Pub Date : 2014-06-03DOI: 10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900064
B. Bouman, John Woestijne, S. de Wit, Niek de Koster
Motor Control Centers (MCC) are used in many complex processes in the (petro)chemical industries. When these processes get out of control the effects may have a great impact on personal safety and the environment. The installations that control such processes require a SIL-rating to safeguard a controlled shut down. As one may know the required SIL-rating depends on the risk of the particular process. The SIL-rating is determined by means of a risk assessment. Introducing SIL to a MCC has an impact on the operating principles and the circuit design and the choice of components. For example requirements for auxiliary contacts to be mechanically linked to the main contacts for reliable feedback on the status. For the high Safety Integrity Levels require redundancy for interrupting a circuit, where a reliable status feedback is of high importance with respect to process safety. In terms of availability or controlled failure rate of applied components, the coordination with protection devices is essential. In addition to typical SIL-classification, parts of the installation (e.g. machinery) may also be defined by its Performance level (PL). This sets requirements for redundancy and MTBF study on components. This paper is a study of the requirements of the user, the risk analysis and required SIL-rating versus the impact on the MCC operating principle and design. Reliability data, MTBF and field experience, of components like contactors, relays and control and protection devices will be taken in account. A realistic case with control concepts and circuits will be analyzed with respect to reliability for process safety.
{"title":"MCC for SIL-rated applications","authors":"B. Bouman, John Woestijne, S. de Wit, Niek de Koster","doi":"10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900064","url":null,"abstract":"Motor Control Centers (MCC) are used in many complex processes in the (petro)chemical industries. When these processes get out of control the effects may have a great impact on personal safety and the environment. The installations that control such processes require a SIL-rating to safeguard a controlled shut down. As one may know the required SIL-rating depends on the risk of the particular process. The SIL-rating is determined by means of a risk assessment. Introducing SIL to a MCC has an impact on the operating principles and the circuit design and the choice of components. For example requirements for auxiliary contacts to be mechanically linked to the main contacts for reliable feedback on the status. For the high Safety Integrity Levels require redundancy for interrupting a circuit, where a reliable status feedback is of high importance with respect to process safety. In terms of availability or controlled failure rate of applied components, the coordination with protection devices is essential. In addition to typical SIL-classification, parts of the installation (e.g. machinery) may also be defined by its Performance level (PL). This sets requirements for redundancy and MTBF study on components. This paper is a study of the requirements of the user, the risk analysis and required SIL-rating versus the impact on the MCC operating principle and design. Reliability data, MTBF and field experience, of components like contactors, relays and control and protection devices will be taken in account. A realistic case with control concepts and circuits will be analyzed with respect to reliability for process safety.","PeriodicalId":196668,"journal":{"name":"2014 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference Europe","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123860075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-03DOI: 10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900071
R. Mistry, S. Kreitzer
Generally there are two types of end users of induction motors, i) Basic design based on IEC, NEMA [2] or some other standards and ii) basic design with the addition of the API 541[1] requirement. The second category is mostly used in refinery, power plant, and oil and gas industries where long term reliability is sought. This paper will discuss the basic design, manufacturing and testing and the additional requirements of API 541. In addition, this paper will help answer the following questions: what are API requirements, what benefits do they provide, and is the extra effort necessary or not? Finally it will conclude with the advantages and disadvantages of non API and API motors.
{"title":"Induction motors-design, manufactured and test based on API 541","authors":"R. Mistry, S. Kreitzer","doi":"10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900071","url":null,"abstract":"Generally there are two types of end users of induction motors, i) Basic design based on IEC, NEMA [2] or some other standards and ii) basic design with the addition of the API 541[1] requirement. The second category is mostly used in refinery, power plant, and oil and gas industries where long term reliability is sought. This paper will discuss the basic design, manufacturing and testing and the additional requirements of API 541. In addition, this paper will help answer the following questions: what are API requirements, what benefits do they provide, and is the extra effort necessary or not? Finally it will conclude with the advantages and disadvantages of non API and API motors.","PeriodicalId":196668,"journal":{"name":"2014 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference Europe","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123926615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-03DOI: 10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900055
Khalid S. Al-Najdi, J. Mantere
Most often, serious reliability problems with large motors particularly synchronous motors may simply go unnoticed especially if the industrial facility's operation is a priority. The nature of such problems is not very well known in industrial applications and can be difficult to detect in the early stages of its development until a motor failure occurs. Localized rotor overheating commonly known as hot spots or black marks for large motors and specifically synchronous motors is one example of such a scenario. This paper will provide insights to the nature of the localized rotor overheating for Direct On Line (DOL) large motors in general, problem detection methods and will propose possible rectification means in order to resolve the problem definitively.
{"title":"Localized rotor overheating of large Direct on Line (DOL) motors","authors":"Khalid S. Al-Najdi, J. Mantere","doi":"10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900055","url":null,"abstract":"Most often, serious reliability problems with large motors particularly synchronous motors may simply go unnoticed especially if the industrial facility's operation is a priority. The nature of such problems is not very well known in industrial applications and can be difficult to detect in the early stages of its development until a motor failure occurs. Localized rotor overheating commonly known as hot spots or black marks for large motors and specifically synchronous motors is one example of such a scenario. This paper will provide insights to the nature of the localized rotor overheating for Direct On Line (DOL) large motors in general, problem detection methods and will propose possible rectification means in order to resolve the problem definitively.","PeriodicalId":196668,"journal":{"name":"2014 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference Europe","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126357764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-03DOI: 10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900059
S. Haq, Luis H. A. Teran, M. Stranges, W. Veerkamp
The available literature on partial discharge (PD) analysis suggests that measurements should be performed at higher frequency bandwidth than the conventional IEC 60270 methods, to enhance capability for detection of stator coil defects. In an energized test object, electrical disturbances or noise can strongly influence the observed PD magnitude. Spurious PD could be due to proximate sparking of imperfectly earthed objects, loose connections in the area of the high voltage, electromagnetic radiation, contact noise, broadband noise or loosely applied slot simulating earthing fixtures. Various international standards recommend adjustment of frequency bandwidth to acquire genuine PD signals by enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio. IEEE Std. 1434-2000, suggests an acquisition frequency of 2 MHz with adjustable bandwidth. Once an appropriate data acquisition bandwidth is established, the recommended approach to determine expectations for PD magnitudes on new factory windings is to compare PD magnitudes with the machine manufacturer's historical distribution, developed for windings with similar geometry, voltage rating and insulation system construction. This will be more meaningful than attempting to establish an absolute limit based on voltage rating.
{"title":"What can go wrong during stator coil partial discharge measurements according to IEC 60270?","authors":"S. Haq, Luis H. A. Teran, M. Stranges, W. Veerkamp","doi":"10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900059","url":null,"abstract":"The available literature on partial discharge (PD) analysis suggests that measurements should be performed at higher frequency bandwidth than the conventional IEC 60270 methods, to enhance capability for detection of stator coil defects. In an energized test object, electrical disturbances or noise can strongly influence the observed PD magnitude. Spurious PD could be due to proximate sparking of imperfectly earthed objects, loose connections in the area of the high voltage, electromagnetic radiation, contact noise, broadband noise or loosely applied slot simulating earthing fixtures. Various international standards recommend adjustment of frequency bandwidth to acquire genuine PD signals by enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio. IEEE Std. 1434-2000, suggests an acquisition frequency of 2 MHz with adjustable bandwidth. Once an appropriate data acquisition bandwidth is established, the recommended approach to determine expectations for PD magnitudes on new factory windings is to compare PD magnitudes with the machine manufacturer's historical distribution, developed for windings with similar geometry, voltage rating and insulation system construction. This will be more meaningful than attempting to establish an absolute limit based on voltage rating.","PeriodicalId":196668,"journal":{"name":"2014 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference Europe","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132788196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-03DOI: 10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900057
Tino Wymann, Pieder Jorg
Voltage dips or power interruptions in the grid cause huge problems for the users. The ride-through behavior of frequency converters can be a very good solution to bridge the gap. But how does the whole drive system react in case of power loss? The kinetic energy recovery is only successful when all the important elements in the chain fit together. This paper reconsiders the topic on a power drive system level and gives practical information to the users, based on the experience of a drive manufacturer.
{"title":"Power loss ride-through in a variable speed drive system","authors":"Tino Wymann, Pieder Jorg","doi":"10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900057","url":null,"abstract":"Voltage dips or power interruptions in the grid cause huge problems for the users. The ride-through behavior of frequency converters can be a very good solution to bridge the gap. But how does the whole drive system react in case of power loss? The kinetic energy recovery is only successful when all the important elements in the chain fit together. This paper reconsiders the topic on a power drive system level and gives practical information to the users, based on the experience of a drive manufacturer.","PeriodicalId":196668,"journal":{"name":"2014 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference Europe","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123540097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-03DOI: 10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900065
J. Antonino-Daviu, Sang Bin Lee, E. Wiedenbrug
A compilation of industrial case studies for current based broken rotor bar detection in high voltage induction machines operating in water intake facilities and petrochemical plants is presented in this paper. A technique (Advanced Transient Current Signature Analysis, ATCSA) based on the analysis of the stator transient current is assessed and compared to the widely spread Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) technology. ATCSA relies on the application of advanced signal processing tools that enable to track the signatures created by the fault components across the transient. These `transient signatures' lead to a reliable understanding of the machine condition and provide much more information than a single frequency peak in a FFT spectrum. The new method has proven to be valid to avoid false positives provided by the classical MCSA, such as those occurring under presence of oscillating load torques or cooling axial ducts. The work verifies the industrial applicability of the approach and its reliability in cases where the classical MCSA leads to false indications. The verification is performed on High Voltage induction motors operating in a petrochemical plant in Korea as well as on a water intake facility at the same country. Some of the motors had actual broken rotor bar faults and false positive fault indications.
{"title":"Reliable detection of rotor bar failures in induction motors operating in petrochemical plants","authors":"J. Antonino-Daviu, Sang Bin Lee, E. Wiedenbrug","doi":"10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900065","url":null,"abstract":"A compilation of industrial case studies for current based broken rotor bar detection in high voltage induction machines operating in water intake facilities and petrochemical plants is presented in this paper. A technique (Advanced Transient Current Signature Analysis, ATCSA) based on the analysis of the stator transient current is assessed and compared to the widely spread Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) technology. ATCSA relies on the application of advanced signal processing tools that enable to track the signatures created by the fault components across the transient. These `transient signatures' lead to a reliable understanding of the machine condition and provide much more information than a single frequency peak in a FFT spectrum. The new method has proven to be valid to avoid false positives provided by the classical MCSA, such as those occurring under presence of oscillating load torques or cooling axial ducts. The work verifies the industrial applicability of the approach and its reliability in cases where the classical MCSA leads to false indications. The verification is performed on High Voltage induction motors operating in a petrochemical plant in Korea as well as on a water intake facility at the same country. Some of the motors had actual broken rotor bar faults and false positive fault indications.","PeriodicalId":196668,"journal":{"name":"2014 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference Europe","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130618401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-03DOI: 10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900053
K. Deacon, Stephen T. Lanier, J. Kubik, M. Harshman
The oil and gas industry is considered conservative. However, a few members of the industry came together to design and implement one of the world's largest, most technologically advanced variable frequency drive (VFD) systems in liquefied natural gas (LNG) processing. Operating in one of the world's most demanding environments in Ras Laffan, Qatar, the systems show that large electric drives provide significant benefits through process productivity and flexibility [1]. Additionally, this project depended on many of the well-known advantages of VFDs, including motor soft-starting, adjustable process speeds, load flexibility, high availability and regenerative braking. The benefits also include energy efficiency and low impact on the power system, the machine and the environment. This paper discusses a starter-helper-generator application on the world's largest LNG mega-trains. When the project was conceived there was no standard product available at the required power level that could meet all the project criteria. The project team adopted a process to select the most appropriate VFD technology base, identify where this technology had to be extended (or step-out) and mitigate risk. This equipment has now been in successful operation for more than four years and the paper concludes with a discussion of lessons-learned.
{"title":"Managing technology step-outs and optimising process performance of starter-helper-generator VFDs on gas-turbine driven LNG trains","authors":"K. Deacon, Stephen T. Lanier, J. Kubik, M. Harshman","doi":"10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900053","url":null,"abstract":"The oil and gas industry is considered conservative. However, a few members of the industry came together to design and implement one of the world's largest, most technologically advanced variable frequency drive (VFD) systems in liquefied natural gas (LNG) processing. Operating in one of the world's most demanding environments in Ras Laffan, Qatar, the systems show that large electric drives provide significant benefits through process productivity and flexibility [1]. Additionally, this project depended on many of the well-known advantages of VFDs, including motor soft-starting, adjustable process speeds, load flexibility, high availability and regenerative braking. The benefits also include energy efficiency and low impact on the power system, the machine and the environment. This paper discusses a starter-helper-generator application on the world's largest LNG mega-trains. When the project was conceived there was no standard product available at the required power level that could meet all the project criteria. The project team adopted a process to select the most appropriate VFD technology base, identify where this technology had to be extended (or step-out) and mitigate risk. This equipment has now been in successful operation for more than four years and the paper concludes with a discussion of lessons-learned.","PeriodicalId":196668,"journal":{"name":"2014 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference Europe","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126907979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-03DOI: 10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900050
J. Lavaud, Bruno Leforgeais, T. Hazel
The trend towards electrical drivers rather than mechanical drivers for offshore installation has led to implementation of large electrical systems and power generation. Due to the offshore environment constraints such as weight and footprint limitations, most of the installation remains operated at voltage of 13, 8 kV and lower which leads to specific constraints on the electrical network design. This paper provides an overview of the implementation of pyrotechnic current limiting devices from the design stage through precommissioning, commissioning and up to operation. A case study will also be developed based on fault event which occurred on a FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading) leading to severe damage and its consequences on operation conditions. The pyrotechnic current limiting devices operated correctly when the fault occurred. The damage and production losses were due to other causes which will be highlighted.
{"title":"Pyrotechnic current limiting devices — From design to operation","authors":"J. Lavaud, Bruno Leforgeais, T. Hazel","doi":"10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900050","url":null,"abstract":"The trend towards electrical drivers rather than mechanical drivers for offshore installation has led to implementation of large electrical systems and power generation. Due to the offshore environment constraints such as weight and footprint limitations, most of the installation remains operated at voltage of 13, 8 kV and lower which leads to specific constraints on the electrical network design. This paper provides an overview of the implementation of pyrotechnic current limiting devices from the design stage through precommissioning, commissioning and up to operation. A case study will also be developed based on fault event which occurred on a FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading) leading to severe damage and its consequences on operation conditions. The pyrotechnic current limiting devices operated correctly when the fault occurred. The damage and production losses were due to other causes which will be highlighted.","PeriodicalId":196668,"journal":{"name":"2014 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference Europe","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117327991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-03DOI: 10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900058
Shailesh Chauhan
Ex installations are safety critical elements. Projects still fail to deliver a good quality Ex installation mostly due to lack of proper planning and execution of the Ex inspections during commissioning phase. The poor quality of Ex installation delivered to the maintenance organization becomes a nightmare as the maintenance organization is neither resourced nor does it have adequate budget to handle this challenge. This paper will discuss the Ex inspection journey of a new non-ATEX site where Ex inspections and Ex equipment records were not properly handled during the project phase. No Ex dossier was delivered as a part of the project. The main challenges faced by the maintenance staff included Ex competency, Ex Inspection strategy, resources constraints and access issues. Over a period of years the site developed a robust competency development process, overcame resources and access issues to deliver a high quality Ex inspection campaign. The journey includes some experiments to overcome the access issues for the Ex equipment installed at an inaccessible height without installing expensive scaffolding. An interesting use of abseilers to execute Ex close inspections and prepare Ex register is discussed with details. Various experiences and lessons learned during the four year journey are shared in this paper.
{"title":"Ex inspections — A journey for maintenance engineers","authors":"Shailesh Chauhan","doi":"10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900058","url":null,"abstract":"Ex installations are safety critical elements. Projects still fail to deliver a good quality Ex installation mostly due to lack of proper planning and execution of the Ex inspections during commissioning phase. The poor quality of Ex installation delivered to the maintenance organization becomes a nightmare as the maintenance organization is neither resourced nor does it have adequate budget to handle this challenge. This paper will discuss the Ex inspection journey of a new non-ATEX site where Ex inspections and Ex equipment records were not properly handled during the project phase. No Ex dossier was delivered as a part of the project. The main challenges faced by the maintenance staff included Ex competency, Ex Inspection strategy, resources constraints and access issues. Over a period of years the site developed a robust competency development process, overcame resources and access issues to deliver a high quality Ex inspection campaign. The journey includes some experiments to overcome the access issues for the Ex equipment installed at an inaccessible height without installing expensive scaffolding. An interesting use of abseilers to execute Ex close inspections and prepare Ex register is discussed with details. Various experiences and lessons learned during the four year journey are shared in this paper.","PeriodicalId":196668,"journal":{"name":"2014 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference Europe","volume":"696 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128594171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-03DOI: 10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900051
A. Gaastra, N. Paterson
Temporary diesel generation is often required to be installed on offshore facilities during production outages to maintain supplies to utilities systems. Platform power systems are often not designed to accommodate connection of temporary generation and engineering is required to ensure the power system operates reliably and safely. The design must consider multiple interfaces with electrical, control and process systems. This paper examines lessons learned from various temporary installations that have been used offshore. Consideration is given to the interface with the main power system, protection and earthing arrangements, nonstandard operation of existing equipment and process factors such as fuelling systems. Commercial drivers for various designs and operating scenarios are also analysed. The paper is intended to aid operators in selecting and designing appropriate temporary power installations.
{"title":"Temporary power generation installations offshore","authors":"A. Gaastra, N. Paterson","doi":"10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICEUROPE.2014.6900051","url":null,"abstract":"Temporary diesel generation is often required to be installed on offshore facilities during production outages to maintain supplies to utilities systems. Platform power systems are often not designed to accommodate connection of temporary generation and engineering is required to ensure the power system operates reliably and safely. The design must consider multiple interfaces with electrical, control and process systems. This paper examines lessons learned from various temporary installations that have been used offshore. Consideration is given to the interface with the main power system, protection and earthing arrangements, nonstandard operation of existing equipment and process factors such as fuelling systems. Commercial drivers for various designs and operating scenarios are also analysed. The paper is intended to aid operators in selecting and designing appropriate temporary power installations.","PeriodicalId":196668,"journal":{"name":"2014 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference Europe","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125996025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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