Movement Disorders Clinical Practice最新文献

Background: Motor overflow phenomenon has been described in a variety of neurodegenerative conditions. Often referred to in the literature as "mirror" movements, this phenomenon actually represents a motor overflow, typically involving the contralateral limbs. This phenomenon has not been previously characterized in the facial or jaw muscles.

Objectives: We aim to describe the motor overflow phenomenon in orofacial muscles.

Methods: We examined videos of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) from our video library who were undergoing standard OFF and ON assessments for deep brain stimulation evaluation for any evidence of involuntary movements in the face or mouth.

Results: Of the evaluated patients, 32% showed evidence of mouth motor overflow movements upon activation by rapid sequential movements (RSM) in the limbs.

Conclusion: In this study designed to systematically evaluate patients with PD for mouth motor overflow movements, we found that a third of the patients exhibited this phenomenon.

Background: Adductor respiratory laryngeal dystonia (ARLD) is a rare focal dystonia with vocal fold closure during inspiration leading to stridor and dyspnoea.

Objectives: To characterize clinical features and outcomes of patients with ARLD at a tertiary movement disorders center.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients with adductor respiratory laryngeal dystonia attending a botulinum toxin injection clinic.

Results: Nineteen patients were identified. Most were female (94.7%). Mean age of onset was 51.9 years (range 39-89). Comorbid movement disorders included laryngeal dystonia, cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, dystonic tremor, and Parkinson's disease. Median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 3.0 years (IQR 2.0-15.0). 92.8% of injections with botulinum toxin were effective, although 46.2% were associated with adverse events.

Conclusions: ARLD is associated with diagnostic delay. Symptoms of stridor alongside other movement disorders may provide clues. Treatment with botulinum toxin is effective, though careful dosing is required.

Background: Predicting falls in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is challenging despite their significant frequency and consequences.

Objectives: To determine incidences of first fall, walking aid requirement, and identify risk factors of subsequent risk, including factors unrelated to PD.

Methods: Study in 415 PD patients (DIGPD prospective cohort). Cumulative incidence curves were calculated and Generalized Linear Mixed Models investigated influencing factors.

Results: Five years after diagnosis, 26.1% of patients experienced falls while only 2.1% required walking aids; after 10 years, it rose to 66.5% and 17%, respectively. Median time to first fall was 7.9 years. Risk factors of falls were cognitive decline, freezing, comorbidities such as diabetes and depression, history of falls particularly in male, or low Body Mass Index (BMIs). Walking aids risk factors were older age, freezing, lower walking speed, higher BMIs, history of walking aid.

Conclusions: Treatable comorbidities (depression, diabetes, weight regulation) should be addressed in daily care to avoid falls in PD patients.

Objective: To honor the bicentenary of Jean-Martin Charcot's birth and to consolidate the primary materials from a historical exhibit on the topic at the 2025 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Congress, this article aims to provide an overview of Charcot's place in the context of 21st century movement disorders neurology.

Background: Charcot (1825-1893) is largely considered the Father of Clinical Neurology, having established the basic discipline of anatomo-clinical correlations in brain and spinal cord disease. His contributions to movement disorders neurology were seminal and remain as anchors of 21st century neurological study.

Methods: Original and secondary sources from international archives and collections served as the material for study and interpretation.

Results: Charcot fundamentally contributed to the clinical descriptions of Parkinson's disease, other parkinsonian syndromes, tremor conditions, tic disorders and chorea. Whereas he performed extensive neuroanatomical studies, he classified most movement disorders as névroses, conditions with undetected structural lesions yet to be defined.

Conclusions: Charcot developed a clear classification system for movement disorders that largely remains intact today. He developed a French School of Neurology of both historical and modern fame, and, in introducing the model of an academic clinical hospital research center as multidimensional integration of clinical care, research, and education, he left a legacy that remains the model of the 21st century neurological research center.