Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.35841/2591-7897.3.1.1-5
N. Joshi, P. Menon, A. Joshi
Industrial development and scientific advancement has contaminated the environment, as a result one of the major pollutants in the environment are heavy metals and their introduction in air, water and agricultural soil. In recent years, chromium has become a major environmental pollutant as it widely used in making alloys, electroplating of stainless steel, production of pigments. Many studies have been carried out on heavy metals to understand their detrimental effects in the ecosystem. In the present study, Chromium was selected to find out its harmful effects on seed germination and seedling growth of Vigna radiata L, Trigonella foenum-graceum L, Oryza sativa L, Sorghum vulgare L and Pennisetum glaucum L. Seeds of the selected plants were grown in petri dishes and treated with varying concentrations of Chromium solution. Each treatment was replicated in a randomised design and observed for 7 days. The developing seedlings were studied for their total rate of germination, seed vigour index, length of radicle, length of plumule and fresh weight compared to a set of seeds germinated using distilled water as control. It was observed that the harmful effects of chromium on all the parameters were directly proportional to the concentration of solution employed, with the inhibition of growth being pronounced from 50 ppm onwards. Based on the response of the plants the toxic effect of chromium was seen in the following order, Trigonella foenum-graceum L>Oryza sativa L>Pennisetum glaucum L>Sorghum vulgare L>Vigna radiata L.
{"title":"Effect of chromium on germination in some crops of India.","authors":"N. Joshi, P. Menon, A. Joshi","doi":"10.35841/2591-7897.3.1.1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/2591-7897.3.1.1-5","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial development and scientific advancement has contaminated the environment, as a result one of the major pollutants in the environment are heavy metals and their introduction in air, water and agricultural soil. In recent years, chromium has become a major environmental pollutant as it widely used in making alloys, electroplating of stainless steel, production of pigments. Many studies have been carried out on heavy metals to understand their detrimental effects in the ecosystem. In the present study, Chromium was selected to find out its harmful effects on seed germination and seedling growth of Vigna radiata L, Trigonella foenum-graceum L, Oryza sativa L, Sorghum vulgare L and Pennisetum glaucum L. Seeds of the selected plants were grown in petri dishes and treated with varying concentrations of Chromium solution. Each treatment was replicated in a randomised design and observed for 7 days. The developing seedlings were studied for their total rate of germination, seed vigour index, length of radicle, length of plumule and fresh weight compared to a set of seeds germinated using distilled water as control. It was observed that the harmful effects of chromium on all the parameters were directly proportional to the concentration of solution employed, with the inhibition of growth being pronounced from 50 ppm onwards. Based on the response of the plants the toxic effect of chromium was seen in the following order, Trigonella foenum-graceum L>Oryza sativa L>Pennisetum glaucum L>Sorghum vulgare L>Vigna radiata L.","PeriodicalId":196592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Botany","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132087473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.35841/2591-7897.4.3.15-16
Rajeev Tagga
The indigenous seed industry in most developing countries comprises of small and medium scale seed industry. This is supplemented by satellite research laboratories and sales & marketing units of the large trans-national companies. From the angle of application of plant biotechnology, some of the factors playing a decisive role for the indigenous small and medium scale seed industry include quick delivery of results, readily available technologies, minimal risk in investment, proven technologies and minimal financial resources. The large scale trans-national seed companies on the other hand have the investment potential for capital-intensive research and novel research with distant returns. The academia in both, the developing and the developed countries tend to be driven more by novel research having publication potential rather than by application value. Such a situation presents the indigenous small and medium scale seed industry in the developing nations with a unique challenge of having to do with a technical work force who have a gap in training and application and to deliver with limited capital resources. This talk will cover an overview of plant biotechnology. An attempt will be made to present the actual seed industry situation in the developing countries. Plant biotechnology will be sectioned into various areas of application, of which the small and medium scale seed industry is one. The areas of strength and weakness will be discussed. With the advent of low cost sequencers, the molecular-breeding scenario is likely to change at all levels. A paradigm shift in challenges from infrastructure to analytics is expected. Discovery research versus applied research will be discussed. The clarity shed on the applications of plant biotechnology in developing countries should be a handy tool for the aspiring plant biotech professionals, seed industry in the developing countries and for the governmental policy makers.
{"title":"The application of plant biotechnology in seed industry in the developing countries.","authors":"Rajeev Tagga","doi":"10.35841/2591-7897.4.3.15-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/2591-7897.4.3.15-16","url":null,"abstract":"The indigenous seed industry in most developing countries comprises of small and medium scale seed industry. This is supplemented by satellite research laboratories and sales & marketing units of the large trans-national companies. From the angle of application of plant biotechnology, some of the factors playing a decisive role for the indigenous small and medium scale seed industry include quick delivery of results, readily available technologies, minimal risk in investment, proven technologies and minimal financial resources. The large scale trans-national seed companies on the other hand have the investment potential for capital-intensive research and novel research with distant returns. The academia in both, the developing and the developed countries tend to be driven more by novel research having publication potential rather than by application value. Such a situation presents the indigenous small and medium scale seed industry in the developing nations with a unique challenge of having to do with a technical work force who have a gap in training and application and to deliver with limited capital resources. This talk will cover an overview of plant biotechnology. An attempt will be made to present the actual seed industry situation in the developing countries. Plant biotechnology will be sectioned into various areas of application, of which the small and medium scale seed industry is one. The areas of strength and weakness will be discussed. With the advent of low cost sequencers, the molecular-breeding scenario is likely to change at all levels. A paradigm shift in challenges from infrastructure to analytics is expected. Discovery research versus applied research will be discussed. The clarity shed on the applications of plant biotechnology in developing countries should be a handy tool for the aspiring plant biotech professionals, seed industry in the developing countries and for the governmental policy makers.","PeriodicalId":196592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Botany","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115531540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.35841/2591-7897.3.1.12-16
Effiom Oe, Ubi Po, O. To
This study was undertaken to verify the efficacies of phytochemical extracts of citrus fruit peels obtained from Citrus sinensis, Citrus reticulata, Citrus limonum, Citrus aurantifolia and Citrus vitis against isolates of tomato rot bacteria. Results of this study provide the much needed less hazardous, cheap and readily available means of controlling or managing bacterial diseases of postharvest tomato fruits to reduce the huge economic losses often incurred by tomato fruits dealers and farmers. Solvent extracts were characterized for presence of constituent active compounds, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, saponins and alkaloids. Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli were isolated from rotten tomato fruits using McConkey, Blood and Peptone Sucrose agar media. Isolates were subjected to sensitivity test with 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% concentrations (volume by volume) of the different extracts, respectively. All the concentrations showed different degrees of growth inhibition on the test organisms. The study confirmed that phytochemical extracts from peels of citrus fruits are efficacious against tomato fruit rot bacteria and therefore have a good promise for sustainable control of bacterial rot disease of tomato fruits.
{"title":"Growth inhibitory activities of extracts from peels of five species of citrus fruit on bacterial isolates obtained from rotten tomato fruits.","authors":"Effiom Oe, Ubi Po, O. To","doi":"10.35841/2591-7897.3.1.12-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/2591-7897.3.1.12-16","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken to verify the efficacies of phytochemical extracts of citrus fruit peels obtained from Citrus sinensis, Citrus reticulata, Citrus limonum, Citrus aurantifolia and Citrus vitis against isolates of tomato rot bacteria. Results of this study provide the much needed less hazardous, cheap and readily available means of controlling or managing bacterial diseases of postharvest tomato fruits to reduce the huge economic losses often incurred by tomato fruits dealers and farmers. Solvent extracts were characterized for presence of constituent active compounds, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones, saponins and alkaloids. Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli were isolated from rotten tomato fruits using McConkey, Blood and Peptone Sucrose agar media. Isolates were subjected to sensitivity test with 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% concentrations (volume by volume) of the different extracts, respectively. All the concentrations showed different degrees of growth inhibition on the test organisms. The study confirmed that phytochemical extracts from peels of citrus fruits are efficacious against tomato fruit rot bacteria and therefore have a good promise for sustainable control of bacterial rot disease of tomato fruits.","PeriodicalId":196592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Botany","volume":"56 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130572597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.35841/2591-7897.4.3.1-13
Dereje Mosissa, Dawit Wakjira
The organic carbon stock analysis was carried out in Broadleaf and Deciduous Forests of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State of Ethiopia with the objective of determining carbon stock that would be found in Broadleaf and Deciduous Forests of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State (BGRS). The assessment was conducted from 22nd September to 22nd 0ctober 2017. A total of 101 flowering plant species were sampled in 35 sample plots. Three vegetation cover types were identified: Grassland, Open Woodland and Closed woodland. Among the different habitat types in the area; namely: Closed Wood Land (CWL), Open Wood Land (OWL), Grass Land (GL) and Bare Land (BL). The maximum mean Total Carbon Stock Density (TCSD) was recorded from Closed wood land habitat with TCSD of 471 tons of carbon ha-1, followed by OWL, GL and BL with TCSD of 375.79, 118.75 and 47.92 tons of carbon ha-1 respectively. Since the area is located in lower altitude with low amount of rainfall per year and fire prone area, the mean total above ground carbon stock density of the study area which is 134.94 tons of carbon ha-1 is very low as compared to the other forest types. The anthropogenic factors (the human influence) on the woody vegetation particularly the annual burning of the vegetation does not allow a chance for the accumulation of carbon in the soil.
{"title":"Large Scale Agricultural Investment and a Fragile Soil Paradox in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State: Organic Carbon Stock of Broadleaf and Deciduous Forests of Combretum_Terminalia Woodlands of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Western and Northwestern Ethiopia.","authors":"Dereje Mosissa, Dawit Wakjira","doi":"10.35841/2591-7897.4.3.1-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/2591-7897.4.3.1-13","url":null,"abstract":"The organic carbon stock analysis was carried out in Broadleaf and Deciduous Forests of \u0000Benishangul Gumuz Regional State of Ethiopia with the objective of determining carbon stock \u0000that would be found in Broadleaf and Deciduous Forests of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State \u0000(BGRS). The assessment was conducted from 22nd September to 22nd 0ctober 2017. A total of \u0000101 flowering plant species were sampled in 35 sample plots. Three vegetation cover types were \u0000identified: Grassland, Open Woodland and Closed woodland. Among the different habitat types \u0000in the area; namely: Closed Wood Land (CWL), Open Wood Land (OWL), Grass Land (GL) \u0000and Bare Land (BL). The maximum mean Total Carbon Stock Density (TCSD) was recorded \u0000from Closed wood land habitat with TCSD of 471 tons of carbon ha-1, followed by OWL, GL \u0000and BL with TCSD of 375.79, 118.75 and 47.92 tons of carbon ha-1 respectively. Since the area is \u0000located in lower altitude with low amount of rainfall per year and fire prone area, the mean total \u0000above ground carbon stock density of the study area which is 134.94 tons of carbon ha-1 is very \u0000low as compared to the other forest types. The anthropogenic factors (the human influence) on \u0000the woody vegetation particularly the annual burning of the vegetation does not allow a chance \u0000for the accumulation of carbon in the soil.","PeriodicalId":196592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Botany","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129021736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.35841/2591-7897.3.1.6-11
Akinola Tf, Odiyi Ac, Fayeun Ls, Ohunakin Ao
Upland rice is important for sustainable crop production to meet future food demands. Increase in area planted with low land rice genotypes is constraints because of water shortage due to climate change. Thirteen upland rice genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two years to study the genetic variation and diversity of some agronomic traits and nutritional qualities of the selected upland rice genotypes. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Significant variations were expressed by genotypes for all traits studied. Interaction between genotypes and year exhibited significant differences for all the traits with exception of Panicle Weight (PW) and Tiller Number (TN) where no significant difference was expressed. The highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was recorded for grain yield across years. All traits under study exhibited high heritability with exception of Tiller Number (TN) in both years and in year 2 of number days to 50% flowering number of leaves at 2 weeks after planting and 8 weeks after planting respectively. Cluster analysis based on 15 traits grouped the 13 rice genotypes into five clusters. Cluster III was the largest and consisted of 4 genotypes mostly belonging to NERICA family. The first four principal components of the 15 principal components accounted for about 96.67% of the total variation and revealed a wide variation among the genotypes. The best traits, which showed high heritability and high genetic advance, could be used as a selection criterion for hybridization programmers in future breeding.
{"title":"Genetic variability and genetic diversity of 13 upland rice genotypes for agronomic traits and nutritional qualities.","authors":"Akinola Tf, Odiyi Ac, Fayeun Ls, Ohunakin Ao","doi":"10.35841/2591-7897.3.1.6-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/2591-7897.3.1.6-11","url":null,"abstract":"Upland rice is important for sustainable crop production to meet future food demands. Increase in area planted with low land rice genotypes is constraints because of water shortage due to climate change. Thirteen upland rice genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two years to study the genetic variation and diversity of some agronomic traits and nutritional qualities of the selected upland rice genotypes. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Significant variations were expressed by genotypes for all traits studied. Interaction between genotypes and year exhibited significant differences for all the traits with exception of Panicle Weight (PW) and Tiller Number (TN) where no significant difference was expressed. The highest phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was recorded for grain yield across years. All traits under study exhibited high heritability with exception of Tiller Number (TN) in both years and in year 2 of number days to 50% flowering number of leaves at 2 weeks after planting and 8 weeks after planting respectively. Cluster analysis based on 15 traits grouped the 13 rice genotypes into five clusters. Cluster III was the largest and consisted of 4 genotypes mostly belonging to NERICA family. The first four principal components of the 15 principal components accounted for about 96.67% of the total variation and revealed a wide variation among the genotypes. The best traits, which showed high heritability and high genetic advance, could be used as a selection criterion for hybridization programmers in future breeding.","PeriodicalId":196592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Botany","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121535933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.35841/2591-7897.4.3.1
V. Thiruvengadam
{"title":"Editor Note.","authors":"V. Thiruvengadam","doi":"10.35841/2591-7897.4.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/2591-7897.4.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":196592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Botany","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121437688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.35841/2591-7897.4.3.17-18
E. Ronoh
Food and energy security are two key global challenges. In Kenya, agriculture is mainly characterized by dominance of primary production with little post-production interventions such as preservation. Preservation of fruits and vegetables can provide rural households with better diets year round and incomes. Therefore, the study focused on developing energy efficient cooling technology utilizing renewable energy for preservation of fresh fruits and vegetables. Through a renewable energy for food processing (christened RE4 Food) project; an evaporative charcoal cooler was purposely developed for use by a registered farmer group in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. The developed cooler measured 4 m long, 4 m wide and 2.5 m high with a storage capacity of 40 m3. Preliminary results indicate promising results in terms of microclimate conditions (temperature and relative humidity), shelf-life and quality of the produce. The charcoal cooler should be optimized to ensure a favorable microclimate and controlled wetting of charcoal walls thus saving water for other agricultural activities. To improve capacity among farmers, training of beneficiaries was conducted focusing on operation and maintenance of the facility, quality standards, packaging, business aspects and book keeping, group dynamics and marketing. To ensure sustainable and maximum returns from the facility, farmers were also trained on the development of health foods for subsistence as well as for export. Further, the farmer group was linked with renowned fresh produce exporters in order to maintain required quality standards along the entire value chain of fruits and vegetables. Through established marketing linkages, farmers can package their value added products and deliver them to ready markets, thus generating incomes to the rural poor. These linkages provide valuable business opportunities badly needed in rural communities. Overall, the interventions undertaken by this study are vital in minimization of postharvest losses, enhancing food security and realizing nutrition sensitive agriculture in Kenya and beyond.
{"title":"Preservation of fresh fruits, vegetables and quality standards during storage utilizing energy-efficient technologies for improved livelihoods.","authors":"E. Ronoh","doi":"10.35841/2591-7897.4.3.17-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35841/2591-7897.4.3.17-18","url":null,"abstract":"Food and energy security are two key global challenges. In Kenya, agriculture is mainly characterized by dominance of primary production with little post-production interventions such as preservation. Preservation of fruits and vegetables can provide rural households with better diets year round and incomes. Therefore, the study focused on developing energy efficient cooling technology utilizing renewable energy for preservation of fresh fruits and vegetables. \u0000Through a renewable energy for food processing (christened RE4 Food) project; an evaporative charcoal cooler was purposely developed for use by a registered farmer group in Kirinyaga County, Kenya. The developed cooler measured 4 m long, 4 m wide and 2.5 m high with a storage capacity of 40 m3. Preliminary results indicate promising results in terms of microclimate conditions (temperature and relative humidity), shelf-life and quality of the produce. The charcoal cooler should be optimized to ensure a favorable microclimate and controlled wetting of charcoal walls thus saving water for other agricultural activities. To improve capacity among farmers, training of beneficiaries was conducted focusing on operation and maintenance of the facility, quality standards, packaging, business aspects and book keeping, group dynamics and marketing. To ensure sustainable and maximum returns from the facility, farmers were also trained on the development of health foods for subsistence as well as for export. \u0000Further, the farmer group was linked with renowned fresh produce exporters in order to maintain required quality standards along the entire value chain of fruits and vegetables. Through established marketing linkages, farmers can package their value added products and deliver them to ready markets, thus generating incomes to the rural poor. These linkages provide valuable business opportunities badly needed in rural communities. Overall, the interventions undertaken by this study are vital in minimization of postharvest losses, enhancing food security and realizing nutrition sensitive agriculture in Kenya and beyond.","PeriodicalId":196592,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Botany","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133579036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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