In aged society, the number of persons with difficulty in mastication and swallowing is increasing, and the aspiration-induced pneumonia is one of the top causes of death in the elderly. Although the detailed mechanism of aspiration is still not well understood, great efforts have been done to prevent the aspiration, and thickening of bolus has been found effective to reduce the risk of aspiration. It was pointed out earlier that excessive thickening reduces the palatability and the intake of fluids leading to dehydration and malnutrition and to formation of the residue as a risk of aspiration. In the present review, the physiological aspects of food oral processing conducted in the mouth by teeth, tongue, saliva have been introduced, and practical evaluation methods of rheological properties used in hospitals and nursing care facilities are described. Viscosity of commonly used polysaccharide-based thickening agents is described in relation with yield stress, thixotropy together with tribological aspects which play important roles in swallowing. To improve the control of texture, new thickening agents and modifying methods of rheological properties are described. Emerging methods to study the swallowing process have been also discussed. Finally, the importance of integration and collaboration of different disciplines is emphasized.
{"title":"Rheology for Safe Swallowing 1","authors":"Katsuyoshi Nishinari, Ke Zhang, Nan Yang, Zhiming Gao, Chaiwut Gamonpilas, Mihaela Turcanu, Marie-Agnès Peyron, Yapeng Fang, Yoko Nitta, Xiaolin Yao, Meng Zhao, Sayaka Ishihara, Makoto Nakauma, Takahiro Funami, Kaoru Kohyama, Hatsue Moritaka, Miki Yoshimura, Makoto Takemasa, Kazuhiro Hori, Koichiro Matsuo, Yukihiro Michiwaki, Yin Zhang, Narpinder Singh, Aaron Goh Suk Meng","doi":"10.1678/rheology.51.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1678/rheology.51.219","url":null,"abstract":"In aged society, the number of persons with difficulty in mastication and swallowing is increasing, and the aspiration-induced pneumonia is one of the top causes of death in the elderly. Although the detailed mechanism of aspiration is still not well understood, great efforts have been done to prevent the aspiration, and thickening of bolus has been found effective to reduce the risk of aspiration. It was pointed out earlier that excessive thickening reduces the palatability and the intake of fluids leading to dehydration and malnutrition and to formation of the residue as a risk of aspiration. In the present review, the physiological aspects of food oral processing conducted in the mouth by teeth, tongue, saliva have been introduced, and practical evaluation methods of rheological properties used in hospitals and nursing care facilities are described. Viscosity of commonly used polysaccharide-based thickening agents is described in relation with yield stress, thixotropy together with tribological aspects which play important roles in swallowing. To improve the control of texture, new thickening agents and modifying methods of rheological properties are described. Emerging methods to study the swallowing process have been also discussed. Finally, the importance of integration and collaboration of different disciplines is emphasized.","PeriodicalId":19282,"journal":{"name":"Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135352762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This report briefly describes the articles published in the 50th volume of the Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi (the Journal of the Society of Rheology, Japan) in 2022. The statistics are that the total number of articles is 54, and the ratio of papers in English is 0.55. The highlight is the invited review articles to the special issue commemorating the 50th volume, which showcase the recent progress and perspective of a wide range of topics by 18 up-and-coming rheologists. The other special issue was dedicated to industrial rheology, in which 6 papers were published mainly for the industrial applications of polymers.
{"title":"50巻の振返り","authors":"Yuichi Masubuchi, Jun-ichi Horinaka","doi":"10.1678/rheology.51.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1678/rheology.51.249","url":null,"abstract":"This report briefly describes the articles published in the 50th volume of the Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi (the Journal of the Society of Rheology, Japan) in 2022. The statistics are that the total number of articles is 54, and the ratio of papers in English is 0.55. The highlight is the invited review articles to the special issue commemorating the 50th volume, which showcase the recent progress and perspective of a wide range of topics by 18 up-and-coming rheologists. The other special issue was dedicated to industrial rheology, in which 6 papers were published mainly for the industrial applications of polymers.","PeriodicalId":19282,"journal":{"name":"Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135486899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effects of the preexisting crystal lamellar structure on the crystallization behavior of the other component were investigated for the blend of poly(oxymethylene)/poly(L-lactide) (POM/PLLA), using DSC, polarizing optical microscopy, SAXS, and dielectric relaxation measurements. In this system, even at a low POM fraction of 10 wt%, POM crystallized first and formed the crystal lamellar structure due to its significantly faster crystallization rate. PLLA, which crystallizes later, was found to crystallize from the unique confined space between the POM crystal lamellae. Despite the restricted space between the POM crystal lamellae, the crystallization rate of PLLA was improved compared to that of bulk PLLA. Analysis of the nucleation rate and spherulite growth rate showed that while the spherulite growth rate was slightly reduced by the presence of the POM crystal lamellae, the nucleation rate was significantly improved, which resulted in the increase of the overall crystallization rate. Furthermore, the dielectric relaxation measurements suggested that the formation of the POM crystal lamellae suppressed the mobility of the amorphous PLLA molecular chains, which is thought to contribute to the increase in the nucleation rate.
{"title":"Higher-Order Structure and Crystallization Behavior of a Crystalline/Crystalline Polymer Blend Composed of Components with Significantly Different Crystallization Rates","authors":"Hiroki Takeshita, Yuka Nagata, Norihiko Sakaguchi, Katsuhisa Tokumitsu","doi":"10.1678/rheology.51.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1678/rheology.51.203","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of the preexisting crystal lamellar structure on the crystallization behavior of the other component were investigated for the blend of poly(oxymethylene)/poly(L-lactide) (POM/PLLA), using DSC, polarizing optical microscopy, SAXS, and dielectric relaxation measurements. In this system, even at a low POM fraction of 10 wt%, POM crystallized first and formed the crystal lamellar structure due to its significantly faster crystallization rate. PLLA, which crystallizes later, was found to crystallize from the unique confined space between the POM crystal lamellae. Despite the restricted space between the POM crystal lamellae, the crystallization rate of PLLA was improved compared to that of bulk PLLA. Analysis of the nucleation rate and spherulite growth rate showed that while the spherulite growth rate was slightly reduced by the presence of the POM crystal lamellae, the nucleation rate was significantly improved, which resulted in the increase of the overall crystallization rate. Furthermore, the dielectric relaxation measurements suggested that the formation of the POM crystal lamellae suppressed the mobility of the amorphous PLLA molecular chains, which is thought to contribute to the increase in the nucleation rate.","PeriodicalId":19282,"journal":{"name":"Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135486901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the multi-chain slip-spring, the dynamics of Rouse chains connected by virtual springs called slip-springs that hop along the chain are considered. Although this approach has been proven to reproduce entangled polymer dynamics efficiently, the settings of the artificially introduced slip-springs should be carefully examined. In this study, we discussed the effect of the slip-spring degeneracy by limiting the number of anchored slip-springs on each Rouse bead to zero and one. According to the altered slip-spring statistics, we derived the compensation potential to eliminate the artifact of slip-springs on the chain statistics. With this potential, we performed numerical simulations. The results demonstrated that although we reasonably retain the Gaussian chain statistics, the dynamics deviate from the established entangled polymer dynamics because of the significant slow-down in the chain motion induced by the correlation between different slip-springs. The observed deceleration can be explained by the fact that the movement of slip-springs can be cast into an asymmetric exclusion process.
{"title":"A Multi-Chain Slip-Spring Model without the Slip-Spring Degeneracy","authors":"Yuichi Masubuchi, Yuya Doi, Takato Ishida, Takashi Uneyama","doi":"10.1678/rheology.51.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1678/rheology.51.211","url":null,"abstract":"In the multi-chain slip-spring, the dynamics of Rouse chains connected by virtual springs called slip-springs that hop along the chain are considered. Although this approach has been proven to reproduce entangled polymer dynamics efficiently, the settings of the artificially introduced slip-springs should be carefully examined. In this study, we discussed the effect of the slip-spring degeneracy by limiting the number of anchored slip-springs on each Rouse bead to zero and one. According to the altered slip-spring statistics, we derived the compensation potential to eliminate the artifact of slip-springs on the chain statistics. With this potential, we performed numerical simulations. The results demonstrated that although we reasonably retain the Gaussian chain statistics, the dynamics deviate from the established entangled polymer dynamics because of the significant slow-down in the chain motion induced by the correlation between different slip-springs. The observed deceleration can be explained by the fact that the movement of slip-springs can be cast into an asymmetric exclusion process.","PeriodicalId":19282,"journal":{"name":"Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135486904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29eCollection Date: 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3389/jaws.2023.11550
Alexander A Tzanis, Cesare Stabilini, Filip E Muysoms, Lisa Rossi, Ourania Koutsiouroumpa, Dimitris Mavridis, Michel Adamina, Umberto Bracale, Henk-Thijs Brandsma, Stéphanie O Breukink, Manuel López Cano, Samantha Cole, Suzanne Doré, Kristian Kiim Jensen, Marianne Krogsgaard, Neil J Smart, Christoffer Odensten, Chantal Tielemans, Stavros A Antoniou
Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of prophylactic mesh for the prevention of parastomal hernia in end colostomy, with the ultimate objective to summarize the evidence for an interdisciplinary, European rapid guideline. Methods: We updated a previous systematic review with de novo evidence search of PubMed from inception up to June 2022. Primary outcome was quality of life (QoL). Secondary outcomes were clinical diagnosis of parastomal hernia, surgery for parastomal hernia, and 30 day or in-hospital complications Clavien-Dindo ≥3. We utilised the revised Cochrane Tool for randomised trials (RoB 2 tool) for risk of bias assessment in the included studies. Minimally important differences were set a priori through voting of the panel members. We appraised the evidence using GRADE and we developed GRADE evidence tables. Results: We included 12 randomized trials. Meta-analysis suggested no difference in QoL between prophylactic mesh and no mesh for primary stoma construction (SMD = 0.03, 95% CI [-0.14 to 0.2], I2 = 0%, low certainty of evidence). With regard to parastomal hernia, the use of prophylactic synthetic mesh resulted in a significant risk reduction of the incidence of the event, according to data from all available randomized trials, irrespective of the follow-up period (OR = 0.33, 95% CI [0.18-0.62], I2 = 74%, moderate certainty of evidence). Sensitivity analyses according to follow-up period were in line with the primary analysis. Little to no difference in surgery for parastomal hernia was encountered after pooled analysis of 10 randomised trials (OR = 0.52, 95% CI [0.25-1.09], I2 = 14%). Finally, no significant difference was found in Clavien-Dindo grade 3 and 4 adverse events after surgery with or without the use of a prophylactic mesh (OR = 0.77, 95% CI [0.45-1.30], I2 = 0%, low certainty of evidence). Conclusion: Prophylactic synthetic mesh placement at the time of permanent end colostomy construction is likely associated with a reduced risk for parastomal hernia and may confer similar risk of peri-operative major morbidity compared to no mesh placement. There may be no difference in quality of life and surgical repair of parastomal hernia with the use of either approach.
{"title":"Update Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and GRADE Assessment of the Evidence on Parastomal Hernia Prevention-A EHS, ESCP and EAES Collaborative Project.","authors":"Alexander A Tzanis, Cesare Stabilini, Filip E Muysoms, Lisa Rossi, Ourania Koutsiouroumpa, Dimitris Mavridis, Michel Adamina, Umberto Bracale, Henk-Thijs Brandsma, Stéphanie O Breukink, Manuel López Cano, Samantha Cole, Suzanne Doré, Kristian Kiim Jensen, Marianne Krogsgaard, Neil J Smart, Christoffer Odensten, Chantal Tielemans, Stavros A Antoniou","doi":"10.3389/jaws.2023.11550","DOIUrl":"10.3389/jaws.2023.11550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effectiveness of prophylactic mesh for the prevention of parastomal hernia in end colostomy, with the ultimate objective to summarize the evidence for an interdisciplinary, European rapid guideline. <b>Methods:</b> We updated a previous systematic review with <i>de novo</i> evidence search of PubMed from inception up to June 2022. Primary outcome was quality of life (QoL). Secondary outcomes were clinical diagnosis of parastomal hernia, surgery for parastomal hernia, and 30 day or in-hospital complications Clavien-Dindo ≥3. We utilised the revised Cochrane Tool for randomised trials (RoB 2 tool) for risk of bias assessment in the included studies. Minimally important differences were set <i>a priori</i> through voting of the panel members. We appraised the evidence using GRADE and we developed GRADE evidence tables. <b>Results:</b> We included 12 randomized trials. Meta-analysis suggested no difference in QoL between prophylactic mesh and no mesh for primary stoma construction (SMD = 0.03, 95% CI [-0.14 to 0.2], I<sup>2</sup> = 0%, low certainty of evidence). With regard to parastomal hernia, the use of prophylactic synthetic mesh resulted in a significant risk reduction of the incidence of the event, according to data from all available randomized trials, irrespective of the follow-up period (OR = 0.33, 95% CI [0.18-0.62], I<sup>2</sup> = 74%, moderate certainty of evidence). Sensitivity analyses according to follow-up period were in line with the primary analysis. Little to no difference in surgery for parastomal hernia was encountered after pooled analysis of 10 randomised trials (OR = 0.52, 95% CI [0.25-1.09], I<sup>2</sup> = 14%). Finally, no significant difference was found in Clavien-Dindo grade 3 and 4 adverse events after surgery with or without the use of a prophylactic mesh (OR = 0.77, 95% CI [0.45-1.30], I<sup>2</sup> = 0%, low certainty of evidence). <b>Conclusion:</b> Prophylactic synthetic mesh placement at the time of permanent end colostomy construction is likely associated with a reduced risk for parastomal hernia and may confer similar risk of peri-operative major morbidity compared to no mesh placement. There may be no difference in quality of life and surgical repair of parastomal hernia with the use of either approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":19282,"journal":{"name":"Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi","volume":"43 1","pages":"11550"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10831653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89592337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement of Nanofluids with Rod-Like Particles in Micro Pin Fin Heat Sink Channel","authors":"T. Onishi, Takehiro Yamamoto","doi":"10.1678/rheology.51.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1678/rheology.51.169","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19282,"journal":{"name":"Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42813835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takumu Otsubo, N. Miyata, M. Iwaya, M. Endo, Naotaka Nishio, R. Hidema, Hiroshi Suzuki
{"title":"Dispersion and Flow Characteristics of Super-Hydrophobic Marshmallow-Like Gel Particles in CMC Solution for Latent Heat Transportation","authors":"Takumu Otsubo, N. Miyata, M. Iwaya, M. Endo, Naotaka Nishio, R. Hidema, Hiroshi Suzuki","doi":"10.1678/rheology.51.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1678/rheology.51.157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19282,"journal":{"name":"Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48508700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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