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EFFiTILL: An Efficient Tillage System for Tractors Fuel Consumption Reduction and GHG Emissions Mitigation EFFiTILL:拖拉机高效耕作系统降低油耗和温室气体排放
Pub Date : 2023-08-17 DOI: 10.33552/wjass.2023.08.000700
Z. Tsiropoulos
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引用次数: 0
EffiSpray: Development of an Innovative Decision Support System for Increasing Spraying Application Efficiency EffiSpray:一个创新的决策支持系统的开发,以提高喷涂应用效率
Pub Date : 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.33552/wjass.2022.08.000686
Z. Tsiropoulos
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Nanoparticles on Soil Microorganisms 纳米颗粒对土壤微生物的影响
Pub Date : 2021-04-26 DOI: 10.33552/wjass.2021.06.000649
S. Çiçek
Nanoparticles, one of the most important benefits of nanotechnology, are solid particles with sizes between 1-100 nm. The usage areas of nanoparticles including cosmetics, paints and coatings, plastic additives, communications, electronics, sensors, packaging, biomedical diagnostics, textiles, antibacterial agents are quite wide. For this reason, the release of nanoparticles to the soil directly or indirectly through air and water is gradually increasing. Therefore, the soil is contaminated with nanoparticles in the long term and soil microorganisms can adversely be affected by these accumulated nanoparticles. Soil microorganisms play vital roles in soil carbon cycling, nitrogen fixation, and nutrient acquisition for plants. Nanoparticles can show different toxic effects on soil microorganisms according to their physical and chemical structures. Also, the humic acid, organic matter, pH, and ionic in the soil strengths affect the toxicity of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles may show toxic effects on soil microorganisms directly or indirectly, such as changes in the bioavailability of toxins or nutrients, toxicity due to their interaction with natural organic compounds or toxic organic compounds. Also, nanoparticles can have a lethal effect on soil microorganisms by causing the production of reactive oxygen species by damaging the membrane permeability, cell signaling processes, and the stability of enzymes and protein structures. The effect of nanoparticles such as C6 0 fullerenes, Fe2 O3 , Ag, ZnO, CeO2 , TiO2 on soil microorganisms and the mechanisms of their toxicity are comprehensively reviewed and discussed in this mini-review.
纳米粒子是纳米技术最重要的好处之一,它是尺寸在1-100纳米之间的固体颗粒。纳米粒子的应用领域非常广泛,包括化妆品、油漆和涂料、塑料添加剂、通信、电子、传感器、包装、生物医学诊断、纺织品、抗菌剂等。因此,通过空气和水直接或间接释放到土壤中的纳米颗粒正在逐渐增加。因此,土壤长期受到纳米颗粒的污染,这些积累的纳米颗粒会对土壤微生物产生不利影响。土壤微生物在土壤碳循环、固氮和植物养分获取中起着重要作用。纳米颗粒对土壤微生物的毒性作用因其理化结构的不同而不同。土壤中腐植酸、有机质、pH值和离子强度对纳米颗粒的毒性也有影响。纳米颗粒可能直接或间接地对土壤微生物产生毒性作用,如毒素或营养物的生物利用度发生变化,与天然有机化合物或有毒有机化合物相互作用产生毒性。此外,纳米颗粒可以通过破坏膜通透性、细胞信号传导过程以及酶和蛋白质结构的稳定性而引起活性氧的产生,从而对土壤微生物产生致命影响。本文综述了c60富勒烯、fe2o3、Ag、ZnO、CeO2、TiO2等纳米颗粒对土壤微生物的影响及其毒性机制。
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引用次数: 0
Whey, Waste or Value? 乳清,浪费还是价值?
Pub Date : 2021-04-20 DOI: 10.33552/WJASS.2021.06.000648
N. Dinkçi
The dairy industry has effluents of different characteristics, according to the product obtained (yogurt, cheese, butter, milk, ice cream, etc.). By-products contain various valuable nutrients; thus, their reuse in the production process allows efficient exploitation of all nutrients available in raw milk. The processing of dairy products becomes a complex network of interrelated production processes. Often, production of a certain dairy product results in an additional residual dairy flow by-product. For instance, production of cheese results in additional production of whey and cream; production of butter results in additional buttermilk [1]. The cheese manufacturing industry produces vast volumes of aqueous wastes. It can be referred that for the production of 1 kg of cheese, 10 kg of milk are needed, originating 9 kg of cheese whey [2].
乳制品行业根据所获得的产品(酸奶、奶酪、黄油、牛奶、冰淇淋等)有不同特征的废水。副产品含有多种有价值的营养物质;因此,它们在生产过程中的再利用可以有效地利用原料奶中的所有营养成分。乳制品的加工成为一个相互关联的生产过程的复杂网络。通常,某种乳制品的生产会产生额外的残余乳制品流副产品。例如,生产奶酪会产生更多的乳清和奶油;生产黄油会产生额外的酪乳[1]。奶酪制造业产生大量的含水废物。可以认为,生产1公斤奶酪需要10公斤牛奶,其中原产于9公斤奶酪乳清[2]。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluation of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas (L) Lam) Varieties at Tepi, Southwestern Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚西南部特皮地区甘薯(Ipomoea Batatas (L) Lam)品种评价
Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.33552/wjass.2021.06.000643
Shamil Alo Sora
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is one of the globally important root crops. In Ethiopia, its production is confronted with lack of planting materials, shortage of farmer preferred varieties, poor extension system among many other constraints. The study was conducted to assess the performance of different released varieties at Teppi. Evaluation of the varieties was carried out in main cropping season. Each treatment was replicated three times and arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design. Stand count at harvest, number of roots per plant, plant height, total root yield, root length and root diameter were measured. All the traits showed significant difference between varieties. The highest root yield (50.83 t/ha), root length (24.77 cm) and root diameter (10.35 cm) were recorded for the variety Awassa-83. The lowest root yield (27.67 t/ha), root length (8.9 cm) and root diameter (4.75 cm) were recorded for the variety Cemsa, Beletech and Temesgen, respectively. The highest number of roots per plant (4.03) was recorded for the variety Cemsa and there was no significant difference observed between other varieties. The findings of the study revealed that, Awassa-83 was found to be more adapted to the area as compared to other varieties. This variety should be popularized and disseminated to users to boost the production and productivity of Sweet Potato in the area.
甘薯(Ipomoea batatas))是全球重要的块根作物之一。在埃塞俄比亚,其生产面临着种植材料缺乏、农民首选品种短缺、推广系统不完善等诸多制约因素。本研究对不同放生品种在Teppi的表现进行了评价。品种评价在主要种植季节进行。每个治疗重复三次,采用随机完全区设计。测定了采收期林分数、单株根数、株高、总根产量、根长和根径。所有性状在品种间均表现出显著差异。Awassa-83的根产量最高(50.83 t/ hm2),根长24.77 cm,根直径10.35 cm。Cemsa、Beletech和Temesgen的根产量最低(27.67 t/ha),根长最低(8.9 cm),根直径最低(4.75 cm)。单株根数最高的品种为Cemsa,为4.03根,其他品种间差异不显著。研究结果表明,与其他品种相比,Awassa-83更适应该地区。该品种应向用户推广和传播,以提高该地区甘薯的产量和生产力。
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引用次数: 3
Geochemical Characterization of Vertisols Developed on Granites from Kaele, North-Cameroon: Implications for REE Exploration 喀麦隆北部Kaele花岗岩上发育垂向岩的地球化学特征及其稀土元素勘探意义
Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.33552/wjass.2021.06.000647
Jean Pierre Temga
This paper presents the geochemical features of Vertisols developed on granites from Kaele, North Cameroun. The mineralogy of soil samples was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Inductively Coupled Plasmas-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) have been used to determine major and trace element including rare earth elements compositions of granite and soil samples. Granite samples consist of feldspars (orthoclase, plagioclase), quartz, biotites and opaque minerals. They have peraluminous composition and of S-type granite. They also have high contents in Ba, Cr, Sr, Zr and low REE contents with variable Eu anomaly values. The mineralogical and geochemical features of Vertisols corroborate with the parent rock nature and the intensity of weathering process. The Fe-oxide precipitation, the presence of kaolinite and calcareous nodules are responsible for significant contents in Fe2O3, Al2O3 and CaO, respectively. Several major and trace elements are accumulated at the bottom of the profiles. The accumulation of clay increases with REE contents from the upper to the lower horizons in Vertisols of Kaele area. LREE-enrichment in Vertisols is inherited from the parent material and probably preserved by the formation of secondary LREE-bearers. The low REE contents may result from depletion of REE rich minerals as in the parent rocks despite the REE remobilization during weathering. REEs how coherent geochemical behavior and low solubility during weathering. The variable Eu anomalies can be explained by the variable behavior of Eu-bearers while Ce anomalies exhibit the variability of the oxidation conditions. The low (La/Yb)N values and the similarity of the spectra of mass balance calculation in most of the profiles are linked to the environment which is not well drained and the homogenization of the profiles by seasonal deep surficial desiccation cracks.
本文介绍了北喀麦隆Kaele花岗岩上发育的versols的地球化学特征。采用x射线衍射(XRD)测定了土壤样品的矿物学。采用x射线荧光(XRF)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定了花岗岩和土壤样品中稀土元素的主要和微量元素组成。花岗岩样品由长石(正长石、斜长石)、石英、黑云母和不透明矿物组成。它们具有过铝成分,为s型花岗岩。Ba、Cr、Sr、Zr含量较高,REE含量较低,Eu异常值变化较大。其矿物学和地球化学特征与母岩性质和风化作用强度相吻合。铁氧化物的析出、高岭石的存在和钙质结核的存在分别是Fe2O3、Al2O3和CaO含量显著的原因。几种主要和微量元素积聚在剖面的底部。在凯尔地区的垂直土层中,黏土的富集程度随稀土元素含量从上到下呈递增趋势。versols中的lree富集继承自母物质,并可能由次生lree载体的形成保存下来。低稀土元素含量可能是由于风化过程中稀土元素的再活化作用导致母岩中富含稀土元素的矿物耗竭所致。风化过程中稀土元素的地球化学行为和低溶解度。Eu异常的变化可以用Eu承载体的变化行为来解释,而Ce异常则表现为氧化条件的变化。大部分剖面的低(La/Yb)N值和质量平衡计算谱的相似性与排水不充分的环境和季节性深地表干裂使剖面均一化有关。
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引用次数: 1
Adaptability of Released Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties at Masha and Chena, South western Ethiopia. 马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L.)的适应性研究在Masha和Chena,埃塞俄比亚西南部的变种。
Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.33552/wjass.2021.06.000646
Shamil Alo
Background: Rapidly increasing population pressure, widespread environmental degradation, recurrent drought, low productivity of the agricultural sector and limited market access have greatly contributed to critical food shortages in Ethiopia. These in turn have resulted in food insecurity, which is characterized by inability of the people at all times to have a physical and economic access to sufficient food to meet their dietary needs for a productive and healthy life. Therefore; this study was conducted to test the adaptability of improved potato varieties, identify and select the best high yielding and pest and disease resistant/ tolerant variety/ies for target area
背景:人口压力迅速增加、环境普遍退化、经常性干旱、农业部门生产力低下和市场准入有限,这些都是埃塞俄比亚严重粮食短缺的主要原因。这反过来又造成粮食不安全,其特点是人民在任何时候都无法在物质上和经济上获得足够的粮食,以满足其生产和健康生活所需的饮食需要。因此;本试验旨在检验马铃薯改良品种的适应性,鉴定和选择目标地区的最佳高产和抗病/耐病虫害品种
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引用次数: 2
The More that Changes, the More that Stays the Same 变化越多,不变的就越多
Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.33552/wjass.2021.06.000645
P. Hamilton
For nearly all residents of the United States (U.S.) and much of the world, it is easy to see that our country is deeply divided politically, economically, geographically, and philosophically. Recently, I was asked when I believed this division started. The expected responses were when Trump was elected President, when the Supreme Court became liberal for the first time, when Roe v. Wade was ruled by the Supreme Court, when Newt Gingrich, Speaker of the House, declared war on bipartisan participation, etc.
对于几乎所有的美国居民和世界上大多数人来说,很容易看出我们的国家在政治上、经济上、地理上和哲学上都存在着深刻的分歧。最近,有人问我,我认为这种分裂是从什么时候开始的。预期的反应是当特朗普当选总统时,当最高法院首次成为自由派时,当最高法院对罗伊诉韦德案作出裁决时,当众议院议长纽特·金里奇对两党参与宣战时,等等。
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引用次数: 0
Perceived Constraints to Adoption of Improved Poultry Technology Among Poultry Farmers in Owerri Agricultural Zone of Imo State, Nigeria 尼日利亚伊莫州奥韦里农业区家禽养殖户对采用改良家禽技术的认知限制
Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.33552/wjass.2021.06.000644
Nwozuzu Ct
Poultry farming constitutes an important sector in agricultural development as an important source of protein. The study determined farmers’ response to poultry extension services in Owerri agricultural zone Imo state Nigeria. Poultry farmers would not break even in their business enterprise without adoption of improved techniques of farming. One hundred and twenty farmers were randomly selected for the study and data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools such as percentage, mean, frequency and multiple regression at 0.1 level of significance (ordinary lean square analysis). The results revealed that education was an important factor that determined farmers participation in extension programmes. Young farmers were also more receptive to extension programmes. The results also revealed that their major sources of information were from extension agents 2.7 and fellow farmers 2.6. The farmers also adopted the use of improved breeds, regular litter replacement and regular vaccination of birds with a mean of 2.8 respectively. They however did not adopt the use of artificial breeds. Their major constraints to the adoption of innovation were finance and high cost of livestock feeds. In recommendation, farmers were encouraged to form co-operative societies to enable them access loans from financial institution.a
家禽养殖业是农业发展的重要部门,是蛋白质的重要来源。该研究确定了尼日利亚伊莫州奥韦里农业区农民对家禽推广服务的反应。家禽养殖户如果不采用改良的养殖技术,他们的企业就无法实现收支平衡。随机选取120名农户进行研究,采用百分率、平均值、频次、0.1显著水平的多元回归等描述性统计工具(普通精益方分析)对数据进行分析。结果表明,教育是决定农民参与推广方案的一个重要因素。年轻农民也更容易接受推广方案。结果还显示,他们的主要信息来源是推广人员2.7和农民同伴2.6。采用改良品种、定期更换产仔和定期接种疫苗的平均数分别为2.8只。然而,他们没有采用人工品种。他们采用创新的主要制约因素是资金和牲畜饲料的高成本。建议鼓励农民成立合作社,使他们能够从金融机构获得贷款
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引用次数: 1
The Importance of Agriculture in COVID-19 Pandemic Times in Puerto Rico 农业在波多黎各COVID-19大流行时期的重要性
Pub Date : 2021-03-26 DOI: 10.33552/wjass.2021.06.000642
Javier E Pérez-Lafont
Agriculture is a fundamental activity for all economies. It is distinguished by being a supplier of food and fiber to society. The World Bank [1] states that this occupation is one of the most significant vehicles to reduce poverty and boost the well-being and food of a global population expected to reach 9.7 billion people by 2050. Another unique fact shared by the World Bank on the importance of agriculture is that it accounts for one third of the world’s gross domestic product.
农业是所有经济体的一项基本活动。它的特点是为社会提供食物和纤维。世界银行(World Bank)表示,到2050年,全球人口预计将达到97亿,农业是减少贫困、提高福祉和食品质量的最重要手段之一。世界银行关于农业重要性的另一个独特事实是,农业占全球国内生产总值(gdp)的三分之一。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science
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