Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1017/9781108565011.030
D. Chambers, C. Huang, Gareth D. K. Matthews
The right side of the heart generates flow around the pulmonary circulation, moving deoxygenated venous blood from the heart to the lungs.
心脏的右侧在肺循环周围产生血流，将缺氧的静脉血从心脏输送到肺部。
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Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1017/9781108565011.033
D. Chambers, C. Huang, Gareth D. K. Matthews
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Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1017/9781108565011.010
D. Chambers, C. Huang, Gareth D. K. Matthews
The lower airways can be divided into the larynx and tracheobronchial tree, which is subdivided into the conducting and respiratory zones.
下气道可分为喉部和气管支气管，气管支气管又分为传导区和呼吸区。
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Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1017/9781108565011.020
D. Chambers, C. Huang, Gareth D. K. Matthews
Global O 2 consumption V O 2 (mL/min) is the volume of O 2 that is consumed by the body per minute.
全球o2消耗量V o2 (mL/min)是指人体每分钟消耗的o2体积。
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Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.1017/9781108565011.019
D. Chambers, C. Huang, Gareth D. K. Matthews
In the upright position, ventilation and perfusion both increase from the top to the bottom of the lung. This was previously attributed to the effect of gravity (the so-called gravitational model), but it is now thought that structural similarities between the pulmonary arteries and bronchioles contribute (see Chapter 15).
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Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suz170
Features Provides comprehensive coverage from diagnosis and clinical evaluation of pulmonary hypertension to imaging techniques, disorders and treatment Includes new chapters on right ventricular biology, drug, non-drug therapy and trial design, classification, lung transplantation, pulmonary vascular tumors, pediatrics and phenotyping Contains a wealth of detail on the latest developments from global experts and key opinion leaders Elucidates challenging concepts with useful illustrations now in full color throughout the book Distills and highlights extensive reference material for the clinician
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Pub Date : 1996-06-27DOI: 10.1017/9781108565011.048
A. Sandeman
Lean tenometer. The irides were violently inflamed; the anterior chambers were full of floating cells and a fibrinous exudate. A deep keratitis began at one side of the right cornea and had gradually extended into part of the pupillary area. The vision in both eyes was limited to the perception of hand movements at a distance of a few feet. The general physical examination, the urine and blood Wassermann were negative. The blood count was not remarkable. The youth of the patient, the presence of the recent violent inflammatory reaction in the immediate neighborhood of the eyes, and close contact with an extensive case of impetigo in the same family, made me very hesitant to undertake any operative procedure. One dose of suprarenin bitartrate was administered to both eyes. This resulted in the elevation of the intraocular tension in both eyes and a fairly wide dilatation of both pupils, and in greatly increasing the discomfort and apprehension of the patient. The day after the administration of the suprarenin bitartrate, Doctor Josephson's reprint arrived. I found that the substance was available under the name of Eschatin (Parke, Davis & Company); and after a consultation with Dr. Chauncey Leake, professor of pharmacology at the University of California, and Dr. Garnet Cheney, who had used the substance extensively in the treatment of Addison's disease, I decided to use it intravenously. One cubic centimeter was administered intravenously on August 28, 1935. Immediately before administration the tension was 60 in the right eye and 55 in the left by the McLean tenometer. Before the needle was withdrawn from the vein, the patient sat up and remarked that she saw better. I ascribed this to the Italian temperament; but in thirty-five minutes I again took the tension with the tenometer and could hardly believe my eyes when both eyes registered 45, McLean. The substance has been administered intravenously in doses of 1 cubic centimeter daily since, each time with a marked drop in the tension and a corresponding improvement in vision. As soon as it was considered safe, her hypertrophied, infected tonsils were removed, and she has since shown slow but steady improvement. The cortin has tided her over the acute stage and saved her eyes from surgical operation, which at best is not very satisfactory in this type of case. This experience leads me to believe that cortin has a very definite place in the treatment of glaucoma. It is, of course, probable that the more frequent administration would be advantageous. It would be interesting to investigate the possibility that the occasional beneficial effect of epinephrin in glaucoma may be due to an admixture of cortin, and to determine if instillation in the conjunctival sac is effective. 490 Post Street. GEORGE N. HoSFORD, San Francisco. NARCOSIS AND OXIDATIVE MECHANISMS OF THE BRAIN
精益tenometer。虹膜剧烈地发炎;前房充满了漂浮细胞和纤维性渗出物。深角膜炎始于右角膜一侧，并逐渐延伸至部分瞳孔区。两只眼睛的视力被限制在几英尺外的手部运动的感知。全身体检，尿、血Wassermann均为阴性。血球计数并不显著。患者年龄小，眼部附近最近出现剧烈炎症反应，并与同一家庭的广泛脓疱疮病例密切接触，这使我非常犹豫是否要进行任何手术。双眼注射双酒石酸超肾上腺素一剂。这导致双眼眼内张力升高，双眼瞳孔扩大，极大地增加了患者的不适和忧虑。注射双酒石酸超肾上腺素的第二天，约瑟夫森医生的重印版来了。我发现这种物质以Eschatin (Parke, Davis & Company)的名义可以买到;在咨询了加州大学药理学教授昌西·利克博士和加内特·切尼博士之后，我决定将其静脉注射。加内特·切尼博士曾广泛使用这种物质治疗艾迪生病。1935年8月28日静脉注射1立方厘米。在给药前，麦克林张力计测得右眼张力为60，左眼张力为55。在针从静脉中取出之前，病人坐了起来，说她看得好多了。我把这归因于意大利人的性情;但过了35分钟，我又用张力计测量了一下，几乎不敢相信自己的眼睛，两只眼睛都显示出45，麦克莱恩。这种物质每天以1立方厘米的剂量静脉注射，每次都有明显的张力下降和相应的视力改善。一旦被认为是安全的，她肥大的、受感染的扁桃体就被切除了，从那以后，她表现出缓慢但稳定的改善。皮质激素使她度过了急性期，使她的眼睛免于外科手术，对这种情况来说，外科手术充其量也不是很令人满意。这一经历使我相信cortin在青光眼的治疗中具有非常明确的地位。当然，更频繁地给药可能是有利的。研究肾上腺素在青光眼中偶尔的有益作用可能是由于皮质素的混合物，并确定在结膜囊中滴入是否有效，这将是很有趣的。邮政街490号。乔治·霍斯福德，旧金山。大脑的麻醉和氧化机制
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