Summary : This review summarizes the energy recommendation adopted in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese 2020 （ DRIs 2020） . DRIs 2020 is designed to prevent the progression of frailty and malnutrition among older individuals as well as the onset and progression of chronic diseases such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. In DRIs 2020 , BMI （ target BMI range ） was adopted as the reference for maintaining an equilibrium between appropriate energy intake and expenditure. The target BMI range was de-fined for four adult age categories. Basically, the ranges were determined based on BMI values with the lowest all-cause mortality reported in observational epidemiological studies. However, for individuals aged 65 years and over, a tentative BMI range was determined by considering the actual BMI distribution for this age popula-tion and the obesity-related increased risk of disability.
{"title":"Energy Recommendation in Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese 2020: An Overview and Future Tasks","authors":"F. Katsukawa","doi":"10.4327/jsnfs.74.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.74.255","url":null,"abstract":"Summary : This review summarizes the energy recommendation adopted in the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese 2020 （ DRIs 2020） . DRIs 2020 is designed to prevent the progression of frailty and malnutrition among older individuals as well as the onset and progression of chronic diseases such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. In DRIs 2020 , BMI （ target BMI range ） was adopted as the reference for maintaining an equilibrium between appropriate energy intake and expenditure. The target BMI range was de-fined for four adult age categories. Basically, the ranges were determined based on BMI values with the lowest all-cause mortality reported in observational epidemiological studies. However, for individuals aged 65 years and over, a tentative BMI range was determined by considering the actual BMI distribution for this age popula-tion and the obesity-related increased risk of disability.","PeriodicalId":19296,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81143637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary : The sense of taste functions as a nutrient sensing system and plays regulatory roles in energy and nutrient intake. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not taste sensitivity exhibits seasonal variations in young women. The stimulation and recognition thresholds for salty, sour, sweet, umami and bitter tastes were determined during the summer （ Jul - Aug ） and winter （ Jan - Feb ） seasons in female college stu-dents. The results showed that the stimulation thresholds for salty and sweet tastes were significantly higher in the winter than in the summer. The recognition thresholds for salty, sour, sweet and bitter, but not umami, tastes were significantly higher in the winter than in the summer. These findings suggest that taste sensitivities are generally lower in winter than in summer.
{"title":"Salty, Sour, Sweet, Umami and Bitter Taste Thresholds in Female College Students: Comparison between the Summer and Winter Seasons","authors":"Yuka Yajima, M. Takazawa, Yuichi Suzuki","doi":"10.4327/jsnfs.74.297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.74.297","url":null,"abstract":"Summary : The sense of taste functions as a nutrient sensing system and plays regulatory roles in energy and nutrient intake. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not taste sensitivity exhibits seasonal variations in young women. The stimulation and recognition thresholds for salty, sour, sweet, umami and bitter tastes were determined during the summer （ Jul - Aug ） and winter （ Jan - Feb ） seasons in female college stu-dents. The results showed that the stimulation thresholds for salty and sweet tastes were significantly higher in the winter than in the summer. The recognition thresholds for salty, sour, sweet and bitter, but not umami, tastes were significantly higher in the winter than in the summer. These findings suggest that taste sensitivities are generally lower in winter than in summer.","PeriodicalId":19296,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89080799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Study of the Atherosclerosis-preventive Effects of Food Components","authors":"Y. Kishimoto","doi":"10.4327/JSNFS.74.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4327/JSNFS.74.121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19296,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi","volume":"25 1","pages":"121-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87622132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Kume, Ying Qiao, Juri Nakayama, K. Yasukawa, Y. Shimajiri, Masaaki Ito
Summary : The present study investigated the inhibitory effect of bread containing powdered Morus australis leaves on postprandial elevation of the blood glucose level. First, we assessed the 1 -deoxynojirimycin （1 -DNJ ） content and α -amylase- and maltase-inhibitory activities of bread containing powdered M. australis leaves. Sec-ond, we investigated the inhibitory effect of this bread on blood glucose elevation in healthy individuals. Al-though the level of 1 -DNJ was reduced during the bread-making process, 1 -DNJ was still present in the bread containing powdered M. australis leaves. The powdered leaves exhibited no α -amylase-inhibitory activity. Al-though the median maltase-inhibitory concentration was higher in the bread containing the powdered leaves than in the powdered leaves alone, this bread retained its maltase-inhibitory activity. Moreover, consumption of the bread containing powdered M. australis leaves suppressed postprandial elevation of the blood glucose and insulin levels to a greater degree than consumption of bread without the powdered leaves. These findings dem-onstrate that bread containing powdered M. australis leaves has an inhibitory effect on postprandial blood glucose elevation.
{"title":"Inhibitory Effect of Bread Containing Powdered Morus australis Leaves on Postprandial Elevation of Blood Glucose","authors":"D. Kume, Ying Qiao, Juri Nakayama, K. Yasukawa, Y. Shimajiri, Masaaki Ito","doi":"10.4327/JSNFS.74.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4327/JSNFS.74.15","url":null,"abstract":"Summary : The present study investigated the inhibitory effect of bread containing powdered Morus australis leaves on postprandial elevation of the blood glucose level. First, we assessed the 1 -deoxynojirimycin （1 -DNJ ） content and α -amylase- and maltase-inhibitory activities of bread containing powdered M. australis leaves. Sec-ond, we investigated the inhibitory effect of this bread on blood glucose elevation in healthy individuals. Al-though the level of 1 -DNJ was reduced during the bread-making process, 1 -DNJ was still present in the bread containing powdered M. australis leaves. The powdered leaves exhibited no α -amylase-inhibitory activity. Al-though the median maltase-inhibitory concentration was higher in the bread containing the powdered leaves than in the powdered leaves alone, this bread retained its maltase-inhibitory activity. Moreover, consumption of the bread containing powdered M. australis leaves suppressed postprandial elevation of the blood glucose and insulin levels to a greater degree than consumption of bread without the powdered leaves. These findings dem-onstrate that bread containing powdered M. australis leaves has an inhibitory effect on postprandial blood glucose elevation.","PeriodicalId":19296,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88190243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fukui Date C （2013） Within-and between-individ-ual variation in energy and nutrient intake in Japanese adults: effect of age and sex difference on group size and number of records required for adequate dietary assessment. J Epidemiol 23 : 178-86 . Summary : “ Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese ” [DRIs], published by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, is the only comprehensive guideline for diet and nutrition available in Japan. This review introduces the main points that it contains, with particular reference to the recent revision, and discusses the relationship between the DRIs and nutritional research, with a view to developing future versions. Although the revisions of the values in the DRIs have been minimal, some of the definitions and their usage have been revised and ex-plained in more detail. Issues related to how dietary intake standards are formulated on the basis of scientific reports are also covered, especially systematic reviews and meta-analyses of previous nutritional studies. The most important message seems to be that data from research on this field in Japan has not been sufficient in ei-ther quantity or quality for development of the DRIs, and there is a concern that this may hinder the development of new versions in the near future. It is hoped that researchers working in the field of food and nutrition will tackle this issue and respond positively to this statement. This article does not reflect the official opinion of the Japanese government.
{"title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (2020): General Remarks and Expectations in Relation to Nutritional Research","authors":"S. Sasaki","doi":"10.4327/jsnfs.74.291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.74.291","url":null,"abstract":"Fukui Date C （2013） Within-and between-individ-ual variation in energy and nutrient intake in Japanese adults: effect of age and sex difference on group size and number of records required for adequate dietary assessment. J Epidemiol 23 : 178-86 . Summary : “ Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese ” [DRIs], published by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, is the only comprehensive guideline for diet and nutrition available in Japan. This review introduces the main points that it contains, with particular reference to the recent revision, and discusses the relationship between the DRIs and nutritional research, with a view to developing future versions. Although the revisions of the values in the DRIs have been minimal, some of the definitions and their usage have been revised and ex-plained in more detail. Issues related to how dietary intake standards are formulated on the basis of scientific reports are also covered, especially systematic reviews and meta-analyses of previous nutritional studies. The most important message seems to be that data from research on this field in Japan has not been sufficient in ei-ther quantity or quality for development of the DRIs, and there is a concern that this may hinder the development of new versions in the near future. It is hoped that researchers working in the field of food and nutrition will tackle this issue and respond positively to this statement. This article does not reflect the official opinion of the Japanese government.","PeriodicalId":19296,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79705793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary : Minerals, vitamins, and phytochemicals, present in trace amounts in the diet, play important roles in regulating multiple metabolic systems as well as bone metabolism. For clinical screening of phytoestrogen levels in large populations, time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay （ TR-FIA ） has been developed, and later applied for animal studies as well. Since the intestinal environment affects phytoestrogen metabolism, we investigated how a combination of prebiotics and isoflavone intake would affect isoflavone metabolism in models of osteopo-rosis. Equol, an isoflavone metabolite, contains enantiomers, and the （ S ） form is considered to exhibit higher bioavail ability than the （ R ） form, associated with a stronger inhibitory effect on bone loss in osteoporotic rodents. However, hesperidin, a citrus bioflavonoid, is thought to suppress bone loss via a cholesterol synthesis pathway different from isoflavone-related mechanisms. Sulforaphane, an anti-inflammatory sulfur-containing compound, has been considered to regulate osteoclast differentiation through suppression of osteoclast fusion molecules in addition to conventional suppression of osteoclast differentiation factors. Finally, with regard to minerals, it has been reported that lipid peroxidation is unlikely to occur in an iron-deficient state. However, in contrast to the conventional theory, we demonstrated that the in vivo oxidation mechanism was caused by iron deficiency. Furthermore, we suggested that metabolism of β -carotene and α -tocopherol was changed during iron deficiency, since it may require an iron-containing enzyme.
{"title":"Study on Metabolism-regulating Trace Food Factors","authors":"M. Uehara","doi":"10.4327/jsnfs.74.281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.74.281","url":null,"abstract":"Summary : Minerals, vitamins, and phytochemicals, present in trace amounts in the diet, play important roles in regulating multiple metabolic systems as well as bone metabolism. For clinical screening of phytoestrogen levels in large populations, time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay （ TR-FIA ） has been developed, and later applied for animal studies as well. Since the intestinal environment affects phytoestrogen metabolism, we investigated how a combination of prebiotics and isoflavone intake would affect isoflavone metabolism in models of osteopo-rosis. Equol, an isoflavone metabolite, contains enantiomers, and the （ S ） form is considered to exhibit higher bioavail ability than the （ R ） form, associated with a stronger inhibitory effect on bone loss in osteoporotic rodents. However, hesperidin, a citrus bioflavonoid, is thought to suppress bone loss via a cholesterol synthesis pathway different from isoflavone-related mechanisms. Sulforaphane, an anti-inflammatory sulfur-containing compound, has been considered to regulate osteoclast differentiation through suppression of osteoclast fusion molecules in addition to conventional suppression of osteoclast differentiation factors. Finally, with regard to minerals, it has been reported that lipid peroxidation is unlikely to occur in an iron-deficient state. However, in contrast to the conventional theory, we demonstrated that the in vivo oxidation mechanism was caused by iron deficiency. Furthermore, we suggested that metabolism of β -carotene and α -tocopherol was changed during iron deficiency, since it may require an iron-containing enzyme.","PeriodicalId":19296,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86140440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studies on the Regulatory Effects of Food-derived Peptides on the Central Nervous System","authors":"T. Mizushige","doi":"10.4327/JSNFS.74.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4327/JSNFS.74.69","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19296,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi","volume":"38 1","pages":"69-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85996467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moe Oshima, E. Suzuki, Hayato Ihara, K. Nagai, K. Kishida
{"title":"Comparison of the Effects of Differences in Fats and Oils Contained in a High Fructose Diet on Lipid Metabolism and Hepatic Protein Expression Profile in Rats","authors":"Moe Oshima, E. Suzuki, Hayato Ihara, K. Nagai, K. Kishida","doi":"10.4327/jsnfs.74.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4327/jsnfs.74.155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19296,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79581344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saori Miyazaki, Y. Matsumoto, Chika Okada, T. Kishida, S. Nishioka, N. Miyoshi, K. Tomooka, T. Tanigawa, I. Saito, K. Maruyama
{"title":"Developing a Food Composition Table for Estimating the Intake of Trans Fatty Acids","authors":"Saori Miyazaki, Y. Matsumoto, Chika Okada, T. Kishida, S. Nishioka, N. Miyoshi, K. Tomooka, T. Tanigawa, I. Saito, K. Maruyama","doi":"10.4327/JSNFS.74.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4327/JSNFS.74.93","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19296,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi","volume":"14 1","pages":"93-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78005743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuka Shudo, Jun Yasuda, Ai Sato, Kanta Inoue, S. Fujita, Kumiko Ebi
{"title":"Effects of Nutritional Education with Provision of Rice on the Dietary Habits of High School Baseball Players","authors":"Yuka Shudo, Jun Yasuda, Ai Sato, Kanta Inoue, S. Fujita, Kumiko Ebi","doi":"10.4327/JSNFS.74.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4327/JSNFS.74.21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19296,"journal":{"name":"Nippon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi","volume":"1 1","pages":"21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79934627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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