Pub Date : 2020-08-18DOI: 10.24966/cbcm-1943/100019
N. Rath
Metformin is the most extensively used type II diabetes drug which has shown probable usages in other disease domain in the capacity of an anticancer, anti-ageing, weight management, cardioprotective, neuroprotective etc. It has also been observed that metformin use is associated with reduced risk of hospital acquired infections. It has shown to be potent against multiple numbers of pathogens, which expand metformin scope from anti-diabetic to an anti-infective agent. Nibedita Rath* Open Source Pharma Foundation, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bangalore, 560012, India Role of Metformin in Infection Citation: Rath N (2020) Role of Metformin in Infection. J Cell Biol Cell Metab 7: 019.
{"title":"Role Of Metformin In Infection","authors":"N. Rath","doi":"10.24966/cbcm-1943/100019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/cbcm-1943/100019","url":null,"abstract":"Metformin is the most extensively used type II diabetes drug which has shown probable usages in other disease domain in the capacity of an anticancer, anti-ageing, weight management, cardioprotective, neuroprotective etc. It has also been observed that metformin use is associated with reduced risk of hospital acquired infections. It has shown to be potent against multiple numbers of pathogens, which expand metformin scope from anti-diabetic to an anti-infective agent. Nibedita Rath* Open Source Pharma Foundation, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bangalore, 560012, India Role of Metformin in Infection Citation: Rath N (2020) Role of Metformin in Infection. J Cell Biol Cell Metab 7: 019.","PeriodicalId":197884,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biology and Cell Metabolism","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114285738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-18DOI: 10.24966/cbcm-1943/100021
José Luis Corona Lisboa
{"title":"COVID-19: A New Coronavirus","authors":"José Luis Corona Lisboa","doi":"10.24966/cbcm-1943/100021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/cbcm-1943/100021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":197884,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biology and Cell Metabolism","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132126121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-18DOI: 10.24966/cbcm-1943/100018
A. Chakraborty
which increases the blood glucose level when it is lower than normal; and the second is insulin which decreases the glucose level from blood by transport-ing them to the cells for energy production (ATP) (Figure 1). There-fore, when the insulin supply from the Pancreas becomes low or none, blood glucose level increases and diabetes develops. The first type of diabetes (Type-1) develops when auto-immune death of pancreas cells occurs, while in the other type (Type-2) insulin resistance develops. The causes of diabetes may include genetic defects, virus, and more commonly inappropriate food habits and sedentary life style [3-7]. Type-1 diabetes develops when there is an auto-immune death of pancreas cells, whereas, Type-2 diabetes occurs when the body develops a resistance to insulin. Abstract Diabetes is the disease that occurs when hyperglycemia develops. Hyperglycemia is when blood sugar becomes far higher than normal (70 and 99 mg/dL). Generally, when fasting blood glucose level becomes equal to or greater than 126 mg/dL it is considered diabetic. The symptoms for this disease are increased thirst, fatigue, irritability, frequent urination, and the presence of ketones in urine to just name a few. There are two types of diabetes and both have different causes. Type-1 diabetes is caused when body’s immune system attacks and destroys insulin making beta cells of pancreas, and therefore, reducing the availability of insulin. Type-2 diabetes is caused by genetic abnormality or may be some unknown reason that creates insulin resistance. Some examples of food that can help maintain proper blood glucose levels are discussed here along with the importance of physical exercise to control diabetes. If diets and lifestyle changes are taken seriously, diabetes can be managed or even avoided.
{"title":"Nutrition And Physical Exercise For The Prevention And Management Of Diabetes","authors":"A. Chakraborty","doi":"10.24966/cbcm-1943/100018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/cbcm-1943/100018","url":null,"abstract":"which increases the blood glucose level when it is lower than normal; and the second is insulin which decreases the glucose level from blood by transport-ing them to the cells for energy production (ATP) (Figure 1). There-fore, when the insulin supply from the Pancreas becomes low or none, blood glucose level increases and diabetes develops. The first type of diabetes (Type-1) develops when auto-immune death of pancreas cells occurs, while in the other type (Type-2) insulin resistance develops. The causes of diabetes may include genetic defects, virus, and more commonly inappropriate food habits and sedentary life style [3-7]. Type-1 diabetes develops when there is an auto-immune death of pancreas cells, whereas, Type-2 diabetes occurs when the body develops a resistance to insulin. Abstract Diabetes is the disease that occurs when hyperglycemia develops. Hyperglycemia is when blood sugar becomes far higher than normal (70 and 99 mg/dL). Generally, when fasting blood glucose level becomes equal to or greater than 126 mg/dL it is considered diabetic. The symptoms for this disease are increased thirst, fatigue, irritability, frequent urination, and the presence of ketones in urine to just name a few. There are two types of diabetes and both have different causes. Type-1 diabetes is caused when body’s immune system attacks and destroys insulin making beta cells of pancreas, and therefore, reducing the availability of insulin. Type-2 diabetes is caused by genetic abnormality or may be some unknown reason that creates insulin resistance. Some examples of food that can help maintain proper blood glucose levels are discussed here along with the importance of physical exercise to control diabetes. If diets and lifestyle changes are taken seriously, diabetes can be managed or even avoided.","PeriodicalId":197884,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biology and Cell Metabolism","volume":"318 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116814660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-18DOI: 10.24966/cbcm-1943/100022
Sagar Regmi
Leptin of 167 is a Abstract Obesity is a nutritional disorder resulting due to positive energy balance in which excessive amount of adipose tissue is accumulat-ed in the body of an organism. Determination of degree of obesity depends mainly on Body Condition Score (BCS) estimated by palpation of ribs, tail base etc. Dog with BCS “5 or 9” is considered to be obese depending on the system chosen i.e. 5 or 9 point system. Various metabolic disorder, neutering, age and sex, unhealthy diet etc. can be major causes of obesity. Osteoarthritis is one of the major issues related to obesity followed by cardiopulmonary disorder, urolithiasis, reproductive disorder etc. There is no specific treatment for obesity but dietary management plays pivotal role in weight reduction. Dietary management mainly includes L-carnitine and conjugated linoleic acid. L-carnitine enhances fatty acid oxidation whereas conjugated linoleic acid acts by inhibiting Stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity, which prevents the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. Some Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer (MTP) protein inhibitors are also manufactured recently which prevents formation of chylomicrons and prevents its absorption from intestine.
{"title":"Obesity In Canines: Issues, Causes, Treatments And Managements","authors":"Sagar Regmi","doi":"10.24966/cbcm-1943/100022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/cbcm-1943/100022","url":null,"abstract":"Leptin of 167 is a Abstract Obesity is a nutritional disorder resulting due to positive energy balance in which excessive amount of adipose tissue is accumulat-ed in the body of an organism. Determination of degree of obesity depends mainly on Body Condition Score (BCS) estimated by palpation of ribs, tail base etc. Dog with BCS “5 or 9” is considered to be obese depending on the system chosen i.e. 5 or 9 point system. Various metabolic disorder, neutering, age and sex, unhealthy diet etc. can be major causes of obesity. Osteoarthritis is one of the major issues related to obesity followed by cardiopulmonary disorder, urolithiasis, reproductive disorder etc. There is no specific treatment for obesity but dietary management plays pivotal role in weight reduction. Dietary management mainly includes L-carnitine and conjugated linoleic acid. L-carnitine enhances fatty acid oxidation whereas conjugated linoleic acid acts by inhibiting Stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity, which prevents the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. Some Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer (MTP) protein inhibitors are also manufactured recently which prevents formation of chylomicrons and prevents its absorption from intestine.","PeriodicalId":197884,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biology and Cell Metabolism","volume":"24 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116942422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-29DOI: 10.24966/cbcm-1943/100016
Rachita Radhakrishna Pai
Cell death by oncolytic viruses occurs through direct or indirect mechanisms such as amplification of anti-cancer immune response, tumor blood vessels destruction or through transgene-encoded proteins manifested from modified viruses. Despite the different mode of action, the ultimate function of the oncolytic viruses is to disrupt the cancer cells’ transcriptional or
{"title":"Discuss The Use Of Oncolytic Viruses As Cancer Therapeutics","authors":"Rachita Radhakrishna Pai","doi":"10.24966/cbcm-1943/100016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/cbcm-1943/100016","url":null,"abstract":"Cell death by oncolytic viruses occurs through direct or indirect mechanisms such as amplification of anti-cancer immune response, tumor blood vessels destruction or through transgene-encoded proteins manifested from modified viruses. Despite the different mode of action, the ultimate function of the oncolytic viruses is to disrupt the cancer cells’ transcriptional or","PeriodicalId":197884,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biology and Cell Metabolism","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127900158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-29DOI: 10.24966/cbcm-1943/100017
S. Shostak
The last half century of research on hydra’s morphology and morphogenesis has opened up a cornucopia of possibilities for future investigations. A preeminent question is, do the dynamics of hydra’s development and maintenance apply to other metazoan’s growth, physiology and pathology? Under favorable laboratory conditions, hydras achieve an optimal configuration and maintain a steady-state. In this state, continuous cell division in the body column is matched by the rhythmic removal of excess parental cells as buds in the budding region. Since, hydra’s buds form with the same number of tentacles present on animals in their optimal configuration, hydra’s form and its stability would seem built into buds. Depending on feeding schedule and temperature, parental cells are produced at different rates and move toward the budding region accordingly. These parental cells seem to accumulate in modules that upon filling up (with approximately 15,000 parental cells) sprout as incipient buds. Modules would form where gastric region cells moving down the body column collide with peduncle cells moving up. The circular muscle fibers of gastrodermal cells would seem to be reconfigured at this junction, and their contraction around modules project incipient bud sprouts outward, breaking with parental polarity and lineal parental constraints. The sprout adds new substratum (mesoglea); epithelial cells form the bud’s head, body column, and foot; individual interstitial cells become the stem-cells of nerve, gland, cnidoblast and sex cells. The concept that symbiogenic lies at the starting point of Cnidaria as well as the evolution of other metazoans suggests that what is true for hydra is true elsewhere. In addition to looking for remnants of cnidarian genomes in bilaterians, researchers might look at the morphogenesis and maintenance of epithelial appendages and carStanley Shostak* Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, USA Modular Morphogenesis: Determinate Rhythmic Budding in Hydra cinoma’s metastatic units for evidence reminiscent of hydra’s habit of discarding excess parental cells with pulsatory regularity. Researchers might also look at the accumulation and rejection of individual cells in vascular and connective tissue, lymphomas and sarcomas, reminiscent of hydra’s rejection of interstitial cells in buds. Citation: Shostak S (2019) Modular Morphogenesis: Determinate Rhythmic Budding in Hydra. J Cell Biol Cell Metab 6: 017.
{"title":"Modular Morphogenesis: Determinate Rhythmic Budding In Hydra","authors":"S. Shostak","doi":"10.24966/cbcm-1943/100017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/cbcm-1943/100017","url":null,"abstract":"The last half century of research on hydra’s morphology and morphogenesis has opened up a cornucopia of possibilities for future investigations. A preeminent question is, do the dynamics of hydra’s development and maintenance apply to other metazoan’s growth, physiology and pathology? Under favorable laboratory conditions, hydras achieve an optimal configuration and maintain a steady-state. In this state, continuous cell division in the body column is matched by the rhythmic removal of excess parental cells as buds in the budding region. Since, hydra’s buds form with the same number of tentacles present on animals in their optimal configuration, hydra’s form and its stability would seem built into buds. Depending on feeding schedule and temperature, parental cells are produced at different rates and move toward the budding region accordingly. These parental cells seem to accumulate in modules that upon filling up (with approximately 15,000 parental cells) sprout as incipient buds. Modules would form where gastric region cells moving down the body column collide with peduncle cells moving up. The circular muscle fibers of gastrodermal cells would seem to be reconfigured at this junction, and their contraction around modules project incipient bud sprouts outward, breaking with parental polarity and lineal parental constraints. The sprout adds new substratum (mesoglea); epithelial cells form the bud’s head, body column, and foot; individual interstitial cells become the stem-cells of nerve, gland, cnidoblast and sex cells. The concept that symbiogenic lies at the starting point of Cnidaria as well as the evolution of other metazoans suggests that what is true for hydra is true elsewhere. In addition to looking for remnants of cnidarian genomes in bilaterians, researchers might look at the morphogenesis and maintenance of epithelial appendages and carStanley Shostak* Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, USA Modular Morphogenesis: Determinate Rhythmic Budding in Hydra cinoma’s metastatic units for evidence reminiscent of hydra’s habit of discarding excess parental cells with pulsatory regularity. Researchers might also look at the accumulation and rejection of individual cells in vascular and connective tissue, lymphomas and sarcomas, reminiscent of hydra’s rejection of interstitial cells in buds. Citation: Shostak S (2019) Modular Morphogenesis: Determinate Rhythmic Budding in Hydra. J Cell Biol Cell Metab 6: 017.","PeriodicalId":197884,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biology and Cell Metabolism","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115365815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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