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Ultrasound evaluation of pediatric lymphadenopathies: diagnostic patterns and pitfalls. 小儿淋巴结病的超声评估:诊断模式和陷阱。
IF 2.3 3区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-025-06490-1
Georgios A Sideris, Madeline Stever, Mansha Khubchandani, Ziyu Xian, Michael J Callahan, Joseph Makris

Palpable lymph nodes are among the most common indications for ultrasound evaluation in the pediatric population. Ultrasound provides valuable insight into nodal composition by assessing greyscale morphology, color Doppler vascularity, and vascular resistance, with emerging techniques such as elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound offering additional diagnostic potential. Although certain sonographic features may suggest a benign or malignant etiology, imaging overlap often exists posing diagnostic challenges. This review provides an overview of the sonographic appearance of the most common pediatric lymphadenopathies, including reactive hyperplasia, bacterial and viral lymphadenitis, necrotizing and granulomatous lymphadenitis, malignant and atypical entities. Characteristic and non-specific imaging features are discussed, along with practical approaches to interpretation and current strategies for diagnosis and management.

可触及的淋巴结是其中最常见的指征超声评估儿科人口。超声通过评估灰度形态、彩色多普勒血管分布和血管阻力,为淋巴结组成提供了有价值的见解,而弹性成像和对比增强超声等新兴技术提供了额外的诊断潜力。虽然某些超声特征可能提示良性或恶性病因,但影像学重叠经常存在,给诊断带来挑战。本文综述了最常见的小儿淋巴结病的超声表现,包括反应性增生、细菌性和病毒性淋巴结炎、坏死性和肉芽肿性淋巴结炎、恶性和非典型淋巴结。特征性和非特异性的影像特征将被讨论,以及实际的解释方法和当前的诊断和管理策略。
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引用次数: 0
Diagnostic performance of ultrasound guided salivary gland core needle biopsy and fine needle aspiration in children. 超声引导下儿童唾液腺芯针活检和细针抽吸的诊断价值。
IF 2.3 3区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-025-06424-x
Vicente Oliveira, Anthea Lafrenière, Nikolaus Wolter, Joao Amaral, Alessandro Gasparetto, Dimitri Parra Rojas

Background: Ultrasound-guided biopsies of the salivary glands in pediatric patients are uncommon and can target focal lesions or general parenchyma. Based on open surgical biopsy, 65% of focal lesions have been described as benign. Ultrasound-guided biopsy offers a less invasive initial diagnostic approach.

Objective: The aims of this study were to assess the diagnostic accuracy and describe indications for ultrasound-guided salivary gland core needle biopsy (CNB) and fine needle aspiration (FNA) in a pediatric cohort.

Materials and methods: Retrospective single-center study including children who underwent salivary gland biopsy at a tertiary care center from January 2018 to January 2025. Demographics, clinical information, imaging, lesion location, procedure details, adverse events, pathology, and clinical outcomes were reviewed. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed.

Results: The study included 31 children aged 5 months to 17-years-old. The parotid was targeted in 21/31 (68%) and the submandibular in 10/31 (32%). CNB was done in 19/31 patients, 11/31 had a CNB and FNA, and 1/31 FNA only. CNB was diagnostic in 29/30 and FNA in 8/12. When both techniques were used, pathological findings were the same in 7/11. The most common diagnosis was pleomorphic adenoma (n=6). All CNB in cases of malignancy (n=10) were diagnostic. The non-diagnostic case identified was a dermoid cyst in surgery. Nine patients had surgical resections, and the results were consistent with the ultrasound-guided biopsy. No adverse events were identified.

Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided CNB showed a high diagnostic performance, superior to FNA, in this salivary gland biopsies pediatric cohort.

背景:超声引导下的小儿唾液腺活检并不常见,可以针对局灶性病变或一般实质。基于开放性手术活检,65%的局灶性病变被描述为良性。超声引导活检提供了一种侵入性较小的初始诊断方法。目的:本研究的目的是评估超声引导下唾液腺核心针活检(CNB)和细针穿刺(FNA)在儿科队列中的诊断准确性和适应症。材料和方法:回顾性单中心研究,纳入2018年1月至2025年1月在三级保健中心接受唾液腺活检的儿童。我们回顾了人口统计学、临床信息、影像学、病变位置、手术细节、不良事件、病理和临床结果。进行描述性统计分析。结果:该研究包括31名5个月至17岁的儿童。腮腺是21/31(68%),下颌骨是10/31(32%)。19/31例患者行CNB, 11/31例同时行CNB和FNA, 1/31例仅行FNA。29/30诊断为CNB, 8/12诊断为FNA。当这两种技术被使用时,7/11的病理结果是相同的。最常见的诊断是多形性腺瘤(n=6)。所有恶性CNB病例(n=10)均为诊断性。确诊的非诊断性病例是手术中的皮样囊肿。9例患者行手术切除,结果与超声引导下的活检一致。未发现不良事件。结论:超声引导下的CNB在小儿唾液腺活检中具有较高的诊断效能,优于FNA。
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引用次数: 0
The apparent diffusion coefficient as a potential radiological biomarker of malignant transformation in retinoblastoma: a case report. 视扩散系数作为视网膜母细胞瘤恶性转化的潜在放射学生物标志物:1例报告。
IF 2.3 3区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-025-06451-8
Sonia De Francesco, Paolo Galluzzi, Tommaso Padula, Giovanni Rubegni, Pierluigi De Marzo, Mario Fruschelli, Doris Hadjistilianou

We report a unique case of malignant transformation in a retinocytoma monitored using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This case is notable for a distinct drop in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values that correlated with clinical transformation to retinoblastoma. This is the first report to highlight a change in ADC as a radiological marker of malignant conversion in retinocytoma. This finding suggests the potential role of ADC in prognostic assessment and risk stratification for patients with retinocytoma.

我们报告一个独特的情况下恶性转化的视网膜细胞瘤监测使用磁共振成像(MRI)。该病例的明显弥散系数(ADC)值的下降与临床向视网膜母细胞瘤的转变有关。这是第一个强调ADC变化作为视网膜细胞瘤恶性转化的放射学标志的报告。这一发现提示ADC在视网膜细胞瘤患者的预后评估和风险分层中的潜在作用。
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引用次数: 0
Weekly virtual case review series: supplementing pediatric radiology education for a global community of trainees. 每周虚拟病例回顾系列:为全球受训人员社区补充儿科放射学教育。
IF 2.3 3区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-025-06464-3
Raisa Amiruddin, Bethelhem Belachew, Mohammad Jalloul, Hermon Miliard Derbew, Monica Miranda-Schaeubinger, Sydney Wieczkowski, Yadel Mekete, Janet R Reid, Youck Jen Siu Navarro, Abass Noor, Kassa Darge, Hansel J Otero
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引用次数: 0
Hepatobiliary and pancreatic findings on magnetic resonance enterography examinations in children with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease. 新诊断的炎症性肠病患儿的肝、胆、胰磁共振肠造影检查。
IF 2.3 3区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-025-06463-4
Leah G Scheller, Jonathan R Dillman, Katherine N Epstein, Murat Kocaoglu, Nicole Zeky, Jasbir Dhaliwal, Elanchezhian Somasundaram, Bin Zhang, Andrew T Trout

Background: Some children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have hepatobiliary and/or pancreatic manifestations of the disease. The frequency of related imaging abnormalities at IBD diagnosis is unknown.

Objective: To identify and quantify hepatobiliary and pancreatic findings on baseline magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) examinations in children with newly diagnosed IBD.

Materials and methods: Children <18 years of age diagnosed with IBD between August 2022 and April 2024 who underwent MRE within 90 days of diagnosis were included. Three radiologists retrospectively reviewed the MREs, reported the presence of intrahepatic biliary dilation, and measured maximum extrahepatic bile and pancreatic duct diameters and pancreas:spleen T1 signal intensity ratios (SIR). Pancreatic volume was calculated from axial T2 images using an open-source segmentation tool (PaNSegNet).

Results: A total of 111 children were included: 77% (n=86) with Crohn disease; 22% (n=24) with ulcerative colitis; 1% (n=1) with IBD-unspecified. The mean age at diagnosis was 13.7 years (range, 5.3-17.9 years); 61% (n=43) were male. Subjective intrahepatic biliary dilation by reviewer consensus was present in 11% (n=12). Extrahepatic biliary dilation was present in 6% (n=7). Pancreatic duct dilation was present in 2% (n=2). Low pancreas:spleen T1 SIR (<1.4 at 1.5 T, <1.3 at 3 T) was present in 14% (n=16). Pancreatic volume was <5th percentile in 6% (n=5) and >95th percentile in 13% (n=14).

Conclusions: Imaging findings potentially associated with autoimmune-related hepatobiliary or pancreatic disease are present in 2-14% on baseline MR enterography examinations in children with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease. While infrequent, radiologists should be attentive to these findings of multisystem disease.

背景:一些患有炎症性肠病(IBD)的儿童有肝胆和/或胰腺表现。IBD诊断中相关影像学异常的频率尚不清楚。目的:鉴别和量化新诊断IBD儿童的基线磁共振肠造影(MRE)检查的肝胆胰表现。材料和方法:儿童结果:共纳入111例儿童:77% (n=86)为克罗恩病;22% (n=24)为溃疡性结肠炎;1% (n=1)伴有ibd未明确。平均诊断年龄13.7岁(范围5.3-17.9岁);61% (n=43)为男性。审稿人一致认为主观肝内胆道扩张的发生率为11% (n=12)。6%的患者出现肝外胆道扩张(n=7)。2%的患者胰管扩张(n=2)。胰腺:脾脏T1 SIR低(13%,n=14)。结论:在新诊断为炎症性肠病的儿童中,2-14%的基线MR肠造影检查显示可能与自身免疫相关的肝胆或胰腺疾病相关。虽然不常见,但放射科医生应注意这些多系统疾病的发现。
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引用次数: 0
European society of paediatric radiology abdominal task force procedural recommendations for intussusception reduction: what's the evidence? 欧洲儿科放射学会腹部特别工作组关于肠套叠复位的程序建议:证据是什么?
IF 2.3 3区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-025-06478-x
Giulia Perucca, Carmelo Sofia, Maria Beatrice Damasio, Stéphanie Franchi-Abella, Aikaterini Kavanaki, Damjana Ključevšek, Riwa Meshaka, Marcello Napolitano, Lil-Sofie Ording Müller, H Nursun Ozcan, Samuel Stafrace, Seema Toso, Philippe Petit

Anyone who has visited a radiology department in another continent, country, or even city has likely noticed subtle differences in how things are done compared to their own department. Many procedures become so ingrained in daily practice that we rarely stop to question whether they are truly supported by evidence. One such procedure is intussusception reduction. In this paper, we review the literature, examine the best reduction technique and the risks associated with general anaesthesia and sedation, and offer the Abdominal Task Force's opinion on this common but very variable procedure, based on the current available literature.

任何访问过其他大陆、国家甚至城市放射科的人都可能注意到,与他们自己的部门相比,放射科的工作方式存在细微差异。许多程序在日常实践中变得如此根深蒂固,以至于我们很少停下来质疑它们是否真正有证据支持。其中一个手术是肠套叠复位。在本文中,我们回顾了文献,检查了最佳复位技术和与全身麻醉和镇静相关的风险,并根据目前可用的文献,提供了腹部工作组对这种常见但非常多变的手术的意见。
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引用次数: 0
Charting normative reference values and Z-scores for MRI-derived in vivo placental growth. 绘制了体内胎盘生长的mri标准参考值和z分数。
IF 2.3 3区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-025-06469-y
Marin Jacobwitz, Julius Ngwa, Kushal Kapse, Catherine Limperopoulos, Nickie Andescavage

Background: In vivo placental volume derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a novel imaging tool to evaluate the placenta during pregnancy, as the placenta is difficult to access throughout gestation. There is a paucity of established standardized normative raw values and Z-scores for in vivo placental volume based on MRI.

Objective: To establish normative references for in vivo placental MRI-based volumes derived from a large cohort of healthy pregnant women carrying healthy fetuses throughout gestation.

Materials and methods: Healthy pregnant women with healthy singleton pregnancies greater than 16 weeks gestation were enrolled in a longitudinal, prospective observational study. In total, 313 placental MRIs were analyzed from 209 pregnant women. In-vivo placentas were manually segmented to derive volumes and Z-scores. Means, standard deviations, and percentiles for normative reference raw values were calculated using weekly gestational age (GA) bins. Placental volume Z-scores were calculated based on 2-week GA bins using means and standard deviations.

Results: Normative reference placental volumes from 209 subjects (313 scans) with median GA 31.43 [8.86] weeks are presented in weekly and bi-weekly GA bins. Using 2-week GA intervals, 95% of placental volume Z-scores were within ±2 standard deviations of the population mean.

Conclusion: This data provides established normative in vivo raw and Z-score values derived from placental MRI. The value of accessing the placenta in vivo through MRI has become increasingly recognized, as the importance of the placenta in fetal and postnatal health is now more widely known. Establishing normative reference values for the in vivo placenta throughout gestation benefits both the clinical and scientific communities.

背景:由于胎盘在整个妊娠期难以接近,磁共振成像(MRI)获得的体内胎盘体积是一种评估妊娠期间胎盘的新型成像工具。目前还缺乏基于MRI的体内胎盘体积的标准化标准原始值和z评分。目的:为大量健康孕妇在整个妊娠期间携带健康胎儿的体内胎盘mri容积建立规范参考。材料和方法:健康的单胎妊娠大于16周的健康孕妇被纳入一项纵向、前瞻性观察研究。总共分析了209名孕妇的313张胎盘核磁共振成像。人工分割体内胎盘以获得体积和z分数。使用周胎龄(GA)箱计算标准参考原始值的平均值、标准差和百分位数。胎盘体积z评分基于2周的GA箱,采用均值和标准差计算。结果:209名受试者(313次扫描)的标准参考胎盘体积,中位GA为31.43[8.86]周,分为每周一次和两周一次的GA箱。使用2周的GA间隔,95%的胎盘体积z评分在总体平均值的±2个标准差范围内。结论:该数据提供了由胎盘MRI得出的标准体内原始值和z评分值。随着胎盘在胎儿和产后健康中的重要性现在被更广泛地了解,通过MRI进入体内胎盘的价值已经越来越得到认可。建立整个妊娠期体内胎盘的规范参考值对临床和科学界都有好处。
{"title":"Charting normative reference values and Z-scores for MRI-derived in vivo placental growth.","authors":"Marin Jacobwitz, Julius Ngwa, Kushal Kapse, Catherine Limperopoulos, Nickie Andescavage","doi":"10.1007/s00247-025-06469-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00247-025-06469-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In vivo placental volume derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a novel imaging tool to evaluate the placenta during pregnancy, as the placenta is difficult to access throughout gestation. There is a paucity of established standardized normative raw values and Z-scores for in vivo placental volume based on MRI.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish normative references for in vivo placental MRI-based volumes derived from a large cohort of healthy pregnant women carrying healthy fetuses throughout gestation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Healthy pregnant women with healthy singleton pregnancies greater than 16 weeks gestation were enrolled in a longitudinal, prospective observational study. In total, 313 placental MRIs were analyzed from 209 pregnant women. In-vivo placentas were manually segmented to derive volumes and Z-scores. Means, standard deviations, and percentiles for normative reference raw values were calculated using weekly gestational age (GA) bins. Placental volume Z-scores were calculated based on 2-week GA bins using means and standard deviations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Normative reference placental volumes from 209 subjects (313 scans) with median GA 31.43 [8.86] weeks are presented in weekly and bi-weekly GA bins. Using 2-week GA intervals, 95% of placental volume Z-scores were within ±2 standard deviations of the population mean.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This data provides established normative in vivo raw and Z-score values derived from placental MRI. The value of accessing the placenta in vivo through MRI has become increasingly recognized, as the importance of the placenta in fetal and postnatal health is now more widely known. Establishing normative reference values for the in vivo placenta throughout gestation benefits both the clinical and scientific communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"384-392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12881100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145523783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Medication-induced lung disease in children. 儿童药物致肺病
IF 2.3 3区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-025-06420-1
Andrew H Schapiro, Kristen L Ruff, R Paul Guillerman

Medication-induced lung disease is rare in children but can be associated with considerable morbidity and mortality and can alter treatment regimens for children with a variety of conditions. Medication-induced lung disease tends to occur in association with certain categories of medication and tends to manifest as one of several patterns of lung disease on CT. We review classes of medications associated with medication-induced lung disease, clinical diagnosis and management of the condition including the role of the radiologist, and CT patterns of disease to enable the radiologist to more fully contribute to multidisciplinary diagnosis and potentially be the first to recognize and suggest the possibility of this condition.

药物引起的肺部疾病在儿童中很少见,但可能与相当高的发病率和死亡率相关,并可能改变患有各种疾病的儿童的治疗方案。药物引起的肺部疾病往往与某些类别的药物有关,并且往往表现为CT上肺部疾病的几种模式之一。我们回顾了与药物引起的肺部疾病相关的药物类别,包括放射科医生的作用和疾病的临床诊断和管理,以及疾病的CT模式,使放射科医生能够更充分地参与多学科诊断,并有可能成为第一个认识并提出这种疾病可能性的人。
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引用次数: 0
Gestational age determination in neonates - transcerebellar ultrasound measurements help: a retrospective study of 671 neonates. 新生儿胎龄测定-经小脑超声测量帮助:对671名新生儿的回顾性研究。
IF 2.3 3区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-025-06426-9
Preeti S Prasad, Harris L Cohen, Minhee Jo, Mimily Harsono, Liu-Smith Feng, Chenhao Zhao, Massroor Pourcyrous

Background: Many children are born without prenatal determination of gestational age (GA). Postnatal determinations are limited. Fetal GA determination using transcerebellar diameter measurements is reliable for fetuses. We wanted to see if transcerebellar diameters obtained on neonatal head ultrasound exams could help GA determination in newborns and whether such measurements conformed to similar GA determinations in fetuses.

Objective: Our goal was to determine if neonatal GA can be estimated by measuring transcerebellar diameter via a transmastoid approach using fetal charts as the gold standard. If true, one could develop a neonatal chart for GA determination by transcerebellar diameter.

Materials and methods: Transmastoid views are a routine part of our neonatal intensive care unit neurosonograms. A retrospective analysis of transcerebellar diameters of neonates (1 day to 21 days old) born between 22 weeks and 40 weeks corrected GA was performed. Cases with congenital anomalies, intraventricular hemorrhage, or other neurosonographic abnormalities were excluded. Neonatal GA was determined by early antenatal crown rump lengths. We calculated transcerebellar mean and standard deviation for each prenatally determined GA week. GA was determined from fetal charts, both for subsets of neonates evaluated at less than or equal to (≤) 10 days of life and for those examined at ≤21 days of life. Statistical analysis using linear regression demonstrated no differences in GA determined by neonatal transcerebellar diameter compared to fetal charts (our gold standard).

Results: We evaluated 1,260 neurosonograms. Of these, 589 cases were excluded. A total of 671 exams were of neonates ≤21 days old; 530 of those were examined at ≤10 days of life. There were no significant differences between GA determined by fetal charts and our neonatal transcerebellar diameters, whether from the ≤21-day (P=0.15) or the younger ≤10-day group (P=0.87).

Conclusion: Neonatal GA estimation by transmastoid fontanelle measurements of cerebellar width appears as reliable as the accepted antenatal transcerebellar measurements of fetuses. Our proposed neonatal chart will hopefully aid reliable estimation of GA in neonates, improving patient care among neonates with unknown maternal last menstrual period.

背景:许多儿童出生时没有产前测定胎龄(GA)。产后决定是有限的。胎儿GA测定采用经小脑直径测量胎儿是可靠的。我们想看看新生儿头部超声检查获得的经小脑直径是否有助于新生儿GA的测定,以及这些测量结果是否与胎儿GA的测定结果一致。目的:我们的目的是确定新生儿GA是否可以通过使用胎儿图作为金标准,经乳突入路测量经小脑直径来估计。如果这是真的,我们可以通过小脑直径来制定新生儿GA图表。材料和方法:经乳突视图是我们新生儿重症监护室神经超声检查的常规部分。回顾性分析22周至40周出生的新生儿(1天至21天)的经小脑直径。排除先天性异常、脑室内出血或其他神经声像图异常的病例。新生儿GA通过产前早期冠臀长度测定。我们计算了每个产前确定的GA周的经小脑平均值和标准差。GA是根据胎儿图确定的,包括出生小于或等于(≤)10天的新生儿亚群和出生≤21天的新生儿亚群。采用线性回归的统计分析表明,与胎儿图(我们的金标准)相比,新生儿经小脑直径测定的GA没有差异。结果:我们评估了1260张神经声像图。其中589例被排除在外。671例为≤21 d的新生儿;其中530人在生命≤10天时接受了检查。无论是≤21天组(P=0.15)还是≤10天组(P=0.87),胎儿图测定的GA与新生儿经小脑直径之间均无显著差异。结论:经乳突囟门测量小脑宽度的新生儿GA估计与公认的产前经胎儿小脑宽度测量一样可靠。我们提出的新生儿图表有望帮助新生儿GA的可靠估计,改善产妇最后月经期未知的新生儿的患者护理。
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引用次数: 0
Irreducible (nursemaid's) pulled elbow: a literature review of sonographic diagnostic criteria. 不可还原的(护士)牵拉肘:超声诊断标准的文献综述。
IF 2.3 3区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-025-06472-3
Philip Colucci, Olivia Tracey, Diego Jaramillo, David Scher

Pulled elbow, colloquially named nursemaid's elbow, is an injury that results from annular ligament displacement and interposition between the radial head and capitellum. There is a paucity of literature describing the sonographic findings of pulled elbow. Given that this condition is primarily diagnosed clinically, radiographs are typically only obtained when there is concern for fracture. Sonographic evaluation is most useful in cases when attempted reduction is unsuccessful and radiographs are negative for fracture. This review describes the essential pathoanatomy needed for accurate sonographic diagnosis, which has previously been described with cadaveric research and a small number of case reports.

牵拉型肘关节,俗称护士肘,是由于桡骨头与肱骨小头之间的环状韧带移位而引起的损伤。目前文献很少描述牵拉肘的超声表现。考虑到这种情况主要是临床诊断,通常只有在担心骨折时才需要x线片。当复位不成功且x线片显示骨折阴性时,超声评估是最有用的。这篇综述描述了准确超声诊断所需的基本病理解剖,这在以前的尸体研究和少数病例报告中得到了描述。
{"title":"Irreducible (nursemaid's) pulled elbow: a literature review of sonographic diagnostic criteria.","authors":"Philip Colucci, Olivia Tracey, Diego Jaramillo, David Scher","doi":"10.1007/s00247-025-06472-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00247-025-06472-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulled elbow, colloquially named nursemaid's elbow, is an injury that results from annular ligament displacement and interposition between the radial head and capitellum. There is a paucity of literature describing the sonographic findings of pulled elbow. Given that this condition is primarily diagnosed clinically, radiographs are typically only obtained when there is concern for fracture. Sonographic evaluation is most useful in cases when attempted reduction is unsuccessful and radiographs are negative for fracture. This review describes the essential pathoanatomy needed for accurate sonographic diagnosis, which has previously been described with cadaveric research and a small number of case reports.</p>","PeriodicalId":19755,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"284-296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145637108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Pediatric Radiology
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