider environmental strategies more broadly than R. Whittaker, L. H. Ramensky, J. Grim and E. Pianki in their classic works. The ecological strategies of plants differ in the way of spreading and reproduction, as well as in the signs of fixation on the soil; by methods of energy reservation; changing the environment around itself. The rate of restoration of natural ecosystems, as well as their characteristics, depend on the configuration of the disturbed area, the substrate of its surface, and the adaptive strategies of the plants that fall on it. The classification of adaptive strategies of species that affect the process of restoration of natural ecosystems is formed on the basis of the variety of methods of reproduction and distribution of fruits and seeds of autotrophs, as well as the peculiarities of their energy distribution in the reproduction process. The change in ecological strategies of species is because ecosystems are dynamic systems, therefore, during primary successions; disturbed ecotopes are most successfully populated by patient species, and during secondary ones by explerent species and violent species. Plants penetrate the primary substrate with the help of seeds, spores, or vegetative organs (most often rhizomes). In the early stages of primary succession, the seeds and spores of patient species are the most successful – those with low competitiveness and can achieve reproductive and vegetative success outside the communities. The balance of the amount of energy of Polissia pioneer patients is often shifted from supporting the vegetative part of the body to its seeds. Species that spread to pioneer substrates using rhizomes do not have such a limitation because they share a common distribution of matter and energy with the pioneer part of the community. Those species on the primary substrate, having no competitors, actively photosynthesize and share carbohydrates, while those on the formed substrate and have many competitors for solar energy share water and mineral nutrients. Global climate changes, which lead to xerophytization
{"title":"ECOLOGICAL STRATEGIES OF PLANTS IN THE PROCESS OF RESTORATION OF DISRUPTED NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS OF UKRAINIAN POLISSIA","authors":"I. Kotsiuba, I. Khomiak, A. Bren, M. Shamonina","doi":"10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.186-198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.186-198","url":null,"abstract":"Tasks related to the restoration of disturbed natural ecosystems are of theoretical and practical importance. Traditional approaches to remediation are often utilitarian. We often observe that the natural processes of ecosystem restoration occur faster and with better quality than those carried out by humans under similar conditions. The purpose of our work is to investigate the role of plants that have different ecological strategies during the process of restoration of disturbed ecosystems. The following tasks were outlined to achieve this goal: to identify groups of plants with different ecological strategies involved in the restoration of natural vegetation; develop models of vegetation restoration using plants with different ecological strategies. The materials of our research are standard geobotanical descriptions made on the territory of Ukrainian Polissia in the period from 2004 to 2023. We consider environmental strategies more broadly than R. Whittaker, L. H. Ramensky, J. Grim and E. Pianki in their classic works. The ecological strategies of plants differ in the way of spreading and reproduction, as well as in the signs of fixation on the soil; by methods of energy reservation; changing the environment around itself. The rate of restoration of natural ecosystems, as well as their characteristics, depend on the configuration of the disturbed area, the substrate of its surface, and the adaptive strategies of the plants that fall on it. The classification of adaptive strategies of species that affect the process of restoration of natural ecosystems is formed on the basis of the variety of methods of reproduction and distribution of fruits and seeds of autotrophs, as well as the peculiarities of their energy distribution in the reproduction process. The change in ecological strategies of species is because ecosystems are dynamic systems, therefore, during primary successions; disturbed ecotopes are most successfully populated by patient species, and during secondary ones by explerent species and violent species. Plants penetrate the primary substrate with the help of seeds, spores, or vegetative organs (most often rhizomes). In the early stages of primary succession, the seeds and spores of patient species are the most successful – those with low competitiveness and can achieve reproductive and vegetative success outside the communities. The balance of the amount of energy of Polissia pioneer patients is often shifted from supporting the vegetative part of the body to its seeds. Species that spread to pioneer substrates using rhizomes do not have such a limitation because they share a common distribution of matter and energy with the pioneer part of the community. Those species on the primary substrate, having no competitors, actively photosynthesize and share carbohydrates, while those on the formed substrate and have many competitors for solar energy share water and mineral nutrients. Global climate changes, which lead to xerophytization","PeriodicalId":188435,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136253161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.39-58
I. Onyschuk, O. Harbar, L. Ostapchuk
The article describes the dynamics and causes of endemic human diseases in Ukraine. According to the results of statistical data on the dynamics of indicators of anthropogenic and technogenic load on the surrounding natural environment, the ecological situation in Ukraine is a crisis. This leads to environmental pollution with substances dangerous to human health, deterioration of the Earth's ozone layer, and also contributes to the appearance of new chemical compounds and changes the quantitative composition of existing ones.
Endemic diseases are those that are observed in people for a long time in a certain limited territory and are caused by natural and social conditions. The occurrence and risk of development of endemic diseases is determined by the action of environmental elements, anthropotechnogenic and social factors.
The purpose of the study was to establish the dynamics and causes of endemic diseases in the population of Ukraine during 2017-2021. It was established that endemic caries, endemic fluorosis, endemic goiter, and water-nitrate methemoglobinemia were the most common endemic diseases of the population of Ukraine during the studied years. Among all identified endemic diseases, endemic caries was recorded most often among the population, methemoglobinemia was less common. The dynamics of occurrence of the above-mentioned endemic diseases among the population during 2017-2021 increased. The causes of the development of endemic caries are the insufficient content of fluorine in the consumed water (up to 0.5 mg/l), endemic fluorosis, on the contrary, the intake of fluorine in excessive amounts (over 1.5 mg/l). Endemic goiter develops due to a lack of iodine in consumed products and water, water-nitrate methemoglobinemia – due to an excess of nitrates over 50 mg/l. Endemic fluorosis, for the most part, is characteristic of the inhabitants of the mountainous regions of Ukraine and Poltava region, endemic goiter – for the Carpathian, Carpathian and Transnistrian-Danubian regions, endemic caries and water-nitrate methemoglobinemia – for all regions of Ukraine.
{"title":"DYNAMICS AND CAUSES OF ENDEMIC HUMAN DISEASES IN UKRAINE","authors":"I. Onyschuk, O. Harbar, L. Ostapchuk","doi":"10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.39-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.3.2023.39-58","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the dynamics and causes of endemic human diseases in Ukraine. According to the results of statistical data on the dynamics of indicators of anthropogenic and technogenic load on the surrounding natural environment, the ecological situation in Ukraine is a crisis. This leads to environmental pollution with substances dangerous to human health, deterioration of the Earth's ozone layer, and also contributes to the appearance of new chemical compounds and changes the quantitative composition of existing ones.
 Endemic diseases are those that are observed in people for a long time in a certain limited territory and are caused by natural and social conditions. The occurrence and risk of development of endemic diseases is determined by the action of environmental elements, anthropotechnogenic and social factors.
 The purpose of the study was to establish the dynamics and causes of endemic diseases in the population of Ukraine during 2017-2021. It was established that endemic caries, endemic fluorosis, endemic goiter, and water-nitrate methemoglobinemia were the most common endemic diseases of the population of Ukraine during the studied years. Among all identified endemic diseases, endemic caries was recorded most often among the population, methemoglobinemia was less common. The dynamics of occurrence of the above-mentioned endemic diseases among the population during 2017-2021 increased. The causes of the development of endemic caries are the insufficient content of fluorine in the consumed water (up to 0.5 mg/l), endemic fluorosis, on the contrary, the intake of fluorine in excessive amounts (over 1.5 mg/l). Endemic goiter develops due to a lack of iodine in consumed products and water, water-nitrate methemoglobinemia – due to an excess of nitrates over 50 mg/l. Endemic fluorosis, for the most part, is characteristic of the inhabitants of the mountainous regions of Ukraine and Poltava region, endemic goiter – for the Carpathian, Carpathian and Transnistrian-Danubian regions, endemic caries and water-nitrate methemoglobinemia – for all regions of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":188435,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136252990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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