The influences of trouble signals on measurement technology have recently changed significantly due to new technologies. Due to the technology shift to more electric drives and hydrogen technology, sensors should also provide reproducible and reliable data even in this environment. In order to continue to ensure the quality of the measurement results, sensors and cable concepts must be reconsidered, modified and tested. The aim of this presentation is to point out these problems in connection with vibration and acceleration sensors with piezoelectric ICP ® - and MEMS-DC technology and to show examples of improvements and solutions. Product improvements will be presented and measurement results from a test series in the field of e-mobility will be shown. Practical suggestions for optimal wiring, cable selection and ground concepts will be discussed. The perspective on the use of placebo sensors to verify measurement results is addressed. The findings and suggestions for improvement are a good help for test and measurement engineers in the development field of E-Mobility as well as eVTOLs for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) in selecting sensors and their use.
{"title":"4.1 The challenge of e-mobility and eVTOLs on measurement technology with vibration and acceleration sensors","authors":"S. Meyer","doi":"10.5162/ettc2022/4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5162/ettc2022/4.1","url":null,"abstract":"The influences of trouble signals on measurement technology have recently changed significantly due to new technologies. Due to the technology shift to more electric drives and hydrogen technology, sensors should also provide reproducible and reliable data even in this environment. In order to continue to ensure the quality of the measurement results, sensors and cable concepts must be reconsidered, modified and tested. The aim of this presentation is to point out these problems in connection with vibration and acceleration sensors with piezoelectric ICP ® - and MEMS-DC technology and to show examples of improvements and solutions. Product improvements will be presented and measurement results from a test series in the field of e-mobility will be shown. Practical suggestions for optimal wiring, cable selection and ground concepts will be discussed. The perspective on the use of placebo sensors to verify measurement results is addressed. The findings and suggestions for improvement are a good help for test and measurement engineers in the development field of E-Mobility as well as eVTOLs for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) in selecting sensors and their use.","PeriodicalId":193365,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - ettc2022","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124308482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For safety-critical systems in the automotive industry the assessment of all sensors and systems is mandatory using calibrated measurement equipment. In the last decade GNSS based sensors are used in a variety of applications starting in the context of information, merging to commercial and now entering safety critical applications. With the pan-European emergency call 112 eCall for the first time a regulation specified mandatory requirements for performance and assessment of GNSS based systems were defined. This trend progresses with new requirements in other areas like EETS and smart tachograph (see implementing regulation EU 2021/1228 [1]) in which the usage of GNSS based systems has become mandatory Similar concepts are specified in the field of driving assistance and automated driving, like the UNECE R152[2]. Conformity to such defined requirements is assessed by notified entities in this context. The calibration of measuring instruments is an essential prerequisite for the reliability of testing (see metrological traceability ISO 17025[3]). Since the observations of GNSS based reference measuring instruments are not directly traceable to SI units and accordingly cannot be calibrated through accredited calibration schemes, an ISO 17025[3] conform assessment, validation and qualification of the reference measuring systems must be performed instead of calibration. For this purpose, NavCert has developed a test procedure for the assessment of GNSS reference receivers based on existing standards. The respective test scheme replicates for the calibrations the assessment of performance values for GNSS based equipment. The process is presented for exemplary assessing values in the area of time, position, speed and distance with certain devices. As an outlook, currently discussed further use cases and systems are briefly presented.
{"title":"3.1 Assessment of GNSS based equipment in the context of AEBS based on the UNECE R152","authors":"E. Mrohs, M. Visser","doi":"10.5162/ettc2022/3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5162/ettc2022/3.1","url":null,"abstract":"For safety-critical systems in the automotive industry the assessment of all sensors and systems is mandatory using calibrated measurement equipment. In the last decade GNSS based sensors are used in a variety of applications starting in the context of information, merging to commercial and now entering safety critical applications. With the pan-European emergency call 112 eCall for the first time a regulation specified mandatory requirements for performance and assessment of GNSS based systems were defined. This trend progresses with new requirements in other areas like EETS and smart tachograph (see implementing regulation EU 2021/1228 [1]) in which the usage of GNSS based systems has become mandatory Similar concepts are specified in the field of driving assistance and automated driving, like the UNECE R152[2]. Conformity to such defined requirements is assessed by notified entities in this context. The calibration of measuring instruments is an essential prerequisite for the reliability of testing (see metrological traceability ISO 17025[3]). Since the observations of GNSS based reference measuring instruments are not directly traceable to SI units and accordingly cannot be calibrated through accredited calibration schemes, an ISO 17025[3] conform assessment, validation and qualification of the reference measuring systems must be performed instead of calibration. For this purpose, NavCert has developed a test procedure for the assessment of GNSS reference receivers based on existing standards. The respective test scheme replicates for the calibrations the assessment of performance values for GNSS based equipment. The process is presented for exemplary assessing values in the area of time, position, speed and distance with certain devices. As an outlook, currently discussed further use cases and systems are briefly presented.","PeriodicalId":193365,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - ettc2022","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121622262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sauer, D. Sopauschke, T. Dunker, D. Berndt, M. Heizmann
: We address the problem of automated inspection of rivets and brackets in aircraft fuselage shells with a robot guided 3D-sensor. High variety of such assemblies requires that an inspection automatically compares acquired 3D data to the CAD model representing the assembly. For this purpose, a precise sensor pose with respect to the fuselage shell coordinate system is needed. In this industrial context, the current set-up can deviate from the model by few centimeters which is too much for inspection. We present an automated registration method, which does not need further sensors for tracking. This method reduces the deviation between measured points and the CAD model to few tenth of a millimeter in regions with no assembly defect. Therefore, we find automatically measurement positions for registration which cover all degrees of freedom. The algorithm for registering the 3D points to the CAD model avoids the assignment of points to faces which cannot be reached by the sensor, and parts to be inspected. In addition, local registration can deal with slight deformation of the fuselage shell.
{"title":"5.3 Automated Registration of Large Assemblies with Robot Guided 3D Sensors and CAD-based Planning","authors":"S. Sauer, D. Sopauschke, T. Dunker, D. Berndt, M. Heizmann","doi":"10.5162/ettc2022/5.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5162/ettc2022/5.3","url":null,"abstract":": We address the problem of automated inspection of rivets and brackets in aircraft fuselage shells with a robot guided 3D-sensor. High variety of such assemblies requires that an inspection automatically compares acquired 3D data to the CAD model representing the assembly. For this purpose, a precise sensor pose with respect to the fuselage shell coordinate system is needed. In this industrial context, the current set-up can deviate from the model by few centimeters which is too much for inspection. We present an automated registration method, which does not need further sensors for tracking. This method reduces the deviation between measured points and the CAD model to few tenth of a millimeter in regions with no assembly defect. Therefore, we find automatically measurement positions for registration which cover all degrees of freedom. The algorithm for registering the 3D points to the CAD model avoids the assignment of points to faces which cannot be reached by the sensor, and parts to be inspected. In addition, local registration can deal with slight deformation of the fuselage shell.","PeriodicalId":193365,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - ettc2022","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124100244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The electric car has required the development of a new vehicle architecture , use of new sensor technologies (cameras, UWB, radar, ) and networking extension (cloud gateways) to support new requirements of connectivity, safety, security and reliability, enabling not only current but future services (infotainment and communications). Supporting this architecture has been possible thanks to a new Ethernet standard that will reduce significantly the wiring needed: Ethernet over a single pair cable. This article introduces the main features of the new Ethernet standards related with single pair Ethernet and how Flight Test can make use of them. Currently most of FTI components have Ethernet interfaces (acquisition systems, sensors, cameras ...) so the adoption of the new standard in current architecture can be done smoothly at different paces. The proposal of new FTI architectures for some use cases are presented to show major improvements from this standard. Finally, future expected advantages for FTI components are analyzed as the adoption of Ethernet for new sensors, the use of AI devices at the edge and the co-existence with wireless and IoT technologies
{"title":"2.4 From Automotive to Flight Test Instrumentation: Wiring Reduction Using New Ethernet Standard","authors":"J. Palomino","doi":"10.5162/ettc2022/2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5162/ettc2022/2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The electric car has required the development of a new vehicle architecture , use of new sensor technologies (cameras, UWB, radar, ) and networking extension (cloud gateways) to support new requirements of connectivity, safety, security and reliability, enabling not only current but future services (infotainment and communications). Supporting this architecture has been possible thanks to a new Ethernet standard that will reduce significantly the wiring needed: Ethernet over a single pair cable. This article introduces the main features of the new Ethernet standards related with single pair Ethernet and how Flight Test can make use of them. Currently most of FTI components have Ethernet interfaces (acquisition systems, sensors, cameras ...) so the adoption of the new standard in current architecture can be done smoothly at different paces. The proposal of new FTI architectures for some use cases are presented to show major improvements from this standard. Finally, future expected advantages for FTI components are analyzed as the adoption of Ethernet for new sensors, the use of AI devices at the edge and the co-existence with wireless and IoT technologies","PeriodicalId":193365,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - ettc2022","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130417304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"7.1 Evolution of Data Exporting","authors":"F. Haciomeroglu, E. Güçlü, M. Kekec, R. Uzun","doi":"10.5162/ettc2022/7.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5162/ettc2022/7.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":193365,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - ettc2022","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132610260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Hörmann, T. Hölzl, C. Kastl, P. Priller, Hans-Peter Bernhard, P. Peterseil, A. Springer
Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and other embedded devices are more and more used to measure different conditions inside of buildings and industrial facilities as well as to monitoring machines or industrial processes. IoT sensors communicate wirelessly and are typically supplied by batteries. Energy harvesting can be used to extend their operational time or enable self-sufficient supply of them. Energy from the environment is converted into electrical energy by energy harvesting devices (EHDs), for example solar cells or thermo-generators. However, the available output power of the EHDs is highly dependent on the mounting location as well as on environmental conditions and may vary greatly over time. Therefore, it is meaningful to evaluate the EHDs at the location of use over a certain period of time in order to characterize them in real world scenarios. This paper presents the evaluation setup and the results of the characterization of four different solar cells at different locations in an office building and at different weather conditions. Furthermore, a method is presented to estimate the possibility to supply embedded device using energy harvesting. The results can be used to simplify the selection of a suitable EHD and the design process of an energy management system. The method is applied on two different use cases to estimate the needed size of the solar cells to enable a continuous supply.
{"title":"8.1 Evaluation of Solar-based Energy Harvesting for Indoor IoT Applications","authors":"L. Hörmann, T. Hölzl, C. Kastl, P. Priller, Hans-Peter Bernhard, P. Peterseil, A. Springer","doi":"10.5162/ettc2022/8.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5162/ettc2022/8.1","url":null,"abstract":"Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and other embedded devices are more and more used to measure different conditions inside of buildings and industrial facilities as well as to monitoring machines or industrial processes. IoT sensors communicate wirelessly and are typically supplied by batteries. Energy harvesting can be used to extend their operational time or enable self-sufficient supply of them. Energy from the environment is converted into electrical energy by energy harvesting devices (EHDs), for example solar cells or thermo-generators. However, the available output power of the EHDs is highly dependent on the mounting location as well as on environmental conditions and may vary greatly over time. Therefore, it is meaningful to evaluate the EHDs at the location of use over a certain period of time in order to characterize them in real world scenarios. This paper presents the evaluation setup and the results of the characterization of four different solar cells at different locations in an office building and at different weather conditions. Furthermore, a method is presented to estimate the possibility to supply embedded device using energy harvesting. The results can be used to simplify the selection of a suitable EHD and the design process of an energy management system. The method is applied on two different use cases to estimate the needed size of the solar cells to enable a continuous supply.","PeriodicalId":193365,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - ettc2022","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125755074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Model-based system engineering (MBSE) is an important and useful approach to support very large system development. Especially within the defence aerospace industry. However, testing of system models is often performed only on a very static and abstract level. Its use often ends after a conceptual phase. Then the system models become detached from the real product. The early and continuous verification and validation of the product against the MSBE models is a very important element to reduce program risks. The “Virtual Engineering” approach is our answer to enable testing of a virtual product as early as possible. A challenge is the relation to the MBSE world. This paper outlines the recent experiences and the taken approach to couple the MBSE world with virtual testing. In fact, the environment is still in the setup phase were a special focus is put into this paper.
{"title":"10.2 How to get from MBSE to virtual product testing","authors":"G. Staudte","doi":"10.5162/ettc2022/10.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5162/ettc2022/10.2","url":null,"abstract":": Model-based system engineering (MBSE) is an important and useful approach to support very large system development. Especially within the defence aerospace industry. However, testing of system models is often performed only on a very static and abstract level. Its use often ends after a conceptual phase. Then the system models become detached from the real product. The early and continuous verification and validation of the product against the MSBE models is a very important element to reduce program risks. The “Virtual Engineering” approach is our answer to enable testing of a virtual product as early as possible. A challenge is the relation to the MBSE world. This paper outlines the recent experiences and the taken approach to couple the MBSE world with virtual testing. In fact, the environment is still in the setup phase were a special focus is put into this paper.","PeriodicalId":193365,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - ettc2022","volume":"83 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116410319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Guerrero, R. Pelluault, J. Koch, W. Schippers, P. Guehlke, C. Waltermann, N. Salhi, D. Pohl, M. Huy
One of the main challenges encountered by flight test instrumentation is to offer the adequate means to deliver accurately the continuously increasing number of data requested by design offices while minimizing the intrusiveness on the test vehicles. This contradictory trend applies to all stages of the instrumentation chain: sensing part, cabling, data acquisition units and communication. Nowadays, new fiberoptic sensors are gaining ground in various industries due to their unique characteristics. However, their optical interrogation has been very challenging, particularly for the demanding environment in aerospace applications. To overcome requirements interlinked between performance and miniaturization, a new innovative fiber-integrated approach is presented, with a focus on the reduction and optimization of all necessary materials and components. This paper aims at highlighting the benefits of Fiber Optic Sensing technology compared to legacy sensing methods as well as sharing an initiative to integrate this technology in an existing compact and modular data acquisition unit compliant with harsh environments
{"title":"4.3 Fiber Optic Sensing: the challenges of miniaturization, ruggedization and integration to enhance flight test instrumentation capabilities","authors":"G. Guerrero, R. Pelluault, J. Koch, W. Schippers, P. Guehlke, C. Waltermann, N. Salhi, D. Pohl, M. Huy","doi":"10.5162/ettc2022/4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5162/ettc2022/4.3","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main challenges encountered by flight test instrumentation is to offer the adequate means to deliver accurately the continuously increasing number of data requested by design offices while minimizing the intrusiveness on the test vehicles. This contradictory trend applies to all stages of the instrumentation chain: sensing part, cabling, data acquisition units and communication. Nowadays, new fiberoptic sensors are gaining ground in various industries due to their unique characteristics. However, their optical interrogation has been very challenging, particularly for the demanding environment in aerospace applications. To overcome requirements interlinked between performance and miniaturization, a new innovative fiber-integrated approach is presented, with a focus on the reduction and optimization of all necessary materials and components. This paper aims at highlighting the benefits of Fiber Optic Sensing technology compared to legacy sensing methods as well as sharing an initiative to integrate this technology in an existing compact and modular data acquisition unit compliant with harsh environments","PeriodicalId":193365,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - ettc2022","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124119615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Flight tests are carried out to complete the flight test campaigns. During flight test, safety and time factors are at the forefront. The safety of aircraft during flight, reducing flight test schedule are provided by telemetry systems. In some cases, such as GPS loss, jamming, the radio frequency tracking methods used in these systems may be insufficient. In order to eliminate this situation, auxiliary systems have been developed for telemetry systems. In this study, a camera system will be used as an auxiliary system since camera systems provide visual tracking and are inexpensive. The aim of this study is to perform visual tracking with a single camera with deep learning methods and to synchronize with these systems to assist RF tracking systems.
{"title":"5.1 Aircraft Tracking with Single Camera and RF - System Synchronization","authors":"V. Tutay, I. Karagöz","doi":"10.5162/ettc2022/5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5162/ettc2022/5.1","url":null,"abstract":": Flight tests are carried out to complete the flight test campaigns. During flight test, safety and time factors are at the forefront. The safety of aircraft during flight, reducing flight test schedule are provided by telemetry systems. In some cases, such as GPS loss, jamming, the radio frequency tracking methods used in these systems may be insufficient. In order to eliminate this situation, auxiliary systems have been developed for telemetry systems. In this study, a camera system will be used as an auxiliary system since camera systems provide visual tracking and are inexpensive. The aim of this study is to perform visual tracking with a single camera with deep learning methods and to synchronize with these systems to assist RF tracking systems.","PeriodicalId":193365,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings - ettc2022","volume":"34 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120922735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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