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Atrial fibrillation associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A case-control study of real-world pharmacovigilance data. 心房颤动与酪氨酸激酶抑制剂相关:现实世界药物警戒数据的病例对照研究。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-026-05078-2
Jun Wang, Jing Shi, Chenyu Guo

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have revolutionized the treatment of cancer and immune disorders. However, their cardiotoxicity, particularly the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), raises growing concerns. We aimed to comprehensively examine the associations between TKIs and AF using real-world pharmacovigilance data. We conducted a case-control study by analyzing adverse event (AE) reports from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System between 2004 and 2023 for 56 FDA-approved TKIs. AF cases were identified using the preferred term "atrial fibrillation". Patient characteristics were compared between fatal and non-fatal cases. Disproportionality analysis, quantified using the reporting odds ratio (ROR), was employed to assess the associations between TKIs and AF. Among 561,551 TKI-related AE reports, 3794 (0.7%) involved AF. The majority of AF events (89.7%) were classified as serious, with 11.3% associated with fatal outcomes. Significant differences in gender, age, drug categories, and systems involved in the indication were observed between fatal and non-fatal outcome groups (all P < 0.05). Disproportionality analysis identified 12 TKIs significantly associated with AF. Notably, Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors showed the strongest signals, with ibrutinib (ROR: 9.83; 95% CI: 9.34-10.34) leading, followed by zanubrutinib (ROR: 6.29; 95% CI: 3.70-10.69) and acalabrutinib (ROR: 5.58; 95% CI: 4.38-7.11). Additionally, nine other TKIs, including nilotinib, ponatinib, and nintedanib, among others, were associated with increased reporting frequencies. These findings suggest that certain TKIs are associated with an elevated risk of AF, underscoring the importance of vigilant cardiovascular monitoring during TKI therapy.

酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKIs)已经彻底改变了癌症和免疫疾病的治疗。然而,它们的心脏毒性,特别是心房颤动(AF)的风险,引起了越来越多的关注。我们的目的是利用真实世界的药物警戒数据全面检查tki和房颤之间的关系。我们进行了一项病例对照研究,分析了2004年至2023年间FDA不良事件报告系统中56种FDA批准的TKIs的不良事件(AE)报告。房颤病例使用首选术语“心房颤动”进行鉴定。比较致死性和非致死性病例的患者特征。使用报告优势比(ROR)量化的不成比例分析用于评估TKIs与房颤之间的关联。在561,551例tki相关AE报告中,3794例(0.7%)涉及房颤。大多数房颤事件(89.7%)被归类为严重房颤,其中11.3%与致命结局相关。在致死性和非致死性结局组之间,观察到性别、年龄、药物类别和涉及适应症的系统存在显著差异
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引用次数: 0
mPEG-functionalized polyadipate triblock copolymers as promising nanocarriers for the controlled delivery of therapeutic agents in breast cancer treatment. mpeg功能化聚己二酸三嵌段共聚物作为乳腺癌治疗药物控制递送的有前途的纳米载体。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-026-05054-w
Nazan Gökşen Tosun, Seçil Erden Tayhan, İsa Gökçe, Cemil Alkan

The increasing incidence of breast cancer is leading researchers to investigate new treatment approaches. Targeted therapy approaches are particularly attractive because they minimize the detrimental effects of therapeutic agents on healthy tissues and cells by focusing on tumor sites. This study focuses on synthesizing mPEG-modified triblock copolymers as carrier materials for drug delivery applications, enabling the efficient encapsulation of DOX, and evaluating the cytotoxic effects of the resulting nanocarriers on breast cancer cell lines. In this study, mPEG-poly(butylene adipate)-mPEG and mPEG-poly(ethylene adipate)-mPEG triblock copolymers were synthesized by a step-growth polycondensation polymerization method. Firstly, poly(butylene adipate) (pBAd) and poly(ethylene adipate) (pEAd) were synthesized to form the body of the triblock copolymer, and their chemical structures were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The end-group analysis method was applied to determine the average molecular weights of the pBAd and pEAd polymers before their modification with mPEG-500. The nanocarriers produced by the double emulsion method were analyzed using the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method, while encapsulation efficiency and the DOX release profile were measured using a spectrofluorometer. The antiproliferative effects and cellular uptake capacities of the resulting nanocarriers were subsequently examined in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The cytotoxicity of DBANP and DEANP nanocarriers was lower than that of free DOX, demonstrating that encapsulation reduces drug-associated toxicity and may enhance safety. These findings suggest that the nanocarrier systems developed in this study show strong potential as promising candidates for breast cancer therapy.

乳腺癌发病率的上升促使研究人员研究新的治疗方法。靶向治疗方法特别有吸引力,因为它们通过聚焦肿瘤部位,将治疗药物对健康组织和细胞的有害影响降至最低。本研究的重点是合成mpeg修饰的三嵌段共聚物作为药物递送应用的载体材料,实现DOX的有效包封,并评估所得到的纳米载体对乳腺癌细胞系的细胞毒性作用。本研究采用步长缩聚法制备了mpeg -聚己二酸丁烯-mPEG和mpeg -聚己二酸乙烯-mPEG三嵌段共聚物。首先合成聚己二酸丁烯(pBAd)和聚己二酸乙烯(pEAd)形成三嵌段共聚物的主体,并利用傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)和1H NMR对其化学结构进行表征。采用端基分析方法测定pBAd和pEAd聚合物在mPEG-500修饰前的平均分子量。采用动态光散射(dynamic light scattering, DLS)法对双乳液法制备的纳米载体进行分析,采用荧光光谱法测定其包封效率和DOX释放曲线。随后在MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞中检测了所得纳米载体的抗增殖作用和细胞摄取能力。DBANP和DEANP纳米载体的细胞毒性低于游离DOX,表明包封降低了药物相关毒性,可能提高了安全性。这些发现表明,在这项研究中开发的纳米载体系统显示出强大的潜力,有望成为乳腺癌治疗的候选者。
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引用次数: 0
Retraction Note: Ameliorative effect of nicorandil in ovarian ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury in rats: role of potassium channel. 注:尼可地尔对大鼠卵巢缺血再灌注损伤的改善作用:钾通道的作用。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-026-05091-5
Seham Abdel-Wekeel Abdel-Gaber, Medhat Atta, Sara Mohammed Naguib Abdel-Hafez, Walaa Yehia Abdelzaher
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引用次数: 0
Intranasal curcumin mitigates paraquat-induced oxidative lung damage via involvement of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in mice model. 鼻内姜黄素通过参与中性粒细胞胞外陷阱(NETs)减轻小鼠模型中百草枯诱导的氧化性肺损伤。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-026-05071-9
Shalini Singh, Diksha Sharma, D Dash, Rashmi Singh

Paraquat (PQ) is a highly toxic herbicide that causes rapid and severe lung injury via oxidative stress and inflammatory activation. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of curcumin on PQ inhalation-induced lung injury in a mice model. Therefore, the intranasal route of PQ administration was selected, where mice were euthanized after 48 h of PQ exposure. Enhanced oxidative damage and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps were released by activated neutrophils, along with elevated inflammatory mediators. Oxidative stress-induced lung injury was accompanied with increased DNA damage and reduced antioxidant defenses. Lung injury severity was higher with intranasal PQ in terms of inflammatory cell infiltration and early fibrotic changes, with collagen deposition around the bronchioles. Reduced E-cadherin, a marker of epithelial cells, and enhanced α-SMA were noted, showing enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PQ-induced groups, which was reduced in intranasal curcumin treatment groups. Substantially reduced oxidative stress, NF-kB expression, and enhanced Nrf2 levels were noted, indicative of restored antioxidant enzymes and limited inflammatory responses, signifying a protective effect against PQ-induced lung injury. Immunofluorescence and protein expression analysis revealed fibrotic changes in the lungs, where enhanced alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and MMP9 expressions were reduced with intranasal curcumin treatment.

百草枯(Paraquat, PQ)是一种剧毒除草剂,通过氧化应激和炎症激活引起快速和严重的肺损伤。本研究旨在探讨姜黄素对PQ吸入性肺损伤小鼠模型的保护作用。因此,选择PQ鼻内给药途径,小鼠在PQ暴露48小时后安乐死。活化的中性粒细胞释放氧化损伤和中性粒细胞胞外陷阱的形成,同时炎症介质升高。氧化应激诱导的肺损伤伴随着DNA损伤的增加和抗氧化防御能力的降低。在炎症细胞浸润和早期纤维化改变方面,鼻内PQ肺损伤严重程度较高,细支气管周围有胶原沉积。pq诱导组上皮细胞标志物E-cadherin减少,α-SMA增强,上皮细胞向间充质转化(EMT)增强,鼻内姜黄素处理组EMT降低。显著降低氧化应激、NF-kB表达和Nrf2水平,表明抗氧化酶恢复和炎症反应有限,表明对pq诱导的肺损伤具有保护作用。免疫荧光和蛋白表达分析显示肺纤维化改变,经鼻姜黄素治疗后α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)和MMP9表达增强。
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引用次数: 0
The effects of sacubitril/valsartan compared to valsartan in experimentally induced chronic kidney disease. 苏比里尔/缬沙坦与缬沙坦在实验性慢性肾脏疾病中的作用比较
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-026-05079-1
Raya Al Maskari, Aly M Abdelrahman, Asem Shalaby, Priyadarsini Manoj, Yousuf M Al Suleimani

Sacubitril/valsartan is a combined neprilysin inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker which simultaneously potentiates the beneficial effects of natriuretic peptides while blocking angiotensin II accumulation. Numerous studies suggest that sacubitril/valsartan has better renal protective effects compared to valsartan but the evidence remains inconsistent. This study compared renal and blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects of sacubitril/valsartan versus valsartan in rats with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD). This model replicates slow progression and structural and functional characteristics of human CKD. Male Wistar rats (n = 24) were divided into four groups and treated for 35 days as follows: group 1 served as control; group 2 received 0.25% adenine; group 3 received adenine plus sacubitril/valsartan; group 4 received adenine plus valsartan. Adenine significantly increased systolic BP. It also significantly increased the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), plasma urea, creatinine, uric acid, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) while reducing creatinine clearance. Additionally, adenine significantly increased inflammatory markers, decreased antioxidant activity, and induced tubular necrosis, dilatation, and interstitial inflammation. Sacubitril/valsartan significantly reduced systolic BP, with greater effects than valsartan. Both treatments reversed adenine-induced alterations in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, NAG, plasma urea, creatinine, NGAL, and creatinine clearance, with more pronounced improvements in urea, NAG, and creatinine clearance observed with valsartan. Furthermore, both treatments ameliorated inflammatory and antioxidant changes to a comparable extent. Both treatments showed histopathological improvements, but these were more marked with valsartan. To conclude, both sacubitril/valsartan and valsartan effectively mitigated adenine-induced CKD changes, with sacubitril/valsartan producing greater systolic BP reduction and valsartan showing more pronounced renoprotective effects.

Sacubitril/缬沙坦是一种联合neprilysin抑制剂/血管紧张素II受体阻滞剂,可在阻断血管紧张素II积累的同时增强利钠肽的有益作用。大量研究表明,与缬沙坦相比,苏比里尔/缬沙坦具有更好的肾脏保护作用,但证据仍不一致。本研究比较了sacubitril/缬沙坦与缬沙坦对腺嘌呤诱导的慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)大鼠肾脏和血压(BP)的降低作用。该模型复制了人类CKD的缓慢进展以及结构和功能特征。雄性Wistar大鼠24只,随机分为4组,治疗35 d:第一组为对照组;2组注射0.25%腺嘌呤;3组给予腺嘌呤加苏比里尔/缬沙坦治疗;第4组给予腺嘌呤加缬沙坦治疗。腺嘌呤显著增加收缩压。它还显著增加尿白蛋白/肌酐比值、n -乙酰-β- d -氨基葡萄糖酶(NAG)、血浆尿素、肌酐、尿酸和中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂钙蛋白(NGAL),同时降低肌酐清除率。此外,腺嘌呤显著增加炎症标志物,降低抗氧化活性,诱导小管坏死、扩张和间质炎症。Sacubitril/缬沙坦显著降低收缩压,效果优于缬沙坦。两种治疗均逆转了腺嘌呤诱导的尿白蛋白/肌酐比值、NAG、血浆尿素、肌酐、NGAL和肌酐清除率的改变,缬沙坦治疗对尿素、NAG和肌酐清除率的改善更为明显。此外,两种治疗方法在相当程度上改善了炎症和抗氧化的变化。两种治疗均显示组织病理学改善,但缬沙坦治疗效果更明显。总之,沙比利/缬沙坦和缬沙坦都能有效减轻腺嘌呤诱导的CKD改变,沙比利/缬沙坦产生更大的收缩压降低,缬沙坦表现出更明显的肾保护作用。
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引用次数: 0
Pharmacological content in the television series "House MD": analysis from a German pharmacologist's perspective. 从德国药理学家的角度分析电视剧《豪斯医生》中的药理学内容。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-026-04995-6
Erika Schmoll, Roland Seifert

Nowadays, the media make a major contribution to the medical education of the population. However, people who are not experts are hardly able to assess the accuracy of the situations depicted. To test the reliability of the statements made, this paper deals with the analysis of the accuracy of the pharmacological content in the television series Dr. House. The database is currently around 20 years old. The series was first broadcasted in the United States in 2004. The aim of this study was to check the quality of the pharmacological content. In addition, it analyzed the education by the TV series Dr. House in the field of pharmacological knowledge. Ten episodes containing 105 pharmacological items were analyzed. The analysis was illustrated with eleven comparable parameters of the items. This includes, for example, naming the drugs, evaluating the indication, assessing the therapy, and presenting the drug within the scene. In addition, the course of the series was analyzed for the first and eleventh episodes of each season. This resulted in 131 additional pharmacological contents. The study shows a high usage rate of international non-proprietary names (INN). The indications are often correctly stated, and an appropriate therapy is initiated. A particular and quite unusual feature of the series is that drugs are used as diagnostic tools to come to the correct diagnosis. Antibacterial drugs and psychotropic drugs are strongly presented. The analysis also highlights differences in the use of drugs between various genres in which drugs play an important role. Due to the cynical character traits of Dr. House, there were issues of concerns such as lack of patient information and use of dangerous/experimental therapies. There were also several medication errors. The way of drug administration often remained unclear and the mechanism of action was not explained. A comparison of the seasons throughout the series reveals a decline in the quality of naming, explanation, and accuracy of indications and presentation of pharmacological content. The lowest quality is evident in season 6, with a marked improvement in seasons 7 and 8. Despite some concerns regarding ethical issues, the TV series Dr. House makes a valuable contribution to introducing to the public a broad diversity of pharmacological topics.

如今,媒体对大众的医学教育做出了重大贡献。然而,不是专家的人很难评估所描述的情况的准确性。为了检验所作陈述的可靠性,本文对电视剧《豪斯医生》中药理学内容的准确性进行了分析。该数据库目前大约有20年的历史。该剧于2004年首次在美国播出。本研究的目的是检查药理学内容的质量。此外,还分析了电视剧《豪斯医生》在药理知识领域的教育。10集共105个药理学项目进行分析。分析用11个可比较的项目参数来说明。这包括,例如,命名药物,评估适应症,评估治疗,并在现场展示药物。此外,对每一季的第一集和第十一集进行了剧情分析。这导致131个额外的药理成分。研究表明,国际非专利名称(INN)的使用率很高。适应症通常是正确的,并开始适当的治疗。该系列的一个特别和非常不寻常的特点是,药物被用作诊断工具,以得出正确的诊断。抗菌药物和精神药物被强烈提出。该分析还强调了毒品在不同类型毒品使用方面的差异,其中毒品起着重要作用。由于豪斯医生愤世嫉俗的性格特征,存在诸如缺乏患者信息和使用危险/实验性疗法等问题。还有一些用药错误。给药方式往往不明确,作用机制也不清楚。整个系列季节的比较揭示了命名质量的下降,解释,以及适应症和药理学内容的准确性。第六季的质量最差,而第七季和第八季则有了明显的改善。尽管有一些关于伦理问题的担忧,电视剧《豪斯医生》为向公众介绍广泛多样的药理学主题做出了宝贵的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Retraction Note: Pharmacological evaluation of carvacrol anti-migraine potential. 撤回注:香芹酚抗偏头痛潜力的药理学评价。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-026-05090-6
Spogmay Anwar, Arif-Ullah Khan, Nadeem Irshad
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引用次数: 0
Barriers to effective hypertension control in a low-income healthcare setting: The role of therapeutic inertia and its predictors among hypertensive outpatients. 在低收入医疗环境中有效控制高血压的障碍:治疗惯性的作用及其在高血压门诊患者中的预测因子
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-026-05077-3
Ejigayehu Getahun Ganamo, Dawit Alemu Lemma, Temesgen Bati Gelgelu, Zewde Zema Kanche

Despite the rising burden of hypertension (HTN) across Africa, the rate of blood pressure (BP) control among hypertensive patients remains unacceptably low. One of the key contributors to this treatment gap is therapeutic inertia (TI) the failure to initiate or intensify therapy when clinically indicated. However, evidence on the magnitude and determinants of TI in Ethiopia remains scarce. Objective: To assess the prevalence of therapeutic inertia and identify associated factors among hypertensive patients attending the outpatient department of Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 189 hypertensive patients from August to November 2023. Participants were selected through consecutive sampling. Data were collected via interviews with patients and physicians, along with a review of medical charts. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means ± SD, and medians with interquartile ranges) were used to summarize patient characteristics. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with TI. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Of the 189 patients, 50.8% were male, with a mean age of 53.8 years. The prevalence of therapeutic inertia was 58.7% (95% CI: 52.3%-65.4%). Factors significantly associated with lower odds of TI included treatment with amlodipine (AOR = 0.137; 95% CI: 0.019-0.975), use of NPH insulin (AOR = 0.174; 95% CI: 0.036-0.833), and higher diastolic BP readings (AOR = 0.910; 95% CI: 0.839-0.986). In contrast, physician-reported reasons for not intensifying treatment such as "BP being close to the target value" (AOR = 6.074; 95% CI: 1.315-28.060) and "concerns about patient adherence" (AOR = 5.487; 95% CI: 1.061-28.362) were positively associated with TI. Therapeutic inertia was observed in nearly 6 out of 10 cases of uncontrolled hypertension in this setting, highlighting a significant gap in clinical decision-making. Addressing therapeutic inertia through improved adherence to hypertension treatment guidelines and strengthened physician education may help improve blood pressure control in similar settings. Stakeholders should implement systems that support timely treatment intensification and encourage adherence to evidence-based management strategies.

尽管整个非洲的高血压负担(HTN)不断增加,但高血压患者的血压控制率仍然低得令人无法接受。造成这种治疗差距的关键因素之一是治疗惯性(TI),即在临床指征时未能启动或加强治疗。然而,关于埃塞俄比亚透明医疗组织的规模和决定因素的证据仍然很少。目的:了解卧莱塔大学综合专科医院门诊高血压患者治疗惰性的发生率及相关因素。本文于2023年8月至11月对189例高血压患者进行了以医院为基础的横断面研究。通过连续抽样的方式选择参与者。数据是通过对病人和医生的访谈以及对医疗图表的回顾来收集的。采用描述性统计(频率、百分比、平均值±SD和四分位数范围内的中位数)来总结患者的特征。进行双变量和多变量logistic回归分析以确定与TI相关的因素。报告了校正优势比(AORs)和95%可信区间(CIs)。189例患者中,男性占50.8%,平均年龄53.8岁。治疗惯性患病率为58.7% (95% CI: 52.3% ~ 65.4%)。与TI发生率降低显著相关的因素包括氨氯地平治疗(AOR = 0.137; 95% CI: 0.019-0.975)、使用NPH胰岛素(AOR = 0.174; 95% CI: 0.036-0.833)和较高的舒张压读数(AOR = 0.910; 95% CI: 0.839-0.986)。相比之下,医生报告的不加强治疗的原因,如“血压接近目标值”(AOR = 6.074; 95% CI: 1.315-28.060)和“担心患者依从性”(AOR = 5.487; 95% CI: 1.061-28.362)与TI呈正相关。在这种情况下,10例未控制的高血压中有近6例观察到治疗惰性,突出了临床决策方面的重大差距。通过提高对高血压治疗指南的依从性和加强医生教育来解决治疗惰性可能有助于改善类似情况下的血压控制。利益攸关方应实施支持及时强化治疗并鼓励遵守循证管理战略的系统。
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引用次数: 0
Retraction Note: Chronic stress-mediated dysregulations in inflammatory, immune and oxidative circuitry impairs the therapeutic response of methotrexate in experimental autoimmune disease models. 备注:慢性应激介导的炎症、免疫和氧化回路失调损害了甲氨蝶呤在实验性自身免疫性疾病模型中的治疗反应。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-026-05088-0
Rishabh Chaudhary, Mohd Akhtar Azam, Bhavana Dowand, Alpana Singh, Mujeeba Rehman, Vipul Agarwal, Anand Kumar, Arjun Singh Kaushik, Sukriti Srivastava, Siddhi Srivastava, Vikas Mishra
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引用次数: 0
An integrative genomic analysis of angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma: from canonical drivers to emerging biomarkers. 肝细胞癌血管生成的综合基因组分析:从典型驱动因素到新兴生物标志物。
IF 3.1 4区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-026-05052-y
Suryaa Manoharan, Viswaganesh Venkatesan, Ekambaram Perumal

Angiogenesis, the production of new blood capillaries from pre-existing vasculature, is an important mechanism necessary for cancer progression and metastasis. This process may be regulated by the balance of pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. The disruption of this balance leads to the induction of angiogenesis. Thus, there is a high necessity to identify these angiogenesis-related genes. In this study, we have used GeneCards database to obtain a list of angiogenesis-related genes followed by construction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using STRING database. Out of 37 angiogenesis-related genes, a single-gene cluster containing 27 genes was identified using MCODE analysis. The top ten hub genes were identified as FGF2, HIF1A, VEGFC, VEGFA, MMP9, THBS1, MMP2, KDR, IL6, and NOS, which were further analyzed. FunRich application was used to perform gene enrichment analysis and identify top interactors by constructing an interaction map. PPI map of each individual hub gene was constructed using search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins (STRING) database. The expression levels of each individual hub gene in HCC (liver hepatocellular carcinoma-LIHC dataset) and normal tissue were analyzed using the gene expression profiling interactive analysis 2 (GEPIA2) portal. The prognostic value of the hub genes was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival plot. The translational-level expression was analyzed using the IHC section images from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. Thus, targeting these factors for therapy, diagnosis, or prognosis could be a key strategies in the field of oncology.

血管生成,即从已有的血管系统中产生新的毛细血管,是癌症进展和转移的重要机制。这一过程可能受促血管生成因子和抗血管生成因子的平衡调节。这种平衡的破坏导致血管生成的诱导。因此,鉴定这些血管生成相关基因是非常必要的。本研究利用GeneCards数据库获取血管生成相关基因列表,利用STRING数据库构建蛋白-蛋白相互作用(protein-protein interaction, PPI)网络。在37个血管生成相关基因中,使用MCODE分析鉴定了包含27个基因的单基因簇。前10个中心基因分别为FGF2、HIF1A、VEGFC、VEGFA、MMP9、THBS1、MMP2、KDR、IL6和NOS。利用FunRich应用程序进行基因富集分析,并通过构建相互作用图谱来识别顶级相互作用因子。利用互作基因/蛋白检索工具(STRING)数据库构建各枢纽基因的PPI图谱。使用基因表达谱交互分析2 (GEPIA2)门户网站分析每个枢纽基因在HCC(肝肝细胞癌- lihc数据集)和正常组织中的表达水平。应用Kaplan-Meier生存图分析枢纽基因的预后价值。利用Human Protein Atlas (HPA)数据库中的IHC切片图像分析翻译水平的表达。因此,针对这些因素进行治疗、诊断或预后可能是肿瘤学领域的关键策略。
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引用次数: 0
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