Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0022
V. L. Rodrigues, H. C. Guabiroba, C. C. Vilar, Ryan Andrades, Alexandre Villela, M. Hostim-Silva, J. Joyeux
Abstract The Doce River has undergone severe changes over the last centuries (e.g., flow regulation, pollution, habitat and species loss). Here, we present the first comprehensive fish biodiversity assessment of the Doce River estuary and a summary of the main impacts and their drivers for the whole river since the early 18th century. Carangiformes, Siluriformes and Eupercaria incertae sedis were the most representative orders for the 115 species recorded. Most species are native (87.8%), euryhaline/peripheral (80%) and zoobenthivorous (33.9%). Threatened (Paragenidens grandoculis, Genidens barbus, and Lutjanus cyanopterus) and near threatened (Cynoscion acoupa, Dormitator maculatus, Lutjanus jocu, Lutjanus synagris, and Mugil liza) species are peripheral. Thirteen species are exotic at the country (Butis koilomatodon, Coptodon rendalli, and Oreochromis niloticus) or the basin level (e.g., Pygocentrus nattereri and Salminus brasiliensis). The catfish Cathorops cf. arenatus is reported for the first time on the eastern coast of Brazil and Paragenidens grandoculis, considered extinct in the Doce River, was discovered in the estuary.
{"title":"Fish biodiversity of a tropical estuary under severe anthropic pressure (Doce River, Brazil)","authors":"V. L. Rodrigues, H. C. Guabiroba, C. C. Vilar, Ryan Andrades, Alexandre Villela, M. Hostim-Silva, J. Joyeux","doi":"10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Doce River has undergone severe changes over the last centuries (e.g., flow regulation, pollution, habitat and species loss). Here, we present the first comprehensive fish biodiversity assessment of the Doce River estuary and a summary of the main impacts and their drivers for the whole river since the early 18th century. Carangiformes, Siluriformes and Eupercaria incertae sedis were the most representative orders for the 115 species recorded. Most species are native (87.8%), euryhaline/peripheral (80%) and zoobenthivorous (33.9%). Threatened (Paragenidens grandoculis, Genidens barbus, and Lutjanus cyanopterus) and near threatened (Cynoscion acoupa, Dormitator maculatus, Lutjanus jocu, Lutjanus synagris, and Mugil liza) species are peripheral. Thirteen species are exotic at the country (Butis koilomatodon, Coptodon rendalli, and Oreochromis niloticus) or the basin level (e.g., Pygocentrus nattereri and Salminus brasiliensis). The catfish Cathorops cf. arenatus is reported for the first time on the eastern coast of Brazil and Paragenidens grandoculis, considered extinct in the Doce River, was discovered in the estuary.","PeriodicalId":19103,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Ichthyology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67200176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0025
F. F. Bastos, L. Lima, S. Tobar, V. C. Cunha Bastos, J. Cunha Bastos
Abstract Functional enzyme assays to detect sublethal poisoning of Neotropical fish are paramount. Accordingly, we assayed a glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in liver and kidney cytosols from Piaractus mesopotamicus injected with methyl parathion or benzo[a]pyrene using the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), which is the usual substrate for assaying a known general activity of GST. Since the most reactive substrate is required to reveal specific changes in enzyme activity, we also used two alternative substrates, 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB) and ethacrynic acid (ETHA). Activities with CDNB or ETHA did not change. However, assays with DCNB showed that methyl parathion caused a decrease in GST activity in the liver on the 24th, 48th and 96th hour after the injection. DCNB also revealed that GST activity in the liver increased seven days after benzo[a]pyrene injection, coming down to normal after fourteen days. Benzo[a]pyrene, but not methyl parathion, increased the activities with DCNB in cytosol from the kidney seven and fourteen days after the injection. Thus, a decreased liver GST activity assayed with DCNB corresponded to contamination of P. mesopotamicus with methyl parathion. The increase of this GST activity in the liver and the kidney correlates to pacu contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
{"title":"A typical enzyme activity for glutathione conjugation indicates exposure of pacu to pollutants","authors":"F. F. Bastos, L. Lima, S. Tobar, V. C. Cunha Bastos, J. Cunha Bastos","doi":"10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Functional enzyme assays to detect sublethal poisoning of Neotropical fish are paramount. Accordingly, we assayed a glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in liver and kidney cytosols from Piaractus mesopotamicus injected with methyl parathion or benzo[a]pyrene using the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), which is the usual substrate for assaying a known general activity of GST. Since the most reactive substrate is required to reveal specific changes in enzyme activity, we also used two alternative substrates, 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB) and ethacrynic acid (ETHA). Activities with CDNB or ETHA did not change. However, assays with DCNB showed that methyl parathion caused a decrease in GST activity in the liver on the 24th, 48th and 96th hour after the injection. DCNB also revealed that GST activity in the liver increased seven days after benzo[a]pyrene injection, coming down to normal after fourteen days. Benzo[a]pyrene, but not methyl parathion, increased the activities with DCNB in cytosol from the kidney seven and fourteen days after the injection. Thus, a decreased liver GST activity assayed with DCNB corresponded to contamination of P. mesopotamicus with methyl parathion. The increase of this GST activity in the liver and the kidney correlates to pacu contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.","PeriodicalId":19103,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Ichthyology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67200178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0009
L. Peixoto, M. D. De Pinna
Abstract The present study offers a broad comparative analysis of the dorsolateral head musculature in the Gymnotiformes, with detailed descriptions and illustrations of the dorsolateral head muscles of 83 species representing combined all valid genera. Results permit a detailed assessment of primary homologies and taxonomically-relevant variation across the order. This provides the basis for a myological synonymy, which organizes 33 previously proposed names for 15 recognized muscles. Morphological variation derived from dorsolateral head musculature was coded into 56 characters. When analyzed in isolation, that set of characters results in Gymnotidae as the sister group of remaining gymnotiforms, and all other currently recognized families as monophyletic groups. In a second analysis, myological characters were concatenated with other previously proposed characters into a phenotypic matrix. Results of that analysis reveal new myological synapomorphies for nearly all taxonomic categories within Gymnotiformes. A Partitioned Bremer Support (PBS) was used to asses the significance of comparative myology in elucidating phylogenetic relationships. PBS values show strongly non-uniform distributions on the tree, with positive scores skewed towards more inclusive taxa, and negative PBS values concentrated on less inclusive clades. Our results provide background for future studies on biomechanical constraints evolved in the early stages of gymnotiform evolution.
{"title":"Patterns of diversification and phylogenetic structure in the dorsolateral head musculature of Neotropical electric eels (Ostariophysi: Gymnotiformes), with a myological synonymy","authors":"L. Peixoto, M. D. De Pinna","doi":"10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study offers a broad comparative analysis of the dorsolateral head musculature in the Gymnotiformes, with detailed descriptions and illustrations of the dorsolateral head muscles of 83 species representing combined all valid genera. Results permit a detailed assessment of primary homologies and taxonomically-relevant variation across the order. This provides the basis for a myological synonymy, which organizes 33 previously proposed names for 15 recognized muscles. Morphological variation derived from dorsolateral head musculature was coded into 56 characters. When analyzed in isolation, that set of characters results in Gymnotidae as the sister group of remaining gymnotiforms, and all other currently recognized families as monophyletic groups. In a second analysis, myological characters were concatenated with other previously proposed characters into a phenotypic matrix. Results of that analysis reveal new myological synapomorphies for nearly all taxonomic categories within Gymnotiformes. A Partitioned Bremer Support (PBS) was used to asses the significance of comparative myology in elucidating phylogenetic relationships. PBS values show strongly non-uniform distributions on the tree, with positive scores skewed towards more inclusive taxa, and negative PBS values concentrated on less inclusive clades. Our results provide background for future studies on biomechanical constraints evolved in the early stages of gymnotiform evolution.","PeriodicalId":19103,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Ichthyology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67198423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0130
M. Cetra, G. Mattox, P. Romero, S. Escobar
Abstract The Serranias Costeiras of the Ribeira de Iguape River basin comprise landscapes with steep slopes, where many streams are contained in protected areas. We evaluated the importance of these protected areas for stream fish diversity. We sampled the ichthyofauna during the dry season of 2010, 2018 and 2019 in 36 stream stretches. We used beta diversity measures and estimated species richness and dark diversity in streams from two types of protected areas (full protection, FP and sustainable use, SU) and outside (Out). The altitude-width and velocity gradient of the streams explained the species turnover. The PA type promoted the richness difference, with FP streams having less species richness than SU and outside. Streams from FP presented lower species richness and dark diversity. These results indicate that the few species in FPs are well protected. The FP streams contain a relevant proportion of the regional species pool and, therefore, are essential for conserving fish stream diversity in the study region. On the other hand, streams from SU or Out have higher species richness, but their fish fauna is more vulnerable. Due to longitudinal stream connectivity, we highlight the importance of rethinking the limits of protected areas.
Ribeira de Iguape河流域的Serranias Costeiras拥有陡峭的斜坡景观，其中许多溪流被包含在保护区中。我们评估了这些保护区对河流鱼类多样性的重要性。我们在2010年、2018年和2019年的旱季对36条溪流的鱼类进行了取样。采用beta多样性测量方法，估算了两种类型保护区(充分保护、FP和可持续利用、SU)和外部保护区(Out)河流的物种丰富度和暗多样性。溪流的高度宽度和流速梯度解释了物种更替。PA类型促进了物种丰富度的差异，FP溪流的物种丰富度低于SU和外部。FP河流的物种丰富度和暗多样性较低。这些结果表明，FPs中少数物种受到了很好的保护。FP流包含了区域物种库的相关比例，因此对保护研究区域的鱼类流多样性至关重要。另一方面，来自SU或Out的河流具有更高的物种丰富度，但其鱼类区系更脆弱。由于纵向河流的连通性，我们强调重新思考保护区界限的重要性。
{"title":"Protected areas and compositional diversity of fish from Serranias Costeiras of the Ribeira de Iguape River basin, Southeast Brazil","authors":"M. Cetra, G. Mattox, P. Romero, S. Escobar","doi":"10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0130","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Serranias Costeiras of the Ribeira de Iguape River basin comprise landscapes with steep slopes, where many streams are contained in protected areas. We evaluated the importance of these protected areas for stream fish diversity. We sampled the ichthyofauna during the dry season of 2010, 2018 and 2019 in 36 stream stretches. We used beta diversity measures and estimated species richness and dark diversity in streams from two types of protected areas (full protection, FP and sustainable use, SU) and outside (Out). The altitude-width and velocity gradient of the streams explained the species turnover. The PA type promoted the richness difference, with FP streams having less species richness than SU and outside. Streams from FP presented lower species richness and dark diversity. These results indicate that the few species in FPs are well protected. The FP streams contain a relevant proportion of the regional species pool and, therefore, are essential for conserving fish stream diversity in the study region. On the other hand, streams from SU or Out have higher species richness, but their fish fauna is more vulnerable. Due to longitudinal stream connectivity, we highlight the importance of rethinking the limits of protected areas.","PeriodicalId":19103,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Ichthyology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67199612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0155
Karla Fernanda Sanches Rodrigues, W. Smith
Abstract Fish are often used as bioindicators of the presence of potentially toxic metals in aquatic ecosystems. The objective of these study was to quantify the levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn in water and sediment samples from the Sorocaba River and musculature and gill samples of seven species of fish (Hoplosternum littorale, Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii, Hypostomus ancistroides, Geophagus iporangensis, Prochilodus lineatus, Psalidodon cf. fasciatus, and Rhamdia quelen. In addition, the Bioaccumulation factor and Bioconcentration factor were obtained. The water and sediment analysis indicates average concentrations of metals below the maximum limit allowed by Brazilian legislation. Results above the legislation were found for chromium, in 18 samples: eight gills and 10 muscles. The trophic group that presented the highest contamination was the iliophages, followed by insectivores. There were no significant differences between the trophic groups in the absorption of the analyzed metals except for Zn and Hg in fish gills. The bioaccumulation factor in the gills and muscles showed that Hg and Zn had the highest values for the sediment in most species studied. Future research is needed to broaden the assessment as fish are consumed and water collection for supply has recently started downstream of the studied area.
{"title":"Assessment of potentially toxic metals in water, sediment, and the tissues of seven important fish species from neotropical brazilian river","authors":"Karla Fernanda Sanches Rodrigues, W. Smith","doi":"10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0155","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fish are often used as bioindicators of the presence of potentially toxic metals in aquatic ecosystems. The objective of these study was to quantify the levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn in water and sediment samples from the Sorocaba River and musculature and gill samples of seven species of fish (Hoplosternum littorale, Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii, Hypostomus ancistroides, Geophagus iporangensis, Prochilodus lineatus, Psalidodon cf. fasciatus, and Rhamdia quelen. In addition, the Bioaccumulation factor and Bioconcentration factor were obtained. The water and sediment analysis indicates average concentrations of metals below the maximum limit allowed by Brazilian legislation. Results above the legislation were found for chromium, in 18 samples: eight gills and 10 muscles. The trophic group that presented the highest contamination was the iliophages, followed by insectivores. There were no significant differences between the trophic groups in the absorption of the analyzed metals except for Zn and Hg in fish gills. The bioaccumulation factor in the gills and muscles showed that Hg and Zn had the highest values for the sediment in most species studied. Future research is needed to broaden the assessment as fish are consumed and water collection for supply has recently started downstream of the studied area.","PeriodicalId":19103,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Ichthyology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67199870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0139
Diego A. Ardón, C. McMahan, E. Velázquez-Velázquez, Wilfredo A. Matamoros
Abstract Body-shape variability may respond to the interaction between history and environment, particularly in species whose range includes known biogeographical barriers. Central America has traditionally been regarded to have functioned as a complete land-bridge connecting two continents since the Plio-Pleistocene and as an incomplete one since much earlier. This history has helped shape species diversification and distributions. Vieja maculicauda is a widely distributed cichlid, found throughout most of the Atlantic slope of Central America, across three of the four geological blocks that make up this region and whose borders are known dispersal barriers. We asked whether there is an effect of geologic blocks on body shape of V. maculicauda as determined by geometric morphometric assessment of 151 individuals from across its range. We asked how much variance in body shape is explained by environmental variables. We used a CVA and a MANCOVA to determine whether a relationship between body shape and geologic blocks exists. For testing body shape correlation against geographic and environmental variables, we used a Mantel test. Our results suggest that body shape in V. maculicauda can be segregated by geologic blocks, while the correlation results showed no strong correlation between our sets of variables.
{"title":"Testing spatial and environmental factors to explain body shape variation in the widespread Central American Blackbelt cichlid Vieja maculicauda (Teleostei: Cichlidae)","authors":"Diego A. Ardón, C. McMahan, E. Velázquez-Velázquez, Wilfredo A. Matamoros","doi":"10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0139","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Body-shape variability may respond to the interaction between history and environment, particularly in species whose range includes known biogeographical barriers. Central America has traditionally been regarded to have functioned as a complete land-bridge connecting two continents since the Plio-Pleistocene and as an incomplete one since much earlier. This history has helped shape species diversification and distributions. Vieja maculicauda is a widely distributed cichlid, found throughout most of the Atlantic slope of Central America, across three of the four geological blocks that make up this region and whose borders are known dispersal barriers. We asked whether there is an effect of geologic blocks on body shape of V. maculicauda as determined by geometric morphometric assessment of 151 individuals from across its range. We asked how much variance in body shape is explained by environmental variables. We used a CVA and a MANCOVA to determine whether a relationship between body shape and geologic blocks exists. For testing body shape correlation against geographic and environmental variables, we used a Mantel test. Our results suggest that body shape in V. maculicauda can be segregated by geologic blocks, while the correlation results showed no strong correlation between our sets of variables.","PeriodicalId":19103,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Ichthyology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67200058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0147
Sandro Tonello, D. Blanco, Fiorindo J. Cerqueira, N. L. Lira, J. B. Traldi, C. S. Pavanelli, V. P. Margarido, Mariane Gavazzoni, Marcos V. Pupo, R. L. Lui
Abstract This study aimed to identify species of Astyanax bimaculatus group from four Itaipu Reservoir tributaries (Paraná River Basin) by cytogenetics and molecular markers (COI) to investigate the possible occurrence of cryptic diversity in part of this basin. The four populations showed only one karyotype formula and simple AgNORs. FISH with 18S rDNA probe showed a high variation, and 5S rDNA probes evidenced simple sites in most of the specimens, although multiple sites are present in two specimens. The variations of 5S and 18S cistrons generated 13 cytotypes. The molecular data did not reveal cryptic diversity in the populations; however, its grouping with 82 sequences from other stretches of the Paraná River Basin originated three haplogroups (distances of 3.12% and 8.82%) and 33 haplotypes were identified. DNA Barcode suggests that cytogenetic variations represent a high polymorphism degree, and it identified the analyzed specimens as Astyanax lacustris, which confirms the morphological identification. Our data suggest that the cryptic diversity of this group in the tributaries of the Paraná River Basin is different than the proposed by the synonymizations of A. altiparanae and A. asuncionensis to A. lacustris. This study reinforces the importance of integrative cytogenetics and molecular methods for taxonomy.
{"title":"High rDNA polymorphisms in Astyanax lacustris (Characiformes: Characidae): new insights about the cryptic diversity in A. bimaculatus species complex with emphasis on the Paraná River basin","authors":"Sandro Tonello, D. Blanco, Fiorindo J. Cerqueira, N. L. Lira, J. B. Traldi, C. S. Pavanelli, V. P. Margarido, Mariane Gavazzoni, Marcos V. Pupo, R. L. Lui","doi":"10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0147","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aimed to identify species of Astyanax bimaculatus group from four Itaipu Reservoir tributaries (Paraná River Basin) by cytogenetics and molecular markers (COI) to investigate the possible occurrence of cryptic diversity in part of this basin. The four populations showed only one karyotype formula and simple AgNORs. FISH with 18S rDNA probe showed a high variation, and 5S rDNA probes evidenced simple sites in most of the specimens, although multiple sites are present in two specimens. The variations of 5S and 18S cistrons generated 13 cytotypes. The molecular data did not reveal cryptic diversity in the populations; however, its grouping with 82 sequences from other stretches of the Paraná River Basin originated three haplogroups (distances of 3.12% and 8.82%) and 33 haplotypes were identified. DNA Barcode suggests that cytogenetic variations represent a high polymorphism degree, and it identified the analyzed specimens as Astyanax lacustris, which confirms the morphological identification. Our data suggest that the cryptic diversity of this group in the tributaries of the Paraná River Basin is different than the proposed by the synonymizations of A. altiparanae and A. asuncionensis to A. lacustris. This study reinforces the importance of integrative cytogenetics and molecular methods for taxonomy.","PeriodicalId":19103,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Ichthyology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67199774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0056
M. Escobar L, I. Farias, T. Hrbek
Recently, the large migratory fishes of the family Serrasalmidae ( Piaractus brachypomus and P. orinoquensis ) were described as restricted to the Orinoco and Amazon basins. Both species provide important ecosystem services. They also are an important fisheries resource, which has caused that their populations have decreased in recent years. National fisheries policies still consider both species as one, which leads to inefficiencies in their management and conservation. The aim of this study was to genetically characterize these two species, using microsatellite and mitochondrial markers, and discuss the implication of these results for conservation and management. We found that both species have moderate genetic diversity and varied patterns of genetic distribution in the fluvial landscape. Piaractus brachypomus presented genetic diversity of A=6.5; He=0.72; Ho=0.67; Ĥ=1.000; ᴫ =0.0092, three management units related to the evolutionary process of the Amazon basin and the effective sizes of local populations were smaller compared to P. orinoquensis , which presented genetic diversity of A=6.1; He=0.66; Ho=0.55; Ĥ=0.968; ᴫ =0.010 and comprises only one management unit. These results demonstrate the need to design management policies that focus on species and geographically restricted populations.
{"title":"Genetic comparison of populations of Piaractus brachypomus and P. orinoquensis (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) of the Amazon and Orinoco basins","authors":"M. Escobar L, I. Farias, T. Hrbek","doi":"10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0056","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the large migratory fishes of the family Serrasalmidae ( Piaractus brachypomus and P. orinoquensis ) were described as restricted to the Orinoco and Amazon basins. Both species provide important ecosystem services. They also are an important fisheries resource, which has caused that their populations have decreased in recent years. National fisheries policies still consider both species as one, which leads to inefficiencies in their management and conservation. The aim of this study was to genetically characterize these two species, using microsatellite and mitochondrial markers, and discuss the implication of these results for conservation and management. We found that both species have moderate genetic diversity and varied patterns of genetic distribution in the fluvial landscape. Piaractus brachypomus presented genetic diversity of A=6.5; He=0.72; Ho=0.67; Ĥ=1.000; ᴫ =0.0092, three management units related to the evolutionary process of the Amazon basin and the effective sizes of local populations were smaller compared to P. orinoquensis , which presented genetic diversity of A=6.1; He=0.66; Ho=0.55; Ĥ=0.968; ᴫ =0.010 and comprises only one management unit. These results demonstrate the need to design management policies that focus on species and geographically restricted populations.","PeriodicalId":19103,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Ichthyology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67199819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0166
Beatriz R. Boza, V. P. Cruz, G. Stabile, M. Rotundo, F. Foresti, C. Oliveira
Abstract The largehead hairtail, Trichiurus lepturus, is an opportunistic, voracious, and piscivorous predator. Studies of fish feeding behavior based on the analysis of stomach contents are limited by the potential for the visual identification of the ingesta. However, molecular tools, in particular DNA barcoding, have been used successfully to identify stomach contents. When morphological analyses are not possible, molecular tools can precisely identify the components of the diet of a fish based on its stomach contents. This study used mini barcoding to identify food items ingested by T. lepturus off the northern coast of São Paulo State, Brazil. Forty-six sequences were obtained and were diagnosed as belonging to six different fish species: Pimelodus maculatus, Paralonchurus brasiliensis, Isopisthus parvipinnis, Opisthonema oglinum, Harengula clupeola, and Pellona harroweri or as belonging to the genera Lycengraulis and Sardinella. Trichiurus lepturus is an opportunistic predator that will exploit an available prey of an appropriate size. The results indicate that these fish migrate to warmer waters, such as those found in estuarine environments, at certain times of the year, where they exploit prey species that reproduce in this environment. One example was Pimelodus maculatus, which was the prey species most exploited based on the analysis of the material collected.
{"title":"Mini DNA barcodes reveal the details of the foraging ecology of the largehead hairtail, Trichiurus lepturus (Scombriformes: Trichiuridae), from São Paulo, Brazil","authors":"Beatriz R. Boza, V. P. Cruz, G. Stabile, M. Rotundo, F. Foresti, C. Oliveira","doi":"10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0166","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The largehead hairtail, Trichiurus lepturus, is an opportunistic, voracious, and piscivorous predator. Studies of fish feeding behavior based on the analysis of stomach contents are limited by the potential for the visual identification of the ingesta. However, molecular tools, in particular DNA barcoding, have been used successfully to identify stomach contents. When morphological analyses are not possible, molecular tools can precisely identify the components of the diet of a fish based on its stomach contents. This study used mini barcoding to identify food items ingested by T. lepturus off the northern coast of São Paulo State, Brazil. Forty-six sequences were obtained and were diagnosed as belonging to six different fish species: Pimelodus maculatus, Paralonchurus brasiliensis, Isopisthus parvipinnis, Opisthonema oglinum, Harengula clupeola, and Pellona harroweri or as belonging to the genera Lycengraulis and Sardinella. Trichiurus lepturus is an opportunistic predator that will exploit an available prey of an appropriate size. The results indicate that these fish migrate to warmer waters, such as those found in estuarine environments, at certain times of the year, where they exploit prey species that reproduce in this environment. One example was Pimelodus maculatus, which was the prey species most exploited based on the analysis of the material collected.","PeriodicalId":19103,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Ichthyology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67200153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0091
Calebe Maia, G. N. Salvador, T. O. Begot, P. V. Freitas, F. Nonato, N. R. Torres, L. Juen, L. Montag
Abstract In this study, we assessed the effects of multiple land uses and local habitat variables on the composition of fish functional trophic groups (FTG’s) and on the ecomorphological traits of fish in Amazonian streams. We evaluated land use types and local habitat variables in 26 streams distributed within a land use gradient. Land use and habitat variables affected the composition of FTG’s, as evidenced by the increased abundance of diurnal channel drift feeders in areas with high dissolved oxygen and deeper thalweg. At the same time, diurnal surface pickers, as well as diggers, and ambush and stalker predators were more abundant in streams with higher canopy density. Only habitat variables affected the ecomorphological characteristics of the species. Fish with higher values of relative caudal peduncle length were positively associated with high canopy density, while fish with greater relative mouth width were negatively associated with the variables impact in the riparian zone and cover of fish shelter. The stream fish functional structure was mainly affected by the impacts caused to the local habitat resulting from different land uses. Thus, preserving forest remnants, as well as recovering degraded areas, is essential for the maintenance of aquatic biodiversity in the region.
{"title":"Fish functional responses to local habitat variation in streams within multiple land uses areas in the Amazon","authors":"Calebe Maia, G. N. Salvador, T. O. Begot, P. V. Freitas, F. Nonato, N. R. Torres, L. Juen, L. Montag","doi":"10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2022-0091","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, we assessed the effects of multiple land uses and local habitat variables on the composition of fish functional trophic groups (FTG’s) and on the ecomorphological traits of fish in Amazonian streams. We evaluated land use types and local habitat variables in 26 streams distributed within a land use gradient. Land use and habitat variables affected the composition of FTG’s, as evidenced by the increased abundance of diurnal channel drift feeders in areas with high dissolved oxygen and deeper thalweg. At the same time, diurnal surface pickers, as well as diggers, and ambush and stalker predators were more abundant in streams with higher canopy density. Only habitat variables affected the ecomorphological characteristics of the species. Fish with higher values of relative caudal peduncle length were positively associated with high canopy density, while fish with greater relative mouth width were negatively associated with the variables impact in the riparian zone and cover of fish shelter. The stream fish functional structure was mainly affected by the impacts caused to the local habitat resulting from different land uses. Thus, preserving forest remnants, as well as recovering degraded areas, is essential for the maintenance of aquatic biodiversity in the region.","PeriodicalId":19103,"journal":{"name":"Neotropical Ichthyology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67200214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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