Fakhruddin Mohd, Zul Hassan, Hilmi Che, Daud, Z. Asus, Mohd Izhari Izmi Mazali, Ibtisyam Ardani, Mohd Kameil, Abdul Hamid, Fakhruddin Mohd Hassan, Zul Hilmi, Che Daud, Izmi Mazali
The Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) has widely used for Electric Vehicle (EV) as cooling system to reduce high temperature occurred from batteries source during discharge and charge process. Since the performance and cycle life of batteries are very sensitive to temperature, it important to maintain the proper temperature range in order to avoid the thermal issues and improve the performance. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to study the effectiveness of different type of cooling system for small scale Electric Vehicle (EV). The study is conducted by using two main types of cooling system that available in electricity grid which is air cooling and liquid cooling. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of those cooling system, an analysis is conducted by developing an EV model using MATLAB/Simulink software and simulated at different speed of the vehicle from the few driving cycle that commonly used in researcher paper. Based on the analysis, the maximum temperature of battery for liquid cooling system under NEDC, WLTP, and HWFET is 23.14 ⁰C, 23.3 ⁰C and 23.09 ⁰C compare to air cooling system which is 24.66 ⁰C, 26.3 ⁰C and 24.4 ⁰C respectively at 23 ⁰C of ambient temperature. As the result of this project is showed that the liquid cooling system are more effective to maintain the temperature of battery as the temperature rise more controlled compare to air cooling.
{"title":"Simulation Battery Cooling System for Small Scale Electric Vehicle (Light EV)","authors":"Fakhruddin Mohd, Zul Hassan, Hilmi Che, Daud, Z. Asus, Mohd Izhari Izmi Mazali, Ibtisyam Ardani, Mohd Kameil, Abdul Hamid, Fakhruddin Mohd Hassan, Zul Hilmi, Che Daud, Izmi Mazali","doi":"10.11113/jtse.v8.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jtse.v8.171","url":null,"abstract":"The Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) has widely used for Electric Vehicle (EV) as cooling system to reduce high temperature occurred from batteries source during discharge and charge process. Since the performance and cycle life of batteries are very sensitive to temperature, it important to maintain the proper temperature range in order to avoid the thermal issues and improve the performance. Therefore, the purpose of this project is to study the effectiveness of different type of cooling system for small scale Electric Vehicle (EV). The study is conducted by using two main types of cooling system that available in electricity grid which is air cooling and liquid cooling. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of those cooling system, an analysis is conducted by developing an EV model using MATLAB/Simulink software and simulated at different speed of the vehicle from the few driving cycle that commonly used in researcher paper. Based on the analysis, the maximum temperature of battery for liquid cooling system under NEDC, WLTP, and HWFET is 23.14 ⁰C, 23.3 ⁰C and 23.09 ⁰C compare to air cooling system which is 24.66 ⁰C, 26.3 ⁰C and 24.4 ⁰C respectively at 23 ⁰C of ambient temperature. As the result of this project is showed that the liquid cooling system are more effective to maintain the temperature of battery as the temperature rise more controlled compare to air cooling.","PeriodicalId":188960,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport System Engineering","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114593221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The application of electric vehicles has its own disadvantages which can influence the critical performance of the vehicles such as the limited capacity of the battery that play a major role in the range of mileage covered. Hence, a hybrid electric All-Terrain-Vehicle (HEATV) is a best solution as the addition of gasoline-powered engine and electric generator can extend the range covered by an electric ATV. In order to determine the effectiveness of the hybrid configuration, a dynamic simulation model need to be developed by Energetic Macroscopic Representation Method (EMR) to analyze the performance of the ATV. The EMR method involve the causal ordering graph and action-reaction principle together with Inversion-based Control to develop a control structure of a HEATV. The simulation test will be run on the original and modifications of the ATV where the original one only depends on EM to drive the vehicle whereas the modified vehicle include the ICE and electric generator for charging process. The simulation results of the original ATV show the decreasing trend in terms of battery state-of-charge. However, after the modifications have been done the battery state-of-charge show the increasing trend and thus, extend the range of mileage covered by an ATV.
{"title":"Dynamic Simulation Model of a Hybrid Electric ATV","authors":"Ahmad Zaki Abdillah, Z. Asus, Zul Hilmi, Che Daud","doi":"10.11113/jtse.v8.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jtse.v8.168","url":null,"abstract":"The application of electric vehicles has its own disadvantages which can influence the critical performance of the vehicles such as the limited capacity of the battery that play a major role in the range of mileage covered. Hence, a hybrid electric All-Terrain-Vehicle (HEATV) is a best solution as the addition of gasoline-powered engine and electric generator can extend the range covered by an electric ATV. In order to determine the effectiveness of the hybrid configuration, a dynamic simulation model need to be developed by Energetic Macroscopic Representation Method (EMR) to analyze the performance of the ATV. The EMR method involve the causal ordering graph and action-reaction principle together with Inversion-based Control to develop a control structure of a HEATV. The simulation test will be run on the original and modifications of the ATV where the original one only depends on EM to drive the vehicle whereas the modified vehicle include the ICE and electric generator for charging process. The simulation results of the original ATV show the decreasing trend in terms of battery state-of-charge. However, after the modifications have been done the battery state-of-charge show the increasing trend and thus, extend the range of mileage covered by an ATV.","PeriodicalId":188960,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport System Engineering","volume":"13 71","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114088803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Izzat Asyraf, Sakri Roslan, I. Mazali, Zul Hilmi, Che Daud, Mohd Kameil, Mohd Kameil ABDUL HAMID, Salman Che Kob, Z. Asus
Popularity of electric vehicle (EV) is growing very rapidly in recent times due to favourable emission regulations and its improved practicality in terms of the battery technology. Because of that, studying the rechargeable battery technologies becomes increasingly crucial. Therefore, this paper describes the work carried out to design a rechargeable battery system that integrate parameters monitoring system. The battery system was designed to be implemented in a small-scale EV that uses 10 kW electric motor. Lithium-ion battery was used in the system due to its relatively high energy capacity and charging cycles. For the monitoring system, three sensors where used; voltage sensor, current sensor and thermocouple, to measure the voltage, current and temperature, respectively. As a result, the battery’s performance and conditions can be monitored during operation.
{"title":"RECHARGEABLE BATTERY SYSTEM FOR SMALL SCALE ELECTRIC VEHICLE","authors":"Izzat Asyraf, Sakri Roslan, I. Mazali, Zul Hilmi, Che Daud, Mohd Kameil, Mohd Kameil ABDUL HAMID, Salman Che Kob, Z. Asus","doi":"10.11113/jtse.v8.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jtse.v8.172","url":null,"abstract":"Popularity of electric vehicle (EV) is growing very rapidly in recent times due to favourable emission regulations and its improved practicality in terms of the battery technology. Because of that, studying the rechargeable battery technologies becomes increasingly crucial. Therefore, this paper describes the work carried out to design a rechargeable battery system that integrate parameters monitoring system. The battery system was designed to be implemented in a small-scale EV that uses 10 kW electric motor. Lithium-ion battery was used in the system due to its relatively high energy capacity and charging cycles. For the monitoring system, three sensors where used; voltage sensor, current sensor and thermocouple, to measure the voltage, current and temperature, respectively. As a result, the battery’s performance and conditions can be monitored during operation.","PeriodicalId":188960,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport System Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131952467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hooi Siang Kang, Dr. Siow Chee Loon, J. H. Wong, M. A. Harun, M. F. Abdulhamid, I. F. Nusyirwan, A. S. A. Kadir, J. Koto, J. Y. C. Ee
Straits of Melaka and straits of Singapore are one of the most congregated seaways in the world. These seaways are the main connection for the ships travel between western part and eastern part of the world. From statistical record, there were approximately 1500 vessels passing through the straits of Melaka and straits of Singapore daily. Ship to ship collision occurs frequently at these areas due to large amount of ships movement. To assess the risk of ship collision on the Straits of Melaka and Straits of Singapore, an AIS receiver station was setup by local researchers with the fund and support from Ocean and Aerospace Research Institute, Indonesia (OCARI). A computer software is also developed to decode the AIS signal received and to assess the risk profile of the traffic using Pedersen Method (1995). This self-developed decoder and analysis software is built under the assistance and guidance from Centre of Marine Technology and Engineering, Por-tugal (CENTEC). To obtain the risk of collision between ships, the software serves to calculate the number of collision candidates by considering the ship movement pattern, average ships speed in each course, ship course, distance between ships and principle dimensions of the ships which use the Straits of Melaka and straits of Singapore. Due to the complicated traffic flow in this region, this paper only focuses in discuss the expected number of collisions in the period of time for the head-on traffic and crossing traffic. To predict the expected number of collisions in the period of time, value of causation probability obtained from literature are used. Finally, this paper also presented the traffic pattern and expected number of collisions in the period of time on Straits of Melaka and straits of Singapore based on the AIS data received between September 2019 to October 2019.
{"title":"Prediction of Ship Collision Risk on Singapore Strait Using AIS Data","authors":"Hooi Siang Kang, Dr. Siow Chee Loon, J. H. Wong, M. A. Harun, M. F. Abdulhamid, I. F. Nusyirwan, A. S. A. Kadir, J. Koto, J. Y. C. Ee","doi":"10.11113/jtse.v8.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jtse.v8.173","url":null,"abstract":"Straits of Melaka and straits of Singapore are one of the most congregated seaways in the world. These seaways are the main connection for the ships travel between western part and eastern part of the world. From statistical record, there were approximately 1500 vessels passing through the straits of Melaka and straits of Singapore daily. Ship to ship collision occurs frequently at these areas due to large amount of ships movement. To assess the risk of ship collision on the Straits of Melaka and Straits of Singapore, an AIS receiver station was setup by local researchers with the fund and support from Ocean and Aerospace Research Institute, Indonesia (OCARI). A computer software is also developed to decode the AIS signal received and to assess the risk profile of the traffic using Pedersen Method (1995). This self-developed decoder and analysis software is built under the assistance and guidance from Centre of Marine Technology and Engineering, Por-tugal (CENTEC). To obtain the risk of collision between ships, the software serves to calculate the number of collision candidates by considering the ship movement pattern, average ships speed in each course, ship course, distance between ships and principle dimensions of the ships which use the Straits of Melaka and straits of Singapore. Due to the complicated traffic flow in this region, this paper only focuses in discuss the expected number of collisions in the period of time for the head-on traffic and crossing traffic. To predict the expected number of collisions in the period of time, value of causation probability obtained from literature are used. Finally, this paper also presented the traffic pattern and expected number of collisions in the period of time on Straits of Melaka and straits of Singapore based on the AIS data received between September 2019 to October 2019.","PeriodicalId":188960,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport System Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124967758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-fidelity (HF) model always provides better performance in assessing vehicle suspension system design compared to low-fidelity (LF) model. However, HF model is computationally expensive. On the contrary, LF model, which depends on a few parameters allow the simulation of ’what-if’ problem run faster and the results potentially comparable with HF model. This research attempts to conduct feasibility study on LF model using the surrogate model for the application of vehicle suspension study. The surrogate models are classified into three types which are Response-Based (RB) model, Variable-Based (VB) model, and Parameter-Based (PB) model. Through three statistical metrics and graphical interpretation, the results show that VB model gave the most superior performance compared to RB model and PB model.
{"title":"FEASIBILITY STUDY OF SURROGATE MODEL FOR THE APPLICATION OF VEHICLE SUSPENSION SYSTEM","authors":"A. Dzakaria, S. Mansor, S.A.A Bakar","doi":"10.11113/jtse.v8.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jtse.v8.170","url":null,"abstract":"High-fidelity (HF) model always provides better performance in assessing vehicle suspension system design compared to low-fidelity (LF) model. However, HF model is computationally expensive. On the contrary, LF model, which depends on a few parameters allow the simulation of ’what-if’ problem run faster and the results potentially comparable with HF model. This research attempts to conduct feasibility study on LF model using the surrogate model for the application of vehicle suspension study. The surrogate models are classified into three types which are Response-Based (RB) model, Variable-Based (VB) model, and Parameter-Based (PB) model. Through three statistical metrics and graphical interpretation, the results show that VB model gave the most superior performance compared to RB model and PB model.","PeriodicalId":188960,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport System Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124478706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This thesis project presents the proposed method of modifying the length of the passenger vessel hull. The aim of this thesis project is to evaluate the method proposed and validate the performance of the hull. The scope of the work covers the literature and background study of previous work regarding the effect of changing the hull’s length, performing different cases of lengthening the hull and finally suggesting the new elongate hull form that gives the best performance. Few types of software are used such as Maxsurf Modeler, Maxsurf Resistance, Maxsurf Stability and Rhinoceros 5 3D.
{"title":"The Effect of Hull Elongation to the Vessel’s Performance for Small Ship","authors":"Y. Samian, Ain Nur Atiqah Mohd Shah","doi":"10.11113/jtse.v8.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jtse.v8.147","url":null,"abstract":"This thesis project presents the proposed method of modifying the length of the passenger vessel hull. The aim of this thesis project is to evaluate the method proposed and validate the performance of the hull. The scope of the work covers the literature and background study of previous work regarding the effect of changing the hull’s length, performing different cases of lengthening the hull and finally suggesting the new elongate hull form that gives the best performance. Few types of software are used such as Maxsurf Modeler, Maxsurf Resistance, Maxsurf Stability and Rhinoceros 5 3D.","PeriodicalId":188960,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport System Engineering","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127836356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Amir, Ab Rahman, Z. Asus, Zul Hilmi, Che Daud
The purpose of this project is to improve the existing tire or wheel clamp design. The wheel clamp targets the comprehensive use in UTM to replace the heavy and inconvenient products. If this project is well received by its user, it may expand its use in many places in the future. This design is more lightweight and compact if compared to most existing product in market. The usage of three arms to lock the wheel or tire ensures its stability. CAD model of the design is developed using Solidworks software and the analysis is using Finite element analysis in Solidworks simulation. Stress, strain, displacement, and factor of safety analysis results from FEA analysis are studied and discussed with a focus on the critical location of the design. A full-size prototype cannot be done as during the execution of this project, Movement Control Order (MCO) by the government due to the spreading of the COVID-19 virus has taking place. A half scale model of the initial design is printed in 3D to check its functionality. Furtherimprovements of the design are showed through simulation and animation using Solidworks.
{"title":"Portable and Compact Tire-Clamping Mechanism for Medium Sized Tire","authors":"Mohammed Amir, Ab Rahman, Z. Asus, Zul Hilmi, Che Daud","doi":"10.11113/jtse.v8.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jtse.v8.142","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this project is to improve the existing tire or wheel clamp design. The wheel clamp targets the comprehensive use in UTM to replace the heavy and inconvenient products. If this project is well received by its user, it may expand its use in many places in the future. This design is more lightweight and compact if compared to most existing product in market. The usage of three arms to lock the wheel or tire ensures its stability. CAD model of the design is developed using Solidworks software and the analysis is using Finite element analysis in Solidworks simulation. Stress, strain, displacement, and factor of safety analysis results from FEA analysis are studied and discussed with a focus on the critical location of the design. A full-size prototype cannot be done as during the execution of this project, Movement Control Order (MCO) by the government due to the spreading of the COVID-19 virus has taking place. A half scale model of the initial design is printed in 3D to check its functionality. Furtherimprovements of the design are showed through simulation and animation using Solidworks.","PeriodicalId":188960,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport System Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125152078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advance Marine Vessel, Semi-SWATH is a potential vessel design for offshore operation. Fin stabilizer is an essential component for Semi-SWATH to handle the instability in rough weather. Therefore, the best design for the fin stabilizer should be chosen to ensure good Semi SWATH performance including optimum powering and seakeeping criteria in various conditions. However, seakeeping analysis of semi-SWATH in free floating condition is less available than in high-speed condition. The hydrodynamic analysis of the fin stabilizer on Semi SWATH vessel is very essential in free-floating condition to maximize the function of fins on Semi SWATH. In this paper, the hydrodynamic analysis of fin stabilizer for free floating semi-SWATH is analysed at zero degrees fin angle. In this research, the hydrodynamic of semi-SWATH is obtaining from CFD simulation. Analysis results indicate that reduction of pitch angle for free floating up until 9.8% is obtained with fin stabilizer for wave length ratio 4.2.
{"title":"HYDRODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF FIN STABILIZER FOR FREEFLOATING SEMI SWATH","authors":"Arifah Ali, Bong Kai Lun","doi":"10.11113/jtse.v8.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/jtse.v8.150","url":null,"abstract":"Advance Marine Vessel, Semi-SWATH is a potential vessel design for offshore operation. Fin stabilizer is an essential component for Semi-SWATH to handle the instability in rough weather. Therefore, the best design for the fin stabilizer should be chosen to ensure good Semi SWATH performance including optimum powering and seakeeping criteria in various conditions. However, seakeeping analysis of semi-SWATH in free floating condition is less available than in high-speed condition. The hydrodynamic analysis of the fin stabilizer on Semi SWATH vessel is very essential in free-floating condition to maximize the function of fins on Semi SWATH. In this paper, the hydrodynamic analysis of fin stabilizer for free floating semi-SWATH is analysed at zero degrees fin angle. In this research, the hydrodynamic of semi-SWATH is obtaining from CFD simulation. Analysis results indicate that reduction of pitch angle for free floating up until 9.8% is obtained with fin stabilizer for wave length ratio 4.2.","PeriodicalId":188960,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transport System Engineering","volume":"61 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133579283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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