Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4324/9780429055164-12
J. Defourny, M. Nyssens, Olivier Brolis
The last two or three decades have witnessed a high number of conceptual attempts to define social enterprise (SE). It is rather easy today to identify the criteria or distinctive features that were most debated in such conceptual discussions: the primacy of social aims (Nicholls 2006); the search for market income in non-profit organisations, as developed by Skloot (1983) as early as the 1980s, and then more widely in “mission-driven business” (Austin et al. 2006); the specific profile and role of individual social entrepreneurs as described by Dees (1998); the place of innovation, from the Schumpeterian works of Young (1983) through those of Mulgan (2007) on social innovation; and the issue of governance, for a sustainable balance between economic and social objectives, as highlighted by the EMES International Research Network (Defourny and Borzaga 2001).
在过去的二三十年里，人们对社会企业(SE)的概念进行了大量的尝试。今天，我们很容易就能识别出这些概念性讨论中争论最多的标准或特征:社会目标的首要性(Nicholls 2006);在非营利组织中寻找市场收入，Skloot(1983)早在20世纪80年代就提出了这一观点，然后在“使命驱动型企业”中得到了更广泛的应用(Austin et al. 2006);迪斯(1998)所描述的个别社会企业家的具体形象和作用;从Young(1983)的熊彼特主义著作到Mulgan(2007)关于社会创新的著作，创新的场所;以及治理问题，以实现经济和社会目标之间的可持续平衡，正如EMES国际研究网络所强调的那样(Defourny和Borzaga 2001)。
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