Pub Date : 1986-12-01DOI: 10.1080/09637498608431269
Algirdas Landsbergis
This is an unusual admission in a land where atheistic journalism of the tabloid variety flourishes throughout the media and where almost 50,000 members of the Zinija association a branch of the Russian Znaniye ("knowledge") Society and countless freelancers eagerly seeking financial and professional advancement are engaged in propagating militant atheism. A more optimistic, but not very convincing, assessment was made in a book published in 1984, which set out to prove that "free-thinking and atheism are an inseparable element of our culture". 2 In a series of articles, Lithuanian folklore and literature were ransacked for examples of antireligious materials, including what could be called the "fakelore" of the Stalin area, which are then proudly presented as evidence of an "antireligious culture". The infinitely richer religious folklore and literature ate simply disregarded. But even in this book there are admissions that Lithuanian writers are reluctant to join the anti-religious crusade:
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Pub Date : 1986-12-01DOI: 10.1080/09637498608431270
P. Hodges
During 1983 and 1984 it was clear from the pages of the main Albanian daily paper, Zerii Popullit (Voice of the People), that Enver Hpxha's . public appearances were becoming increasingly rare. Photographs of him still appeared frequently in the paper, but they were usually old pictures Hoxha in his youth and prime. The occasional contemporary photograph showed a haggard old man who had obviously become very frail. He was represented by Ramiz Alia on visits to different parts of the country, where he brought Hoxha's greetings and was enthusiastically welcomed. He was obviously being groomed totake over as leader, although one wondered if he would disappear in a power struggle after Hoxha's death. In April 1985 the inevitable neyvs at last came the heart of Albania's beloved Uncle Enver had stopped beating. The man the people had looked on as their saviour, even· as their god, had died. But he remained very much alive in the media .. . . Enver Hoxha died. He was ... No, He is!
{"title":"Albania after Hoxha's death","authors":"P. Hodges","doi":"10.1080/09637498608431270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09637498608431270","url":null,"abstract":"During 1983 and 1984 it was clear from the pages of the main Albanian daily paper, Zerii Popullit (Voice of the People), that Enver Hpxha's . public appearances were becoming increasingly rare. Photographs of him still appeared frequently in the paper, but they were usually old pictures Hoxha in his youth and prime. The occasional contemporary photograph showed a haggard old man who had obviously become very frail. He was represented by Ramiz Alia on visits to different parts of the country, where he brought Hoxha's greetings and was enthusiastically welcomed. He was obviously being groomed totake over as leader, although one wondered if he would disappear in a power struggle after Hoxha's death. In April 1985 the inevitable neyvs at last came the heart of Albania's beloved Uncle Enver had stopped beating. The man the people had looked on as their saviour, even· as their god, had died. But he remained very much alive in the media .. . . Enver Hoxha died. He was ... No, He is!","PeriodicalId":197393,"journal":{"name":"Religion in Communist Lands","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123928378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-12-01DOI: 10.1080/09637498608431268
Andrew Sorokowski
In addition t~ the usual probl~ms associated with the study of East European post-war history unavailability of important archival material, ideological factors, highly biased sources, and the lack of the perspec'tive of time the study of Ukrainian Catholics and Orthodox in Poland and Czechoslovakia since 1945 confronts the researcher with considerable imbalance among available sources. Whereas there is a large body of literature on Ukrainian Catholics in Poland, there is little material available on Ukrainian Orthodox in Czechoslovakia. The amount of information obtainable in the West on Ukrainian Orthodox in Poland and Ukrainian Catholics in Czechoslovakia seems to' fall somewhere in between. There is, furthermore, considerable diffic~lty in identifying and isolating the objects of study. Ethnic assimilation of Ukrainians in both Czechoslovakia and) Poland, as well as controversy about whether such groups as Lemkos and Rusyns are Ukrainian, make it difficult to ascertain who the Ukrainians of these countries are. The absence of separate Ukrainian Catholic or Orthodox Churches in <;;zechoslovakia and Poland compounds. the problem, and it is even reported that until recently, the censors forbade mention of the existence of Greek-Catholics iI) Poland, J although the Greek-Catholic Church does have semi-official status in that country. The fact that virtually all Greek-Catholics in Poland are Ukrainian makes this group relatively conspiCuous, and ,identification of Ukrainians in Poland is somewhat easier than in Czechoslovakia although the official tendency to regard the' Lemko ethnic group as something other than Ukrainian does obscure matters to some extent. Since there are no official breakdowns by nationality of either the Polish government census or of church statistics, one must rely on estimates to ascertain the number of Ukrainian Catholics and Orthodox as well as the overall number of Ukrainians in the country.
{"title":"Ukrainian catholics and orthodox in Poland since 1945","authors":"Andrew Sorokowski","doi":"10.1080/09637498608431268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09637498608431268","url":null,"abstract":"In addition t~ the usual probl~ms associated with the study of East European post-war history unavailability of important archival material, ideological factors, highly biased sources, and the lack of the perspec'tive of time the study of Ukrainian Catholics and Orthodox in Poland and Czechoslovakia since 1945 confronts the researcher with considerable imbalance among available sources. Whereas there is a large body of literature on Ukrainian Catholics in Poland, there is little material available on Ukrainian Orthodox in Czechoslovakia. The amount of information obtainable in the West on Ukrainian Orthodox in Poland and Ukrainian Catholics in Czechoslovakia seems to' fall somewhere in between. There is, furthermore, considerable diffic~lty in identifying and isolating the objects of study. Ethnic assimilation of Ukrainians in both Czechoslovakia and) Poland, as well as controversy about whether such groups as Lemkos and Rusyns are Ukrainian, make it difficult to ascertain who the Ukrainians of these countries are. The absence of separate Ukrainian Catholic or Orthodox Churches in <;;zechoslovakia and Poland compounds. the problem, and it is even reported that until recently, the censors forbade mention of the existence of Greek-Catholics iI) Poland, J although the Greek-Catholic Church does have semi-official status in that country. The fact that virtually all Greek-Catholics in Poland are Ukrainian makes this group relatively conspiCuous, and ,identification of Ukrainians in Poland is somewhat easier than in Czechoslovakia although the official tendency to regard the' Lemko ethnic group as something other than Ukrainian does obscure matters to some extent. Since there are no official breakdowns by nationality of either the Polish government census or of church statistics, one must rely on estimates to ascertain the number of Ukrainian Catholics and Orthodox as well as the overall number of Ukrainians in the country.","PeriodicalId":197393,"journal":{"name":"Religion in Communist Lands","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131678029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-12-01DOI: 10.1080/09637498608431281
J. Eibner
{"title":"Pressure for reform in the Hungarian Lutheran Church","authors":"J. Eibner","doi":"10.1080/09637498608431281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09637498608431281","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197393,"journal":{"name":"Religion in Communist Lands","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122688925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-12-01DOI: 10.1080/09637498608431275
M. Rowe
{"title":"Speculation on changes in soviet legislation on religion","authors":"M. Rowe","doi":"10.1080/09637498608431275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09637498608431275","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197393,"journal":{"name":"Religion in Communist Lands","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133556067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-12-01DOI: 10.1080/09637498608431277
John Anderson
{"title":"The Hare Krishna movement in the USSR","authors":"John Anderson","doi":"10.1080/09637498608431277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09637498608431277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197393,"journal":{"name":"Religion in Communist Lands","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125885741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-12-01DOI: 10.1080/09637498608431280
Irena Korba
{"title":"“Freedom and peace” conscientious objectors in Poland","authors":"Irena Korba","doi":"10.1080/09637498608431280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09637498608431280","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197393,"journal":{"name":"Religion in Communist Lands","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131618384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-06-01DOI: 10.1080/09637498608431261
S. Hackel
{"title":"The British council of Churches delegation to the Churches of the USSR, 17–28 May 1986","authors":"S. Hackel","doi":"10.1080/09637498608431261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09637498608431261","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197393,"journal":{"name":"Religion in Communist Lands","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123879285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-06-01DOI: 10.1080/09637498608431260
J. Ellis
{"title":"The return of the Danilov monastery to the Russian Orthodox Church","authors":"J. Ellis","doi":"10.1080/09637498608431260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09637498608431260","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197393,"journal":{"name":"Religion in Communist Lands","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114642230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1986-06-01DOI: 10.1080/09637498608431248
Mikael Doulos
{"title":"Christians in Marxist Ethiopia","authors":"Mikael Doulos","doi":"10.1080/09637498608431248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09637498608431248","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197393,"journal":{"name":"Religion in Communist Lands","volume":"377 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126962158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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