Pub Date : 2018-12-07DOI: 10.4324/9781351127264-13
Kirsten E. H. Jenkins, Benjamin Sovacool
{"title":"Managing energy and climate transitions in theory and practice","authors":"Kirsten E. H. Jenkins, Benjamin Sovacool","doi":"10.4324/9781351127264-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351127264-13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":196978,"journal":{"name":"Transitions in Energy Efficiency and Demand","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116016852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimentation with vehicle automation","authors":"D. Hopkins, T. Schwanen","doi":"10.4324/9781351127264-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351127264-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":196978,"journal":{"name":"Transitions in Energy Efficiency and Demand","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120899274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy efficiency has gained significant policy and research attention for over a number of years, but often the focus is on rebound effects, the portion of the potential energy savings not realised because of economic responses. In this chapter, we seek to demonstrate that there are several macroeconomic impacts associated with energy efficiency improvements, which merit significantly more attention and deliver a wide range of socio-economic benefits. Our findings show that improving the energy efficiency of households could stimulate the economic activity within a nation or a region, leading to increased employment opportunities, investment and potentially public budget savings. Moreover, energy efficiency could aid in alleviating fuel poverty. And in every case that we have examined, those benefits are realised while achieving energy savings. We understand though that rebound is not likely to be left out of energy efficiency discussions. We then propose the use of an alternative metric of the effectiveness of energy efficiency policies; one that focuses on the achieved savings rather than those that did not materialise.
{"title":"Energy-saving innovations and economy-wide rebound effects","authors":"Gioele Figus, K. Turner, Antonios Katris","doi":"10.4324/9781351127264-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351127264-9","url":null,"abstract":"Energy efficiency has gained significant policy and research attention for over a number of years, but often the focus is on rebound effects, the portion of the potential energy savings not realised because of economic responses. In this chapter, we seek to demonstrate that there are several macroeconomic impacts associated with energy efficiency improvements, which merit significantly more attention and deliver a wide range of socio-economic benefits. Our findings show that improving the energy efficiency of households could stimulate the economic activity within a nation or a region, leading to increased employment opportunities, investment and potentially public budget savings. Moreover, energy efficiency could aid in alleviating fuel poverty. And in every case that we have examined, those benefits are realised while achieving energy savings. We understand though that rebound is not likely to be left out of energy efficiency discussions. We then propose the use of an alternative metric of the effectiveness of energy efficiency policies; one that focuses on the achieved savings rather than those that did not materialise.","PeriodicalId":196978,"journal":{"name":"Transitions in Energy Efficiency and Demand","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121066882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter considers visions of personal transport futures in the UK, and the role of electric vehicles (EVs) therein, through analysis of documents from government, the automotive industry and others. A ‘central vision’ was constructed from the documents, a single future with small variations that represents incumbent actors’ perspectives. This future is a slow shift to low-emission vehicles, probably EVs, with little change to other aspects of personal transport, allowing high demand to persist as incumbents adjust their production. This vision potentially prevents a deeper transition towards sustainability by locking out alternative futures. Further, its limited scope is unrealistic in its lack of disruption and discontinuity. Incumbent actors construct visions to promote their agendas and maintain power, a form of institutional work. Some regime (incumbent) actors consider change inevitable, making the reproduction pathway untenable, and therefore engage in a transformation pathway, aiming to make EVs a more symbiotic niche, limiting disruptive change. Engaging with diverse future visions from a variety of actors would better prepare policymakers to plan for future transport. The visions must include disruption and failure to meet emission reduction targets, and more realistic portrayal of people and behaviour.
{"title":"Electric vehicles and the future of personal mobility in the United Kingdom","authors":"Noam Bergman","doi":"10.4324/9781351127264-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351127264-4","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers visions of personal transport futures in the UK, and the role of electric vehicles (EVs) therein, through analysis of documents from government, the automotive industry and others. A ‘central vision’ was constructed from the documents, a single future with small variations that represents incumbent actors’ perspectives. This future is a slow shift to low-emission vehicles, probably EVs, with little change to other aspects of personal transport, allowing high demand to persist as incumbents adjust their production. This vision potentially prevents a deeper transition towards sustainability by locking out alternative futures. Further, its limited scope is unrealistic in its lack of disruption and discontinuity. Incumbent actors construct visions to promote their agendas and maintain power, a form of institutional work. Some regime (incumbent) actors consider change inevitable, making the reproduction pathway untenable, and therefore engage in a transformation pathway, aiming to make EVs a more symbiotic niche, limiting disruptive change. Engaging with diverse future visions from a variety of actors would better prepare policymakers to plan for future transport. The visions must include disruption and failure to meet emission reduction targets, and more realistic portrayal of people and behaviour.","PeriodicalId":196978,"journal":{"name":"Transitions in Energy Efficiency and Demand","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125367384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-07DOI: 10.4324/9781351127264-10
Cameron Roberts, F. Geels
{"title":"Political acceleration of sociotechnical transitions","authors":"Cameron Roberts, F. Geels","doi":"10.4324/9781351127264-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351127264-10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":196978,"journal":{"name":"Transitions in Energy Efficiency and Demand","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128430537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter presents a new field of research – termed exergy economics – which offers a new perspective on the contribution of energy to economic growth. The approach is based upon the thermodynamic concept of useful exergy and the associated measures of exergy efficiency. Contrary to orthodox economics, the chapter argues that improvements in exergy efficiency are a key driver of productivity improvements, and that useful exergy is a key driver of economic growth. The chapter summarises the theoretical arguments underpinning these claims, reviews the recent empirical work in this area and highlights some of the implications.
{"title":"Exergy economics","authors":"P. Brockway, S. Sorrell, T. Foxon, Jack Miller","doi":"10.4324/9781351127264-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351127264-8","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents a new field of research – termed exergy economics – which offers a new perspective on the contribution of energy to economic growth. The approach is based upon the thermodynamic concept of useful exergy and the associated measures of exergy efficiency. Contrary to orthodox economics, the chapter argues that improvements in exergy efficiency are a key driver of productivity improvements, and that useful exergy is a key driver of economic growth. The chapter summarises the theoretical arguments underpinning these claims, reviews the recent empirical work in this area and highlights some of the implications.","PeriodicalId":196978,"journal":{"name":"Transitions in Energy Efficiency and Demand","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114998020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From a sociotechnical perspective, improving energy efficiency and reducing energy demand are understood as social processes with complex interactions between multiple actors (firms, researchers, policymakers, consumers) who develop strategies, make investments, learn, open up new markets and develop new routines. A sociotechnical perspective views energy services as being provided through large-scale, capital-intensive and long-lived infrastructures that co-evolve with technologies, institutions, skills, knowledge and behaviours to create broader ‘sociotechnical systems’. This chapter develops a rationale for the sociotechnical approach, describes its general characteristics and identifies some core research debates. It elaborates upon three research themes – emergence, diffusion and impact – and identifies key issues and debates within each.
{"title":"Of emergence, diffusion and impact","authors":"F. Geels, B. Sovacool, S. Sorrell","doi":"10.4324/9781351127264-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351127264-2","url":null,"abstract":"From a sociotechnical perspective, improving energy efficiency and reducing energy demand are understood as social processes with complex interactions between multiple actors (firms, researchers, policymakers, consumers) who develop strategies, make investments, learn, open up new markets and develop new routines. A sociotechnical perspective views energy services as being provided through large-scale, capital-intensive and long-lived infrastructures that co-evolve with technologies, institutions, skills, knowledge and behaviours to create broader ‘sociotechnical systems’. This chapter develops a rationale for the sociotechnical approach, describes its general characteristics and identifies some core research debates. It elaborates upon three research themes – emergence, diffusion and impact – and identifies key issues and debates within each.","PeriodicalId":196978,"journal":{"name":"Transitions in Energy Efficiency and Demand","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127042550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-07DOI: 10.4324/9781351127264-11
J. Webb
{"title":"The challenge of effective energy efficiency policy in the United Kingdom","authors":"J. Webb","doi":"10.4324/9781351127264-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351127264-11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":196978,"journal":{"name":"Transitions in Energy Efficiency and Demand","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131505420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-30DOI: 10.4324/9781351127264-12
F. Kern, Paula Kivimaa, Karoline S. Rogge, Jan Rosenow
Any new policy goals pertaining to sustainable energy transitions and associated policy instruments to help foster such change will not exist in a vacuum. Rather, they will become embedded in pre-existing policy contexts with legacies of goals and instruments already in place. It is this messy reality that ultimately influences policy outcomes and it is therefore increasingly important to explicitly study ‘real-world’ policy mixes. This chapter draws on the emerging literature on policy mixes for energy transitions and points out that there has been limited attention specifically to energy efficiency policy mixes. The aim of this chapter is to summarise some of the empirical research on energy efficiency policy mixes conducted as part of CIED in order to draw out overall academic insights and avenues for further research. We also provide policy reflections on design principles for policy mixes for sustainable energy transitions in which energy efficiency plays a key role.
{"title":"Policy mixes for sustainable energy transitions","authors":"F. Kern, Paula Kivimaa, Karoline S. Rogge, Jan Rosenow","doi":"10.4324/9781351127264-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351127264-12","url":null,"abstract":"Any new policy goals pertaining to sustainable energy transitions and associated policy instruments to help foster such change will not exist in a vacuum. Rather, they will become embedded in pre-existing policy contexts with legacies of goals and instruments already in place. It is this messy reality that ultimately influences policy outcomes and it is therefore increasingly important to explicitly study ‘real-world’ policy mixes. This chapter draws on the emerging literature on policy mixes for energy transitions and points out that there has been limited attention specifically to energy efficiency policy mixes. The aim of this chapter is to summarise some of the empirical research on energy efficiency policy mixes conducted as part of CIED in order to draw out overall academic insights and avenues for further research. We also provide policy reflections on design principles for policy mixes for sustainable energy transitions in which energy efficiency plays a key role.","PeriodicalId":196978,"journal":{"name":"Transitions in Energy Efficiency and Demand","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121933841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meeting emissions targets necessitates both the rapid transformation of our physical energy systems and the societies that surround or use them, influencing who uses which energy source, how, and when. Thus, it is inevitable that there will be winners and losers, including the people who, for a variety of reasons, cannot access or afford the benefits from those transitions. In this vein, making sure that all voices are represented in transitions plans and their actualisation is undoubtedly a question of social justice. Yet despite ongoing debates about ethics and justice, one social element missing from transitions frameworks is explicit, practice-oriented engagement with the energy justice concept; an omission that is arguably mirrored in practice. In this regard, this chapter serves a dual purpose. First, it reiterates and reaffirms the need for socially just transitions approaches in energy demand scholarship and explores the role of the energy justice concept in this. Second, through a case study of fuel poverty, it begins to explore what this may practically look like. We close with policy-relevant recommendations.
{"title":"A normative approach to transitions in energy demand","authors":"Kirsten E. H. Jenkins, Mari Martiskainen","doi":"10.4324/9781351127264-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351127264-3","url":null,"abstract":"Meeting emissions targets necessitates both the rapid transformation of our physical energy systems and the societies that surround or use them, influencing who uses which energy source, how, and when. Thus, it is inevitable that there will be winners and losers, including the people who, for a variety of reasons, cannot access or afford the benefits from those transitions. In this vein, making sure that all voices are represented in transitions plans and their actualisation is undoubtedly a question of social justice. Yet despite ongoing debates about ethics and justice, one social element missing from transitions frameworks is explicit, practice-oriented engagement with the energy justice concept; an omission that is arguably mirrored in practice. In this regard, this chapter serves a dual purpose. First, it reiterates and reaffirms the need for socially just transitions approaches in energy demand scholarship and explores the role of the energy justice concept in this. Second, through a case study of fuel poverty, it begins to explore what this may practically look like. We close with policy-relevant recommendations.","PeriodicalId":196978,"journal":{"name":"Transitions in Energy Efficiency and Demand","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124479545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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