{"title":"Atherosclerosis","authors":"A. Helkin, S. Patel, V. Gahtan","doi":"10.2310/tywc.3003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2310/tywc.3003","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":196621,"journal":{"name":"DeckerMed Transitional Year Weekly Curriculum™","volume":"27 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132385969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rhabdomyolysis is a condition that results from the breakdown of skeletal muscle. The etiologies can be broken down into three main categories of causes: traumatic, atraumatic exertional, and atraumatic nonexertional. Patients with rhabdomyolysis often present with myalgia and are found to have myoglobinuria with elevations in serum creatine kinase levels. The mainstay in therapy is focused on restoration of intravascular volume with large-volume fluid resuscitation using isotonic fluids. Adequate hydration is necessary to prevent the potential complications of rhabdomyolysis, including the development of acute kidney injury. Practitioners should maintain a high level of suspicion of compartment syndrome in patients with rhabdomyolysis. If extremity compartment syndrome is diagnosed, prompt decompressive fasciotomies should be performed to preserve muscle and nerve viability. The early use of renal replacement therapy in patients with rhabdomyolysis has been described in the literature and may represent another modality of therapy to prevent the adverse sequelae of rhabdomyolysis. This review contains 8 tables and 42 references Keywords: acute kidney injury, compartment syndrome, creatine kinase, disseminated intravascular coagulation, rhabdomyolysis
{"title":"Rhabdomyolysis","authors":"A. Baldea","doi":"10.2310/tywc.8301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2310/tywc.8301","url":null,"abstract":"Rhabdomyolysis is a condition that results from the breakdown of skeletal muscle. The etiologies can be broken down into three main categories of causes: traumatic, atraumatic exertional, and atraumatic nonexertional. Patients with rhabdomyolysis often present with myalgia and are found to have myoglobinuria with elevations in serum creatine kinase levels. The mainstay in therapy is focused on restoration of intravascular volume with large-volume fluid resuscitation using isotonic fluids. Adequate hydration is necessary to prevent the potential complications of rhabdomyolysis, including the development of acute kidney injury. Practitioners should maintain a high level of suspicion of compartment syndrome in patients with rhabdomyolysis. If extremity compartment syndrome is diagnosed, prompt decompressive fasciotomies should be performed to preserve muscle and nerve viability. The early use of renal replacement therapy in patients with rhabdomyolysis has been described in the literature and may represent another modality of therapy to prevent the adverse sequelae of rhabdomyolysis.\u0000This review contains 8 tables and 42 references\u0000Keywords: acute kidney injury, compartment syndrome, creatine kinase, disseminated intravascular coagulation, rhabdomyolysis","PeriodicalId":196621,"journal":{"name":"DeckerMed Transitional Year Weekly Curriculum™","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130714240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Serotonin syndrome (SS) is a complication that occurs due to drug interactions that result in an increase in serotonin in the central nervous system. This syndrome is classically described as a triad of altered mental status, autonomic hyperactivity, and neuromuscular abnormalities that can be life threatening. As such, prompt detection is crucial so that treatment can be delivered to prevent long-term complications from hyperthermia, malignant hypertension, and/or cardiac arrhythmias. Determining the diagnosis can be difficult as several other conditions have similarities to SS; these include malignant hyperthermia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and anticholinergic toxicity. If appropriately managed, SS typically resolves within 24 hours once all serotoninergic medications are discontinued. If inappropriately prescribed, serotoninergic drugs such as antibiotics, analgesics, supplements, or antidepressants may all contribute toward inducing this preventable syndrome, if given in excess. This comprehensive review of SS provides the clinician with a detailed understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this complex disease state. This review contains 5 tables and 26 references Keywords: Serotonin syndrome, altered mental status, hyperactivity, hyperthermia, neuromucular disorder, antidepressants
{"title":"Serotonin Syndrome","authors":"R. Mirpuri, Danielle Perret Karimi","doi":"10.2310/tywc.15035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2310/tywc.15035","url":null,"abstract":"Serotonin syndrome (SS) is a complication that occurs due to drug interactions that result in an increase in serotonin in the central nervous system. This syndrome is classically described as a triad of altered mental status, autonomic hyperactivity, and neuromuscular abnormalities that can be life threatening. As such, prompt detection is crucial so that treatment can be delivered to prevent long-term complications from hyperthermia, malignant hypertension, and/or cardiac arrhythmias. Determining the diagnosis can be difficult as several other conditions have similarities to SS; these include malignant hyperthermia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and anticholinergic toxicity. If appropriately managed, SS typically resolves within 24 hours once all serotoninergic medications are discontinued. If inappropriately prescribed, serotoninergic drugs such as antibiotics, analgesics, supplements, or antidepressants may all contribute toward inducing this preventable syndrome, if given in excess. This comprehensive review of SS provides the clinician with a detailed understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this complex disease state.\u0000This review contains 5 tables and 26 references\u0000Keywords: Serotonin syndrome, altered mental status, hyperactivity, hyperthermia, neuromucular disorder, antidepressants","PeriodicalId":196621,"journal":{"name":"DeckerMed Transitional Year Weekly Curriculum™","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123425428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is the least common form of TOS in adults. It is an entity that is associated with bony anomalies resulting in chronic subclavian artery compression. Most patients with arterial TOS are young adults presenting either with limb-threatening upper extremity ischemia or chronic symptoms suggestive of arterial insufficiency involving the extremity. Initial diagnostic evaluation involves chest radiography, which may reveal cervical or anomalous first rib. Catheter-based arteriography has a diagnostic as well as therapeutic role. Magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomographic angiography, which are readily available, can be used in surgical planning. Treatment involves revascularization of the extremity, subsequent first rib resection, and possible reconstruction of the subclavian artery. This review contains 4 figures, 1 table and 45 references Key Words: arterial complication, brachial thromboembolectomy, cervical rib, costoclavicular space, first rib resection, pectoralis minor space, scalene triangle, subclavian artery stenosis, thoracic outlet syndrome
{"title":"Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome","authors":"Besem Beteck, J. Eidt, B. Grimsley","doi":"10.2310/tywc.3070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2310/tywc.3070","url":null,"abstract":"Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is the least common form of TOS in adults. It is an entity that is associated with bony anomalies resulting in chronic subclavian artery compression. Most patients with arterial TOS are young adults presenting either with limb-threatening upper extremity ischemia or chronic symptoms suggestive of arterial insufficiency involving the extremity. Initial diagnostic evaluation involves chest radiography, which may reveal cervical or anomalous first rib. Catheter-based arteriography has a diagnostic as well as therapeutic role. Magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomographic angiography, which are readily available, can be used in surgical planning. Treatment involves revascularization of the extremity, subsequent first rib resection, and possible reconstruction of the subclavian artery.\u0000\u0000This review contains 4 figures, 1 table and 45 references\u0000Key Words: arterial complication, brachial thromboembolectomy, cervical rib, costoclavicular space, first rib resection, pectoralis minor space, scalene triangle, subclavian artery stenosis, thoracic outlet syndrome","PeriodicalId":196621,"journal":{"name":"DeckerMed Transitional Year Weekly Curriculum™","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126353656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Patient with Lumbar Spondylosis and Diskogenic Pain","authors":"Jianguo Cheng","doi":"10.2310/tywc.15016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2310/tywc.15016","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":196621,"journal":{"name":"DeckerMed Transitional Year Weekly Curriculum™","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128056797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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