Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.1515/9780822390169-043
B. Ojo
{"title":"Human Rights and the New World Order","authors":"B. Ojo","doi":"10.1515/9780822390169-043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822390169-043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197145,"journal":{"name":"On Violence","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125126597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.1515/9780822390169-002
Bruce B. Lawrence, Aisha Karem
What is violence, and how is it calculated? September 11, 2001 has become the milestone of violence for the twenty-first century and for American citizens. On that day four U.S. commercial airliners were hijacked and transformed into weapons of mass destruction. One plane hit the Pentagon, destroying part of a major annex and exacting a high death toll. One plane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania, killing all on board. But the deadliest two planes were guided into the World Trade Center towers, major monuments of U.S. financial prowess located in New York City; both towers collapsed, and the lives of thousands were lost. But how many thousands died? One day after the attack the U.S. media reported that 7,000 lives had been lost in the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. The final count, tallied less than four months later, was 2,893. Airplane wrecks can lead to indirect as well as direct carnage. In April 1994, following a plane crash that killed both the president of Burundi and the president of Rwanda, rumors abounded about the cause. Some suspected that the plane had been shot down due to ethnic rivalries and desires for vengeance. Riots flared in Rwanda. The estimated number of Tutsi and Hutu killed varied between 10,000 and 200,000! But, indisputably, the greater number of those killed were Hutu, so much so that the violence in Central Africa is now called Hutu genocide, albeit, outside of Rwanda, a faceless and nameless genocide.∞ Not so the death of Amy Biehl. In August 1993 in South Africa, Biehl was dragged from her car in a black township near Capetown and beaten to death by three shantytown black youth. Her murder shocked. It, and the trial that followed, drew extensive media attention. Many black deaths also took place during 1993–1994, yet they ‘‘continued to be reported unceremoniously in South African newspapers as mere body counts, a persistent residue of the apartheid years. White deaths ‘count’—the victims have names, personalities, histories and grieving family members.’’ Black deaths do not, with ‘‘African murder victims . . . normally reported as ‘faceless, unidentified bodies.’ ’’≤ Whether the goal is to count victims of violence or to represent them, the lesson is the same: context matters. Violence always has a context. Context shapes not just the actors or victims but also those who represent them. What is celebrated in one place may be mourned in another. Memory is never an equal balance, or a neutral lens, of human experience and history. What may be remembered and highlighted in New York may seem unimportant, even incon-
{"title":"General Introduction: Theorizing Violence in the Twenty-first Century","authors":"Bruce B. Lawrence, Aisha Karem","doi":"10.1515/9780822390169-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822390169-002","url":null,"abstract":"What is violence, and how is it calculated? September 11, 2001 has become the milestone of violence for the twenty-first century and for American citizens. On that day four U.S. commercial airliners were hijacked and transformed into weapons of mass destruction. One plane hit the Pentagon, destroying part of a major annex and exacting a high death toll. One plane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania, killing all on board. But the deadliest two planes were guided into the World Trade Center towers, major monuments of U.S. financial prowess located in New York City; both towers collapsed, and the lives of thousands were lost. But how many thousands died? One day after the attack the U.S. media reported that 7,000 lives had been lost in the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. The final count, tallied less than four months later, was 2,893. Airplane wrecks can lead to indirect as well as direct carnage. In April 1994, following a plane crash that killed both the president of Burundi and the president of Rwanda, rumors abounded about the cause. Some suspected that the plane had been shot down due to ethnic rivalries and desires for vengeance. Riots flared in Rwanda. The estimated number of Tutsi and Hutu killed varied between 10,000 and 200,000! But, indisputably, the greater number of those killed were Hutu, so much so that the violence in Central Africa is now called Hutu genocide, albeit, outside of Rwanda, a faceless and nameless genocide.∞ Not so the death of Amy Biehl. In August 1993 in South Africa, Biehl was dragged from her car in a black township near Capetown and beaten to death by three shantytown black youth. Her murder shocked. It, and the trial that followed, drew extensive media attention. Many black deaths also took place during 1993–1994, yet they ‘‘continued to be reported unceremoniously in South African newspapers as mere body counts, a persistent residue of the apartheid years. White deaths ‘count’—the victims have names, personalities, histories and grieving family members.’’ Black deaths do not, with ‘‘African murder victims . . . normally reported as ‘faceless, unidentified bodies.’ ’’≤ Whether the goal is to count victims of violence or to represent them, the lesson is the same: context matters. Violence always has a context. Context shapes not just the actors or victims but also those who represent them. What is celebrated in one place may be mourned in another. Memory is never an equal balance, or a neutral lens, of human experience and history. What may be remembered and highlighted in New York may seem unimportant, even incon-","PeriodicalId":197145,"journal":{"name":"On Violence","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123317905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.1515/9780822390169-016
{"title":"The Right of Emergency Defense","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9780822390169-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822390169-016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197145,"journal":{"name":"On Violence","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123512993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.1515/9780822390169-063
{"title":"Manifesto: Towards a Free Revolutionary Art","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9780822390169-063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822390169-063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197145,"journal":{"name":"On Violence","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121070068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Outline of a Theory of Practice is recognized as a major theoretical text on the foundations of anthropology and sociology. Pierre Bourdieu, a distinguished French anthropologist, develops a theory of practice which is simultaneously a critique of the methods and postures of social science and a general account of how human action should be understood. With his central concept of the habitus, the principle which negotiates between objective structures and practices, Bourdieu is able to transcend the dichotomies which have shaped theoretical thinking about the social world. The author draws on his fieldwork in Kabylia (Algeria) to illustrate his theoretical propositions. With detailed study of matrimonial strategies and the role of rite and myth, he analyses the dialectical process of the 'incorporation of structures' and the objectification of habitus, whereby social formations tend to reproduce themselves. A rigorous consistent materialist approach lays the foundations for a theory of symbolic capital and, through analysis of the different modes of domination, a theory of symbolic power.
{"title":"Outline of a Theory of Practice","authors":"P. Bourdieu, Richard Nice","doi":"10.2307/532672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/532672","url":null,"abstract":"Outline of a Theory of Practice is recognized as a major theoretical text on the foundations of anthropology and sociology. Pierre Bourdieu, a distinguished French anthropologist, develops a theory of practice which is simultaneously a critique of the methods and postures of social science and a general account of how human action should be understood. With his central concept of the habitus, the principle which negotiates between objective structures and practices, Bourdieu is able to transcend the dichotomies which have shaped theoretical thinking about the social world. The author draws on his fieldwork in Kabylia (Algeria) to illustrate his theoretical propositions. With detailed study of matrimonial strategies and the role of rite and myth, he analyses the dialectical process of the 'incorporation of structures' and the objectification of habitus, whereby social formations tend to reproduce themselves. A rigorous consistent materialist approach lays the foundations for a theory of symbolic capital and, through analysis of the different modes of domination, a theory of symbolic power.","PeriodicalId":197145,"journal":{"name":"On Violence","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130464927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-15DOI: 10.1215/9780822390169-024
R. Jacquard, Samia Serageldin, George Holoch
Preface ix Introduction / Samia Serageldin 1 1 A Young Man from a Good Family 11 2 From Riyadh to Peshawar 20 3 Exile in the Sudan 27 4 Among the Taliban 37 5 The Islamic Legion 54 6 The Anti-American Crusade 73 7 Target: Bin Laden 86 8 Osama bin Laden Confronts the Arab World 93 9 The Bin Laden Brotherhood 99 10 Asian Fever 118 11 The Bin Laden Network's Billions 126 12 Drugs and Terrorism 135 13 Jihad's New Weapons 142 Epilogue 158 Afterward / Samia Serageldin 160 Appendix 167 Glossary 274 Notes 276 Index 289
{"title":"In the Name of Osama Bin Laden: Global Terrorism and the Bin Laden Brotherhood","authors":"R. Jacquard, Samia Serageldin, George Holoch","doi":"10.1215/9780822390169-024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822390169-024","url":null,"abstract":"Preface ix Introduction / Samia Serageldin 1 1 A Young Man from a Good Family 11 2 From Riyadh to Peshawar 20 3 Exile in the Sudan 27 4 Among the Taliban 37 5 The Islamic Legion 54 6 The Anti-American Crusade 73 7 Target: Bin Laden 86 8 Osama bin Laden Confronts the Arab World 93 9 The Bin Laden Brotherhood 99 10 Asian Fever 118 11 The Bin Laden Network's Billions 126 12 Drugs and Terrorism 135 13 Jihad's New Weapons 142 Epilogue 158 Afterward / Samia Serageldin 160 Appendix 167 Glossary 274 Notes 276 Index 289","PeriodicalId":197145,"journal":{"name":"On Violence","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115403487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-06-03DOI: 10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780195670561.003.0006
A. G. Noorani
{"title":"The Shah Bano Case","authors":"A. G. Noorani","doi":"10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780195670561.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780195670561.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197145,"journal":{"name":"On Violence","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127824464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behind the official story domination, acting and fantasy the public transcript as a respectable performance false-consciousness or laying it on thick making social space for a dissident subculture voice under domination - the arts of political disguise the infrapolitics of subordinate groups a saturnalia of power - the first public declaration of the hidden transcript.
{"title":"Domination and the Arts of Resistance","authors":"James C. Scott","doi":"10.12987/9780300153569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12987/9780300153569","url":null,"abstract":"Behind the official story domination, acting and fantasy the public transcript as a respectable performance false-consciousness or laying it on thick making social space for a dissident subculture voice under domination - the arts of political disguise the infrapolitics of subordinate groups a saturnalia of power - the first public declaration of the hidden transcript.","PeriodicalId":197145,"journal":{"name":"On Violence","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115532893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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