The Chinese official historical chronicle Xintang shu 新唐書 (compiled c. 1060), includes a section entitled “An Account of Silla” 新羅伝. As a contemporary historical source recording in detail the domestic affairs of the mid-8th century Korean kingdom Silla 新羅, it is a document that has attracted a good deal of attention over the years. At the same time, however, it also contains a number of indecipherable passages like the following:
{"title":"Birth of a Monster Story on the Borderlands: The “Big People” (Chōjin) Legend in 8th-Century Silla","authors":"Lee, Knott","doi":"10.7221/sjlc02.073.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7221/sjlc02.073.0","url":null,"abstract":"The Chinese official historical chronicle Xintang shu 新唐書 (compiled c. 1060), includes a section entitled “An Account of Silla” 新羅伝. As a contemporary historical source recording in detail the domestic affairs of the mid-8th century Korean kingdom Silla 新羅, it is a document that has attracted a good deal of attention over the years. At the same time, however, it also contains a number of indecipherable passages like the following:","PeriodicalId":197397,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Japanese Literature and Culture","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128610086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leafing through Buddhist scriptures, one finds not infrequent reference to the view that illness, ultimately, was merely the working out of karmic justice—the result of evil acts perpetrated over the course of one’s present-or past-life existence. For example, in the “Parables” chapter (Hiyu-hon 譬喩品) of the Sutra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Law (“The Lotus Sutra”, Myōhō renge kyō 妙法蓮華経), one encounters the following explanation regarding the karmic relationship between illness and the sin of disrespecting sacred texts:
{"title":"Illness as Depicted in the Illustrated Legends of Kokawa Temple","authors":"Y. Satomi, J. Knott","doi":"10.7221/sjlc02.029.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7221/sjlc02.029.0","url":null,"abstract":"Leafing through Buddhist scriptures, one finds not infrequent reference to the view that illness, ultimately, was merely the working out of karmic justice—the result of evil acts perpetrated over the course of one’s present-or past-life existence. For example, in the “Parables” chapter (Hiyu-hon 譬喩品) of the Sutra of the Lotus Flower of the Wonderful Law (“The Lotus Sutra”, Myōhō renge kyō 妙法蓮華経), one encounters the following explanation regarding the karmic relationship between illness and the sin of disrespecting sacred texts:","PeriodicalId":197397,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Japanese Literature and Culture","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123397326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Let us begin by taking a look at Figure 1, an image from a thirteenth-century illustrated scroll entitled Kitano tenjin engi 北野天神縁起. Here we see an illnessstricken Fujiwara no Tokihira 藤原時平 (871–909) with two snakes crawling out of his ears. A priest was summoned to pray for the recovery of Tokihira, and during his prayers, two snakes crawled out of his ears. The two snakes were the vengeful spirit of Sugawara no Michizane 菅原道真 (845–903), Tokihira’s former rival, who had died six years prior, after being publicly shamed and exiled. The snakes commanded a certain courtesan to stop the priest from praying. No sooner had the priest halted his prayers and left the room than Tokihira passed away. It was believed that sicknesses and maladies of all sorts were caused by the intrusion into the body of evil spirits and yōkai. According to the historian Kuroda Hideo 黒田日出男 (1943–), a popular belief held throughout the early formative Where Yōkai Enter and Exit the Human Body:
{"title":"Where Yōkai Enter and Exit the Human Body: From Medieval Picture Scrolls to Modern Folktales in Japan","authors":"Yasui","doi":"10.7221/sjlc02.061.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7221/sjlc02.061.0","url":null,"abstract":"Let us begin by taking a look at Figure 1, an image from a thirteenth-century illustrated scroll entitled Kitano tenjin engi 北野天神縁起. Here we see an illnessstricken Fujiwara no Tokihira 藤原時平 (871–909) with two snakes crawling out of his ears. A priest was summoned to pray for the recovery of Tokihira, and during his prayers, two snakes crawled out of his ears. The two snakes were the vengeful spirit of Sugawara no Michizane 菅原道真 (845–903), Tokihira’s former rival, who had died six years prior, after being publicly shamed and exiled. The snakes commanded a certain courtesan to stop the priest from praying. No sooner had the priest halted his prayers and left the room than Tokihira passed away. It was believed that sicknesses and maladies of all sorts were caused by the intrusion into the body of evil spirits and yōkai. According to the historian Kuroda Hideo 黒田日出男 (1943–), a popular belief held throughout the early formative Where Yōkai Enter and Exit the Human Body:","PeriodicalId":197397,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Japanese Literature and Culture","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132409679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Saigyō: The Monk Who Travelled Between Two Worlds","authors":"","doi":"10.7221/sjlc01.057.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7221/sjlc01.057.0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197397,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Japanese Literature and Culture","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124859012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kikaigashima is Not So Far Away After All: Japan's Southwestern Borderland","authors":"章介 村井, リーブズ クリストファー","doi":"10.7221/sjlc01.019.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7221/sjlc01.019.0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197397,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Japanese Literature and Culture","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126067677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shindenzukuri 寝殿造 refers to a form of residential architecture popular in Japan from the tenth through the thirteenth centuries. Shindenzukuri spaces served as important venues for the performance of noble culture, which centered heavily on the emperor. In modern Japan, the term shindenzukuri conjures images of pictures in history textbooks, miniatures in museums, and movies, paintings, or manga which take up topics such as the famous Heian period text Genji monogatari 源氏物語 (The Tale of Genji) as their subject matter. An element of Japanese traditional culture which emerged in the Heian period, shindenzukuri estates are considered emblematic of the ostentatious Heian noble life. The shinden 寝殿 (“dwelling hall”) served as the main building, with tai 対 (wings or subsidiary living quarters) flanking it on the left and right, creating an open-style palace bounded on the outside with greenery and man-made streams. The tsuridono 釣殿 (“fishing pavilion”), izumidono 泉殿, a building built over the source of the garden pond or stream, and tsukiyama 築山, a miniature artificial mountain constructed of sand or stone, served as the stage for imperial court ceremony. As important cultural arenas in the classical and medieval periods, how did shindenzukuri spaces treat the subjects of class and gender? In this paper, I will draw upon preceding research to contemplate anew the question of gender through the lens of uchi’ide 打出, a form of female garment display which took place within shindenzukuri spaces.
{"title":"The Borders of Shindenzukuri: \"Inside\" and \"Outside\" as Staged by Uchi'ide","authors":"akazawa Mari","doi":"10.7221/sjlc01.039.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7221/sjlc01.039.0","url":null,"abstract":"Shindenzukuri 寝殿造 refers to a form of residential architecture popular in Japan from the tenth through the thirteenth centuries. Shindenzukuri spaces served as important venues for the performance of noble culture, which centered heavily on the emperor. In modern Japan, the term shindenzukuri conjures images of pictures in history textbooks, miniatures in museums, and movies, paintings, or manga which take up topics such as the famous Heian period text Genji monogatari 源氏物語 (The Tale of Genji) as their subject matter. An element of Japanese traditional culture which emerged in the Heian period, shindenzukuri estates are considered emblematic of the ostentatious Heian noble life. The shinden 寝殿 (“dwelling hall”) served as the main building, with tai 対 (wings or subsidiary living quarters) flanking it on the left and right, creating an open-style palace bounded on the outside with greenery and man-made streams. The tsuridono 釣殿 (“fishing pavilion”), izumidono 泉殿, a building built over the source of the garden pond or stream, and tsukiyama 築山, a miniature artificial mountain constructed of sand or stone, served as the stage for imperial court ceremony. As important cultural arenas in the classical and medieval periods, how did shindenzukuri spaces treat the subjects of class and gender? In this paper, I will draw upon preceding research to contemplate anew the question of gender through the lens of uchi’ide 打出, a form of female garment display which took place within shindenzukuri spaces.","PeriodicalId":197397,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Japanese Literature and Culture","volume":"375 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132941712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chikura Sea: A Marine Border Between Japan and Tang China","authors":"","doi":"10.7221/sjlc01.033.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7221/sjlc01.033.0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197397,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Japanese Literature and Culture","volume":"440 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123447060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chickens have lived alongside humans since ancient times. They have been used for various purposes and have been the focus of much attention, giving rise to a rich body of legends and traditions. In Japan, these birds have been projected prominently in art and literature, including notable appearances in monogatari and waka. In the present article, we will address the legends, rituals and magical thinking surrounding the chicken. We will consider its characteristics in folklore and its role in the traditional Japanese worldview, with the primary goal of investigating and positioning it among the art and literature of Japan. Let us begin by reviewing past research and texts that have looked into the role of chickens in the field of f olklore. From early on, Yanagita Kunio 柳田國男 had been researching the relationship between the image of the chicken and gold in Japanese folklore. In his studies of legends published in the 1920s, he delineated the ways in which these birds have been linked to the treasures of the spirit world and to the genre of chōja densetsu 長者伝説, or “millionaire legends.” Yanagita’s Santō mintanshū 山島民譚集 (1914) contains a study titled Ōgon no niwatori 黄金の雞 in which he addresses this topic.1 His work examines the reasoning behind the appearance of chickens in legends that contain reference to treasures, drawing on material from early modern investigations and topographical data. Following this, Minakata Kumagusu 南方 熊楠 published his Jūnishikō 十二支考 which contains his studies on the sequence of the sexagenary cycle, among which he touches on the topic of chickens.2 A similar investigation has also been conducted by Miyatake Shōzō 宮武省三 in
鸡自古以来就和人类生活在一起。它们被用于各种目的，一直是人们关注的焦点，产生了丰富的传说和传统。在日本，这些鸟在艺术和文学中占有突出地位，包括在一夫一妻制和和歌中引人注目的出现。在这篇文章中，我们将讨论关于鸡的传说、仪式和神奇的思想。我们将考虑它在民间传说中的特点及其在日本传统世界观中的作用，主要目标是在日本艺术和文学中进行调查和定位。让我们先回顾一下过去关于鸡在民间传说中的作用的研究和文献。从很早开始，柳田国夫就一直在研究日本民间传说中鸡的形象与黄金之间的关系。在他对20世纪20年代出版的传说的研究中，他描绘了这些鸟与精神世界的宝藏和chōja densetsu或“百万富翁传说”类型的联系。柳田的《山井民宿》(1914)中有一篇名为《Ōgon no niwatori》的研究，他在其中谈到了这个话题他的作品根据早期现代调查和地形数据，研究了传说中鸡出现的原因，这些传说中包含了与宝藏有关的资料。在此之后，熊谷素南方发表了他的著作Jūnishikō，其中包含了他对六轴循环序列的研究，其中他谈到了鸡的话题宫竹也进行了类似的调查Shōzō
{"title":"The Bird of Boundaries: Beliefs and Folk Customs Surrounding the Chicken","authors":"Jun’ichi","doi":"10.7221/sjlc01.079.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7221/sjlc01.079.0","url":null,"abstract":"Chickens have lived alongside humans since ancient times. They have been used for various purposes and have been the focus of much attention, giving rise to a rich body of legends and traditions. In Japan, these birds have been projected prominently in art and literature, including notable appearances in monogatari and waka. In the present article, we will address the legends, rituals and magical thinking surrounding the chicken. We will consider its characteristics in folklore and its role in the traditional Japanese worldview, with the primary goal of investigating and positioning it among the art and literature of Japan. Let us begin by reviewing past research and texts that have looked into the role of chickens in the field of f olklore. From early on, Yanagita Kunio 柳田國男 had been researching the relationship between the image of the chicken and gold in Japanese folklore. In his studies of legends published in the 1920s, he delineated the ways in which these birds have been linked to the treasures of the spirit world and to the genre of chōja densetsu 長者伝説, or “millionaire legends.” Yanagita’s Santō mintanshū 山島民譚集 (1914) contains a study titled Ōgon no niwatori 黄金の雞 in which he addresses this topic.1 His work examines the reasoning behind the appearance of chickens in legends that contain reference to treasures, drawing on material from early modern investigations and topographical data. Following this, Minakata Kumagusu 南方 熊楠 published his Jūnishikō 十二支考 which contains his studies on the sequence of the sexagenary cycle, among which he touches on the topic of chickens.2 A similar investigation has also been conducted by Miyatake Shōzō 宮武省三 in","PeriodicalId":197397,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Japanese Literature and Culture","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116983263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Borders in the Nō Play Birds of Sorrow","authors":"","doi":"10.7221/sjlc01.015.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7221/sjlc01.015.0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197397,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Japanese Literature and Culture","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123145757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Yoshitsune Crossing the Ocean: The Tale of Onzōshi shimawatari","authors":"","doi":"10.7221/sjlc01.121.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7221/sjlc01.121.0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197397,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Japanese Literature and Culture","volume":"395 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115991856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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