Pub Date : 2022-07-08DOI: 10.5783/rirp-23-2022-11-207-224
Miguel Gonzalez Garcia
Football clubs in Spain, mainly the First and Second Division ones, have experienced a few changes regarding the forms of communication in the last ten or fifteen years. The communication offices are so professionalized areas that they carry out an intense informative activity, using all the channels at their disposal to get the message to all their audiences, including the media. This study will give a specific vision regarding how these departments behave with news reporters that usually give out information about these clubs; what assets they have, what inconveniences are there, what can they do when they are broadcasting information on a football match, or a training session. In addition, the role of social media will be examined, both the club as a whole and the individual players’. For this, the in-depth interview technique has been used, taking the pulse of eighteen journalists who daily cover the information of the main soccer clubs that are the object of this investigation. The results show that clubs, and therefore the communication departments, do not need the journalist to inform, as the informers have had to develop new habits and, the greater the importance of the entity, the greater are the inconveniences regarding the developing of its informative duty. The way of this research has been more complex than expected. Not all journalists have been open to carry out this work, for this reason the time for its development has been longer than expected. It can be noted that at least one journalist who has been interviewed works in cover the work of the main soccer teams in Spain, most of them in the First Division and others historical at the moment play in the Second Division. Those who have seen fit to ask the interview for the investigation were predisposed from the first moment, even offering to provide data and comments on the differences that exist between their first years of work as journalists of these clubs to current days. They find more difficulties than facilities, which prevent them from carrying out their work as journalists. One of the most important details during the conversations has been the speed with which they have had to adapt to the new demands, having to be up-to-date as far as social networks are concerned. These tools are essential to be able to be informed, in many cases, of what footballers do or say when they do not want to attend to the media, either due to the demands of the club or the player, who is reluctant to answer the questions from journalists. Applications such as Twitter or Instagram have become the best allies for journalists to reach the news on more than one occasion, considering themselves as a primary source. Thequestion is different nowadays because these football players' messages can be read at the same time for the followers. Another surprising aspect of the investigation is the different way some clubs treat journalists. There are remarkable differences between the so-called ‘big clubs
{"title":"Relaciones entre periodistas y gabinetes de comunicación de los clubes de fútbol en España","authors":"Miguel Gonzalez Garcia","doi":"10.5783/rirp-23-2022-11-207-224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5783/rirp-23-2022-11-207-224","url":null,"abstract":"Football clubs in Spain, mainly the First and Second Division ones, have experienced a few changes regarding the forms of communication in the last ten or fifteen years. The communication offices are so professionalized areas that they carry out an intense informative activity, using all the channels at their disposal to get the message to all their audiences, including the media. This study will give a specific vision regarding how these departments behave with news reporters that usually give out information about these clubs; what assets they have, what inconveniences are there, what can they do when they are broadcasting information on a football match, or a training session. In addition, the role of social media will be examined, both the club as a whole and the individual players’. For this, the in-depth interview technique has been used, taking the pulse of eighteen journalists who daily cover the information of the main soccer clubs that are the object of this investigation. The results show that clubs, and therefore the communication departments, do not need the journalist to inform, as the informers have had to develop new habits and, the greater the importance of the entity, the greater are the inconveniences regarding the developing of its informative duty. The way of this research has been more complex than expected. Not all journalists have been open to carry out this work, for this reason the time for its development has been longer than expected. It can be noted that at least one journalist who has been interviewed works in cover the work of the main soccer teams in Spain, most of them in the First Division and others historical at the moment play in the Second Division. Those who have seen fit to ask the interview for the investigation were predisposed from the first moment, even offering to provide data and comments on the differences that exist between their first years of work as journalists of these clubs to current days. They find more difficulties than facilities, which prevent them from carrying out their work as journalists. One of the most important details during the conversations has been the speed with which they have had to adapt to the new demands, having to be up-to-date as far as social networks are concerned. These tools are essential to be able to be informed, in many cases, of what footballers do or say when they do not want to attend to the media, either due to the demands of the club or the player, who is reluctant to answer the questions from journalists. Applications such as Twitter or Instagram have become the best allies for journalists to reach the news on more than one occasion, considering themselves as a primary source. Thequestion is different nowadays because these football players' messages can be read at the same time for the followers. Another surprising aspect of the investigation is the different way some clubs treat journalists. There are remarkable differences between the so-called ‘big clubs","PeriodicalId":198290,"journal":{"name":"Relaciones Públicas diversas / Diverse Public Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121740624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.5783/rirp-23-2022-04-51-72
María Pallarés-Renau, Lorena López-Font, Susana Miquel-Segarra
The Third Sector in Spain is characterized by its high degree of atomization, for which differentiation plays a determining role since the survival of NGOs lies in the identification with the causes that occupy them by public as relevant as the collaborators, partners or donors. For this reason, it is considered essential to make visible how NGOs define themselves and present themselves to their stakeholders through the formulation of the mission, vision and values, as fundamental elements in the communication of their purposes. Consequently, this article, through the qualitative technique of content analysis, focuses on the reports and websites of five of the organizations with the greatest presence in Spain: Cáritas Española, Cruz Roja Española, Fundación OXFAM Intermón, Fundación Save The Children Spain and UNICEF Foundation-Spanish Committee. All of them recognized by the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID), belonging to the Coordinator of NGDOs (CONGD) and positioned in terms of notoriety among the top ten by the public according to the study prepared by Kantar Millward Brown and the AEFr, which analyzes the evolution of the profile of Spanish donors and their relations with NGOs under the title The collaboration of Spanish with non-profit entities. Donor Profile 2018 (2019). In order to know the level of differentiation and the degree of specificity in the self-definition of each case, this article seeks a comparative analysis that allows locating similarities and differences in the discourse of these organizations. In this context, it is especially important to identify, analyze and compare the rhetoric used to present the mission, vision and values as elements that can be condensed into the purpose and determine the self-definition of NGOs. Together with the descriptive scope of the work regarding these basic elements of corporate identity, this research allows knowing the degree of differentiation with which organizations present themselves and pointing out opportunities for improvement in the formulation and communication of their purposes. The results of the research reveal that, to the detriment of differentiation, the rhetoric used and the discursive strategies of the sample respond to a greater degree to reductionist and little differentiating messages. And the enunciation of the purpose appears disintegrated in various supports, hindering its communicative power. It is also cause for reflection to observe how, despite the diversity of each NGO regarding fields of action, users, beneficiaries, territories in which it operates, etc., they all present their main values around solidarity, integrity and transparency. With what is deduced a lack of depth, even of intention, when it comes to exactly identifying highly differential values. As mediating actors and agents of change, NGOs must make use of creativity not only in their speeches, but also in the design of conversation plans to strengthen their sy
西班牙的第三部门具有高度原子化的特点，分化在其中起着决定性的作用，因为非政府组织的生存取决于与合作者、合作伙伴或捐助者一样相关的公众对其所从事的事业的认同。因此，非政府组织如何通过使命、愿景和价值观的形成，向利益相关者展示和定义自己，是传达其宗旨的基本要素，这一点非常重要。因此，本文通过内容分析的定性技术，重点关注在西班牙最具影响力的五个组织的报告和网站:Cáritas Española、Cruz Roja Española、Fundación OXFAM Intermón、Fundación救助儿童会西班牙和联合国儿童基金会西班牙委员会。这些机构都得到了西班牙国际发展合作署(AECID)的认可，属于非政府组织协调机构(cond)，根据凯度明略行和AEFr的研究，这些机构在公众的知名度方面排名前十，该研究以西班牙与非营利实体的合作为标题，分析了西班牙捐助者形象的演变及其与非政府组织的关系。捐赠者简介2018(2019)。为了了解每种情况下自我定义的分化程度和特异性程度，本文寻求一种比较分析，以便在这些组织的话语中找到相似之处和不同点。在这种背景下，识别、分析和比较用来表述使命、愿景和价值观的修辞就显得尤为重要，因为它们可以浓缩为宗旨，并确定非政府组织的自我定义。结合对这些企业形象基本要素的描述范围，本研究可以了解组织表现自己的差异化程度，并指出在制定和沟通其目的方面改进的机会。研究结果表明，样本所使用的修辞和话语策略更大程度地响应简化主义和很少区分的信息，这不利于区分。而目的的表达在各种支撑点上出现解体，阻碍了其交际能力。尽管每个非政府组织在行动领域、使用者、受益者、其运作的领土等方面各不相同，但它们都围绕团结、诚信和透明表现出其主要价值观，这也值得反思。根据我们的推断，在精确识别高度差异的值时，缺乏深度，甚至缺乏意图。作为变革的中介和推动者，非政府组织不仅要在演讲中发挥创造力，还要在对话计划的设计中发挥创造力，以增强其象征资本。制度传播的演变必须将传播计划与对话计划相结合。各实体应在其目标和宗旨的指导下建立“编辑路线”，以生产与其活动相关的内容，并利用其提供信息和产生对话的能力，加强与利益攸关方的接触。
{"title":"Misión, Visión y Valores. Elementos determinantes en la construcción de un propósito diferenciador para las organizaciones del Tercer Sector","authors":"María Pallarés-Renau, Lorena López-Font, Susana Miquel-Segarra","doi":"10.5783/rirp-23-2022-04-51-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5783/rirp-23-2022-04-51-72","url":null,"abstract":"The Third Sector in Spain is characterized by its high degree of atomization, for which differentiation plays a determining role since the survival of NGOs lies in the identification with the causes that occupy them by public as relevant as the collaborators, partners or donors. For this reason, it is considered essential to make visible how NGOs define themselves and present themselves to their stakeholders through the formulation of the mission, vision and values, as fundamental elements in the communication of their purposes. Consequently, this article, through the qualitative technique of content analysis, focuses on the reports and websites of five of the organizations with the greatest presence in Spain: Cáritas Española, Cruz Roja Española, Fundación OXFAM Intermón, Fundación Save The Children Spain and UNICEF Foundation-Spanish Committee. All of them recognized by the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID), belonging to the Coordinator of NGDOs (CONGD) and positioned in terms of notoriety among the top ten by the public according to the study prepared by Kantar Millward Brown and the AEFr, which analyzes the evolution of the profile of Spanish donors and their relations with NGOs under the title The collaboration of Spanish with non-profit entities. Donor Profile 2018 (2019). In order to know the level of differentiation and the degree of specificity in the self-definition of each case, this article seeks a comparative analysis that allows locating similarities and differences in the discourse of these organizations. In this context, it is especially important to identify, analyze and compare the rhetoric used to present the mission, vision and values as elements that can be condensed into the purpose and determine the self-definition of NGOs. Together with the descriptive scope of the work regarding these basic elements of corporate identity, this research allows knowing the degree of differentiation with which organizations present themselves and pointing out opportunities for improvement in the formulation and communication of their purposes. The results of the research reveal that, to the detriment of differentiation, the rhetoric used and the discursive strategies of the sample respond to a greater degree to reductionist and little differentiating messages. And the enunciation of the purpose appears disintegrated in various supports, hindering its communicative power. It is also cause for reflection to observe how, despite the diversity of each NGO regarding fields of action, users, beneficiaries, territories in which it operates, etc., they all present their main values around solidarity, integrity and transparency. With what is deduced a lack of depth, even of intention, when it comes to exactly identifying highly differential values. As mediating actors and agents of change, NGOs must make use of creativity not only in their speeches, but also in the design of conversation plans to strengthen their sy","PeriodicalId":198290,"journal":{"name":"Relaciones Públicas diversas / Diverse Public Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133876979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.5783/rirp-23-2022-02-05-28
Cecilia Sales-Piñeiro, Paul Capripotti-Peri
This paper belongs to the field of communication in the public institution sector. It aims to study the European Union’s media reputation in the leading Spanish outlets in the 2000-2018 period. As the institution has continued to acquire competencies and regulate the activity of Member States, the EU’s communication with its citizens has represented a source of debate inside and outside the institution. In multiple areas of communication, there is a need to bring this supra-institution closer to citizens through more effective communicative policies. The general aim of this paper is to know the EU’s media reputation in Spanish printed press between the years 2000 and 2018. Taking into account the precepts of agenda setting and the principles of media reputation (Capriotti, 2012), a content analysis is carried out to determine the level of media presence and favourability of the institution. This will make it possible to evaluate how the Spanish media present the EU to Spanish citizens, contributing to the formation of public opinion and perception. Due to its long time span, the analysis has been divided into three periods. The first period (Euphoria) goes from 2000 (two years before the implementation of the euro) to the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2007. The second period (Crisis) begins with the global financial crisis of 2008 and ends with the timid beginnings of economic stabilisation in 2014. Finally, the third period (Post-crisis) spans the interval from 2015 to 2018, which sees the eruption and progression of a major social and values crisis in the institution and European society. The general results obtained show that the EU has low visibility in Spanish printed press. In spite of accurate news coverage, in certain periods and years, newsworthy events are not presented to the reader with enough relevance for the news item or institution to gain the notoriety required to be publicly important. In addition, the media favourability in Spain can be considered slightly unfavourable, since the news has an overall negative trend. These results are not consistent with the performance of the institution and the impact it has on the lives of Spanish citizens. A published image that makes it difficult for the institution to create a favourable public sphere and its necessary social legitimacy. According to different authors (Meyer, 1999 and De Vreese, 2003, 2005), the conclusions show that news on the EU fails to interest media outlets, conditioning the EU's visibility and public perception. Regardless of how interested the media may be in the EU, the strategic and communicative role this media plays, when it comes to the level of knowledge that the citizens have about the EU, cannot be ignored. The physical and mental distance of European institutions, as well as their legal, political and structural nature, put media outlets in the position of intermediaries. Thus, the media, as an actor with a voice of its own, is configured as a shap
本文属于事业单位传播学领域。它旨在研究2000年至2018年期间欧盟在西班牙主要媒体中的声誉。随着该机构不断获得能力并规范成员国的活动，欧盟与其公民的沟通已成为该机构内外辩论的一个来源。在传播的多个领域，有必要通过更有效的传播政策使这个超机构更接近公民。本文的总体目标是了解2000年至2018年期间欧盟在西班牙印刷媒体中的媒体声誉。考虑到议程设置的规则和媒体声誉的原则(Capriotti, 2012)，进行了内容分析，以确定媒体存在的水平和机构的有利地位。这将有助于评估西班牙媒体如何向西班牙公民介绍欧盟，如何促进公众舆论和看法的形成。由于时间跨度较长，分析分为三个阶段。第一个时期(欣快期)从2000年(欧元实施前两年)到2007年金融危机爆发。第二阶段(危机)始于2008年的全球金融危机，结束于2014年经济开始温和企稳。最后，第三个时期(后危机时期)从2015年到2018年，这段时间见证了制度和欧洲社会重大社会和价值观危机的爆发和发展。获得的一般结果表明，欧盟在西班牙印刷媒体的知名度较低。尽管有准确的新闻报道，但在某些时期和年份，有新闻价值的事件并没有以足够的相关性呈现给读者，使新闻项目或机构获得必要的公众重要性。此外，媒体在西班牙的有利地位可以被认为是稍微不利的，因为新闻有一个整体的负面趋势。这些结果与该机构的表现及其对西班牙公民生活的影响不一致。一种使该机构难以创造有利的公共领域及其必要的社会合法性的公开形象。根据不同的作者(Meyer, 1999和De Vreese, 2003, 2005)，结论表明，关于欧盟的新闻未能引起媒体的兴趣，制约了欧盟的知名度和公众认知。无论媒体对欧盟有多感兴趣，当涉及到公民对欧盟的了解程度时，媒体所扮演的战略和沟通角色都是不可忽视的。欧洲各机构之间的身心距离，以及它们的法律、政治和结构性质，使媒体机构处于中介的地位。因此，作为拥有自己声音的行动者，媒体被配置为意见、文化、身份和政治观念的塑造者。在他们的专业惯例中，媒体公司构建了确定的叙事，这些叙事直接——作为唯一的现实——与公民的感知有关(McCombs and Shaw, 1972;肖,1979)。由于大多数西班牙公民缺乏直接的经验，欧盟与公民的沟通和互动就落在了媒体的财务和意识形态利润手中。沟通环境可能会使该机构的公共相关性、可信度和可信赖性面临风险，从而导致欧盟和西班牙公民之间的情感距离。
{"title":"La reputación mediática de la Unión Europea en la prensa española (2000-2018)","authors":"Cecilia Sales-Piñeiro, Paul Capripotti-Peri","doi":"10.5783/rirp-23-2022-02-05-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5783/rirp-23-2022-02-05-28","url":null,"abstract":"This paper belongs to the field of communication in the public institution sector. It aims to study the European Union’s media reputation in the leading Spanish outlets in the 2000-2018 period. \u0000As the institution has continued to acquire competencies and regulate the activity of Member States, the EU’s communication with its citizens has represented a source of debate inside and outside the institution. In multiple areas of communication, there is a need to bring this supra-institution closer to citizens through more effective communicative policies. \u0000The general aim of this paper is to know the EU’s media reputation in Spanish printed press between the years 2000 and 2018. Taking into account the precepts of agenda setting and the principles of media reputation (Capriotti, 2012), a content analysis is carried out to determine the level of media presence and favourability of the institution. This will make it possible to evaluate how the Spanish media present the EU to Spanish citizens, contributing to the formation of public opinion and perception.\u0000Due to its long time span, the analysis has been divided into three periods. The first period (Euphoria) goes from 2000 (two years before the implementation of the euro) to the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2007. The second period (Crisis) begins with the global financial crisis of 2008 and ends with the timid beginnings of economic stabilisation in 2014. Finally, the third period (Post-crisis) spans the interval from 2015 to 2018, which sees the eruption and progression of a major social and values crisis in the institution and European society.\u0000The general results obtained show that the EU has low visibility in Spanish printed press. In spite of accurate news coverage, in certain periods and years, newsworthy events are not presented to the reader with enough relevance for the news item or institution to gain the notoriety required to be publicly important.\u0000In addition, the media favourability in Spain can be considered slightly unfavourable, since the news has an overall negative trend. These results are not consistent with the performance of the institution and the impact it has on the lives of Spanish citizens. A published image that makes it difficult for the institution to create a favourable public sphere and its necessary social legitimacy. According to different authors (Meyer, 1999 and De Vreese, 2003, 2005), the conclusions show that news on the EU fails to interest media outlets, conditioning the EU's visibility and public perception. \u0000Regardless of how interested the media may be in the EU, the strategic and communicative role this media plays, when it comes to the level of knowledge that the citizens have about the EU, cannot be ignored. The physical and mental distance of European institutions, as well as their legal, political and structural nature, put media outlets in the position of intermediaries. Thus, the media, as an actor with a voice of its own, is configured as a shap","PeriodicalId":198290,"journal":{"name":"Relaciones Públicas diversas / Diverse Public Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120874213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.5783/rirp-23-2022-09-163-184
Mariana Carareto, Roseane Andrelo, Teresa Ruão
This investigation aims to reflect on the impact generated by organizational communication in society, considering its capacity to interfere in the public sphere construction. For this, theoretical research was made addressing the communicative constitution of organizations and their relationship with society. Furthermore, in-depth interviews were conducted with Portuguese communication agencies for verifying perceptions about the communication impact in society. In the results, it was identified that to evidence this impact, it is necessary to discuss the communication organizational power in the interactional context and the discourse influence in individuals' perceptions and behaviors formation. This work was supported by Capes [grant numbers: 88881.362250/2019-01 from Program PDSE] and developed at University of Minho (Braga, Portugal).
{"title":"How can organizational communication impact society? Reflections from the communication practice in Portuguese communication agencies","authors":"Mariana Carareto, Roseane Andrelo, Teresa Ruão","doi":"10.5783/rirp-23-2022-09-163-184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5783/rirp-23-2022-09-163-184","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation aims to reflect on the impact generated by organizational communication in society, considering its capacity to interfere in the public sphere construction. For this, theoretical research was made addressing the communicative constitution of organizations and their relationship with society. Furthermore, in-depth interviews were conducted with Portuguese communication agencies for verifying perceptions about the communication impact in society. In the results, it was identified that to evidence this impact, it is necessary to discuss the communication organizational power in the interactional context and the discourse influence in individuals' perceptions and behaviors formation.\u0000This work was supported by Capes [grant numbers: 88881.362250/2019-01 from Program PDSE] and developed at University of Minho (Braga, Portugal).","PeriodicalId":198290,"journal":{"name":"Relaciones Públicas diversas / Diverse Public Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128380763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Academia and organizations tend to agree on the importance they give to internal communication as a discipline of knowledge and as a strategic issue in organizational management. However, many organizations omit the systematic application of this type of communication and the academy has not produced, to date, a systematic body of knowledge. In order for these situations to be recognized and worked on, research work is necessary to build an integrating theoretical body. What this work proposes is to review the publications on internal communication (IC) to inquire about the recent advance in this knowledge and its applications. To accomplish this, four of the most important academic journals on communication in organizations were reviewed according to the SCImago Journal & Country Rank. They are: Public Relations Review, Management Communication Quarterly, International Journal of Strategic Communication and Journal of Communication Management. The period of analysis was carried out between 2015 and 2021. Bibliometric indicators used were: the number of articles on internal communication published, broken down by journal, year and number, most used words and phrases. The authors were also studied by analyzing the number of signatures per article, who published more on internal communication, as well as the most cited experts. The results in the 125 issues reveal a discreet presence of IC since of 1278 articles published, 126 dealt with the subject, which represented 9.87% of the total. The journal that published the most on IC was Public Relations Review with 38 articles, followed by Management Communication Quarterly with 35. Journal of Communication Management edited 32 articles, leaving International Journal of Strategic Communication as the journal that dealt with the subject the least with 21. All journals made special editions on various topics, but the Journal of Communication Management was the only one that made an extraordinary edition dedicated to IC under the title Internal Communication during the COVID-19 Pandemic published in volume 25, number 3, July 2021. The most productive year for IC was 2021 with 32 articles. Throughout the period, 55 issues were published without articles on IC, 36 with one, 20 with two, nine with three, four with four articles and only one issue with seven, the special edition. Among the most used words are employee (s), social, strategic, engagement, media and crisis. And the most used phrase after “internal communication” is “social media”. The most cited author was also the most productive in the period studied: Lijuan Rita Men. Other authors who published multiple times included Cen April Yue, Ana Tkalac Verčič, Jeong Nam Kim, and Vibeke Thøis Madsen. James Grunig, Ansgar Zerfass, François Cooren, Linda L. Putnam, Mary Welch, and W. Timothy Coombs were also frequently cited. In conclusion, and despite the increased interest caused by the pandemic, internal communication is not a priority issue in the re
学术界和组织倾向于将内部沟通作为一门知识学科和组织管理中的战略问题给予重视。然而，许多组织忽略了这种类型的沟通的系统应用，而学术界迄今尚未形成一个系统的知识体系。为了认识和研究这些情况，研究工作需要建立一个完整的理论体系。本工作建议对内部沟通(IC)的出版物进行回顾，以了解该知识及其应用的最新进展。为了实现这一目标，我们根据SCImago期刊和国家排名对四种最重要的组织沟通学术期刊进行了评估。它们是:《公共关系评论》、《管理传播季刊》、《国际战略传播杂志》和《传播管理杂志》。分析期间为2015年至2021年。所使用的文献计量指标是:发表的关于内部沟通的文章的数量，按期刊、年份和数量分列，最常用的单词和短语。研究人员还分析了每篇文章的署名数、谁在内部沟通方面发表得更多、被引用最多的专家等。125期的结果显示，IC的存在是谨慎的，因为在发表的1278篇文章中，126篇涉及该主题，占总数的9.87%。发表IC文章最多的杂志是《公共关系评论》(38篇)，其次是《管理沟通季刊》(35篇)。《传播管理杂志》编辑了32篇文章，《国际战略传播杂志》是涉及这一主题最少的杂志，只有21篇。所有期刊都有不同主题的特别版，但《通信管理杂志》是唯一一个以“COVID-19大流行期间的内部通信”为主题的IC特别版，于2021年7月发表在第25卷第3期。IC最多产的年份是2021年，有32篇文章。在此期间，没有发表有关IC的文章的有55期，1期有36期，2期有20期，3期有9期，4期有4期，7期特别版只有1期。其中使用最多的词是员工、社会、战略、参与、媒体和危机。而在“内部沟通”之后使用最多的词汇是“社交媒体”。在研究期间，被引用次数最多的作者也是最多产的:李娟·丽塔·门。其他多次发表文章的作者包括Cen April Yue, Ana Tkalac ver istei, Jeong Nam Kim和Vibeke Thøis Madsen。James Grunig, Ansgar Zerfass, franois Cooren, Linda L. Putnam, Mary Welch和W. Timothy Coombs也经常被引用。总之，尽管大流行引起了越来越多的关注，但内部沟通并不是被审查期刊的优先问题。还发现更加强调规范和工具方面，并明确倾向于解决具体的组织问题，即以管理为中心的功能主义观点。本文旨在支持内部沟通的学者和专业人士，在他们力所能及的范围内，除了本综述之外，增加研究以产生内部组织沟通方面的知识的挑战。
{"title":"Tendencias de investigación sobre comunicación interna en revistas internacionales: 2015-2021","authors":"Yaydik Martinez-Romero, Guillermo Enrique Yáber Oltra","doi":"10.5783/rirp-23-2022-07-117-142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5783/rirp-23-2022-07-117-142","url":null,"abstract":"Academia and organizations tend to agree on the importance they give to internal communication as a discipline of knowledge and as a strategic issue in organizational management. However, many organizations omit the systematic application of this type of communication and the academy has not produced, to date, a systematic body of knowledge. In order for these situations to be recognized and worked on, research work is necessary to build an integrating theoretical body. What this work proposes is to review the publications on internal communication (IC) to inquire about the recent advance in this knowledge and its applications. To accomplish this, four of the most important academic journals on communication in organizations were reviewed according to the SCImago Journal & Country Rank. They are: Public Relations Review, Management Communication Quarterly, International Journal of Strategic Communication and Journal of Communication Management. The period of analysis was carried out between 2015 and 2021. Bibliometric indicators used were: the number of articles on internal communication published, broken down by journal, year and number, most used words and phrases. The authors were also studied by analyzing the number of signatures per article, who published more on internal communication, as well as the most cited experts. The results in the 125 issues reveal a discreet presence of IC since of 1278 articles published, 126 dealt with the subject, which represented 9.87% of the total. The journal that published the most on IC was Public Relations Review with 38 articles, followed by Management Communication Quarterly with 35. Journal of Communication Management edited 32 articles, leaving International Journal of Strategic Communication as the journal that dealt with the subject the least with 21. All journals made special editions on various topics, but the Journal of Communication Management was the only one that made an extraordinary edition dedicated to IC under the title Internal Communication during the COVID-19 Pandemic published in volume 25, number 3, July 2021. The most productive year for IC was 2021 with 32 articles. Throughout the period, 55 issues were published without articles on IC, 36 with one, 20 with two, nine with three, four with four articles and only one issue with seven, the special edition. Among the most used words are employee (s), social, strategic, engagement, media and crisis. And the most used phrase after “internal communication” is “social media”. The most cited author was also the most productive in the period studied: Lijuan Rita Men. Other authors who published multiple times included Cen April Yue, Ana Tkalac Verčič, Jeong Nam Kim, and Vibeke Thøis Madsen. James Grunig, Ansgar Zerfass, François Cooren, Linda L. Putnam, Mary Welch, and W. Timothy Coombs were also frequently cited. In conclusion, and despite the increased interest caused by the pandemic, internal communication is not a priority issue in the re","PeriodicalId":198290,"journal":{"name":"Relaciones Públicas diversas / Diverse Public Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131113435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.5783/rirp-23-2022-08-143-162
Andrea Castro-Martínez, Pablo Díaz-Morilla, J. Torres-Martín
Communication is a priority element in the management of organisations, especially in times of crisis, as both internally and externally it can facilitate its containment. In the case of COVID-19, given the rapid spread of the pandemic, the impact was global in a very short period of time, so that organisations were forced to adapt to an unprecedented situation. One of the elements that became important in this adaptation process was internal communication, which helped to maintain cohesion between members of the organisation in a period when physical distance and isolation were widespread. Aspects such as managing remote working, loyalty, keeping staff aligned with corporate objectives and the mental health of employees became important issues. In the case of the health sector, whose work has been essential in this period of time, aspects such as communication with employees, effective and decisive leadership, prevention of stress, burnout and compassion fatigue, self-care, people management, promotion of training and knowledge or support in decision-making became particularly important. This work is framed within the area of study of organisational communication aimed at internal audiences, specifically in its relationship with organisational wellbeing and happiness in the field of healthcare institutions. It argues that Spanish hospital institutions strengthened their internal communication during the COVID-19 crisis as a key factor in dealing with the situation, despite the fact that organisational happiness and well-being are aspects that are still underdeveloped in these institutions. Two general objectives are established: to determine the role of internal communication in Spanish hospitals during the pandemic and to describe the policies of well-being and promotion of corporate happiness that have taken place during this time in the organisations studied. The secondary objectives are to identify the internal communication policies that have been developed, to establish the tools and channels used during this period, to study the role that the promotion of the well-being and happiness of the staff plays in the organisations and to describe the policies that have been implemented in this area. Through a document review and a semi-structured questionnaire in which 17 Spanish hospitals, mostly privately owned, participated, this research aims to determine the role of internal communication in these centres during the pandemic, as well as to describe the policies of well-being and promotion of corporate happiness that have taken place during this time in the organisations studied. The results indicate that the hospitals were forced to strengthen their internal communication to maintain control of the situation, implementing tools and encouraging communication with leaders and managers. However, the lack of formal management of staff wellbeing and happiness is evident in most of these institutions, as the organisational charts of these institut
{"title":"Comunicación interna, bienestar y felicidad organizacional en instituciones hospitalarias españolas durante la crisis de la COVID-19","authors":"Andrea Castro-Martínez, Pablo Díaz-Morilla, J. Torres-Martín","doi":"10.5783/rirp-23-2022-08-143-162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5783/rirp-23-2022-08-143-162","url":null,"abstract":"Communication is a priority element in the management of organisations, especially in times of crisis, as both internally and externally it can facilitate its containment. In the case of COVID-19, given the rapid spread of the pandemic, the impact was global in a very short period of time, so that organisations were forced to adapt to an unprecedented situation. One of the elements that became important in this adaptation process was internal communication, which helped to maintain cohesion between members of the organisation in a period when physical distance and isolation were widespread. Aspects such as managing remote working, loyalty, keeping staff aligned with corporate objectives and the mental health of employees became important issues. In the case of the health sector, whose work has been essential in this period of time, aspects such as communication with employees, effective and decisive leadership, prevention of stress, burnout and compassion fatigue, self-care, people management, promotion of training and knowledge or support in decision-making became particularly important.\u0000This work is framed within the area of study of organisational communication aimed at internal audiences, specifically in its relationship with organisational wellbeing and happiness in the field of healthcare institutions. It argues that Spanish hospital institutions strengthened their internal communication during the COVID-19 crisis as a key factor in dealing with the situation, despite the fact that organisational happiness and well-being are aspects that are still underdeveloped in these institutions. Two general objectives are established: to determine the role of internal communication in Spanish hospitals during the pandemic and to describe the policies of well-being and promotion of corporate happiness that have taken place during this time in the organisations studied. The secondary objectives are to identify the internal communication policies that have been developed, to establish the tools and channels used during this period, to study the role that the promotion of the well-being and happiness of the staff plays in the organisations and to describe the policies that have been implemented in this area. Through a document review and a semi-structured questionnaire in which 17 Spanish hospitals, mostly privately owned, participated, this research aims to determine the role of internal communication in these centres during the pandemic, as well as to describe the policies of well-being and promotion of corporate happiness that have taken place during this time in the organisations studied.\u0000The results indicate that the hospitals were forced to strengthen their internal communication to maintain control of the situation, implementing tools and encouraging communication with leaders and managers. However, the lack of formal management of staff wellbeing and happiness is evident in most of these institutions, as the organisational charts of these institut","PeriodicalId":198290,"journal":{"name":"Relaciones Públicas diversas / Diverse Public Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133313681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.5783/rirp-23-2022-13-245-249
Andrea Moreno-Cabanillas
Review of the report developed by EUPRERA and carried out by Alejandro Álvarez-Nobell, Juan-Carlos Molleda, Ángeles Moreno, Andréia Athaydes, Ana María Suárez-Monsalve and Marco V. Herrera on a survey of 1,850 professionals from 20 countries working in communication departments in Latin America.
审查由euprea编写并由Alejandro Álvarez-Nobell、Juan-Carlos Molleda、Ángeles Moreno、andr ia Athaydes、Ana María Suárez-Monsalve和Marco V. Herrera对来自20个国家在拉丁美洲通信部门工作的1,850名专业人员进行调查的报告。
{"title":"Reseña del Informe Latin American Communication Monitor 2020-2021","authors":"Andrea Moreno-Cabanillas","doi":"10.5783/rirp-23-2022-13-245-249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5783/rirp-23-2022-13-245-249","url":null,"abstract":"Review of the report developed by EUPRERA and carried out by Alejandro Álvarez-Nobell, Juan-Carlos Molleda, Ángeles Moreno, Andréia Athaydes, Ana María Suárez-Monsalve and Marco V. Herrera on a survey of 1,850 professionals from 20 countries working in communication departments in Latin America.","PeriodicalId":198290,"journal":{"name":"Relaciones Públicas diversas / Diverse Public Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115769904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.5783/rirp-23-2022-12-225-244
Francisco Javier Godoy-Martin
Social media are already part of the communicative routines of most organizations, including communication agencies. Nevertheless, given their duty to serve other companies, these agencies should have an advanced understanding of these platforms, not only in their most profound sense but also in a time-advanced one. In other words, agencies should test emerging social media with the aim of knowing them in-depth and determining whether they serve their communicative purpose. It should be noticed that investment in digital advertising and actions with influencers are greater and greater. Besides, they are platforms that not necessarily remain unalterable, but some of them achieve their life cycle, even disappearing. On this matter, it is necessary to check if agencies really are working on the most recent social networks or only on those which are already consolidated. For such a research, the quantitative method, based on the content analysis, was adopted within a descriptive study. It was used on a sample of the ten communication agencies with the highest billing which operate in Spain. As secondary research objectives, it was considered to analyze the use that agencies do of social media which they are present in, to determine the existence of online content strategies, as well as to value the interaction level of these companies on online channels. The results show that most of analyzed agencies offer web 2.0-related services, such as digital strategy, online content management, monitoring and influencers relations. Social media talking, except for a few cases, communication agencies prefer to maintain a presence on the most consolidated social networks (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn and YouTube). Furthermore, those are the ones that usually have links on their websites. This does not mean that agencies do not use the more recent applications, but that, mostly, they do not do this for their benefit as a brand. Otherwise they keep them in the background. In fact, some agencies use current platforms, such as Twitch or TikTok, publishing suitable content to their characteristics, which means that agencies know their possibilities, although their use is not still usual among them. Among the commonly used social networks, the activity of these agencies remains along the lines of what has already been concluded in previous academic papers: the purpose of information dissemination prevails with a self-promoting role. Communication agencies keep their social profiles updated and, during the month of research, they constantly published content, especially, information about themselves or about the communication sector, followed by news of common interest, clients news and projects carried out. Finally, although they published content frequently, the interaction with other users is low and, when it happens, it usually has, as mentioned, a self-promoting intention. In conclusion, communication agencies, as other kinds of organizations, are used t
{"title":"Las agencias de comunicación ante las nuevas redes sociales. ¿Early adopters o incorporación tardía?","authors":"Francisco Javier Godoy-Martin","doi":"10.5783/rirp-23-2022-12-225-244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5783/rirp-23-2022-12-225-244","url":null,"abstract":"Social media are already part of the communicative routines of most organizations, including communication agencies. Nevertheless, given their duty to serve other companies, these agencies should have an advanced understanding of these platforms, not only in their most profound sense but also in a time-advanced one. In other words, agencies should test emerging social media with the aim of knowing them in-depth and determining whether they serve their communicative purpose. It should be noticed that investment in digital advertising and actions with influencers are greater and greater. Besides, they are platforms that not necessarily remain unalterable, but some of them achieve their life cycle, even disappearing. On this matter, it is necessary to check if agencies really are working on the most recent social networks or only on those which are already consolidated. For such a research, the quantitative method, based on the content analysis, was adopted within a descriptive study. It was used on a sample of the ten communication agencies with the highest billing which operate in Spain. As secondary research objectives, it was considered to analyze the use that agencies do of social media which they are present in, to determine the existence of online content strategies, as well as to value the interaction level of these companies on online channels. The results show that most of analyzed agencies offer web 2.0-related services, such as digital strategy, online content management, monitoring and influencers relations. Social media talking, except for a few cases, communication agencies prefer to maintain a presence on the most consolidated social networks (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn and YouTube). Furthermore, those are the ones that usually have links on their websites. This does not mean that agencies do not use the more recent applications, but that, mostly, they do not do this for their benefit as a brand. Otherwise they keep them in the background. In fact, some agencies use current platforms, such as Twitch or TikTok, publishing suitable content to their characteristics, which means that agencies know their possibilities, although their use is not still usual among them. Among the commonly used social networks, the activity of these agencies remains along the lines of what has already been concluded in previous academic papers: the purpose of information dissemination prevails with a self-promoting role. Communication agencies keep their social profiles updated and, during the month of research, they constantly published content, especially, information about themselves or about the communication sector, followed by news of common interest, clients news and projects carried out. Finally, although they published content frequently, the interaction with other users is low and, when it happens, it usually has, as mentioned, a self-promoting intention. In conclusion, communication agencies, as other kinds of organizations, are used t","PeriodicalId":198290,"journal":{"name":"Relaciones Públicas diversas / Diverse Public Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128189541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.5783/rirp-23-2022-05-73-92
Leticia de Oliveira Giovanelli, Patricia Milano Persigo
The public relations activity is defined as an area of strategic communication which acts on building mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their audiences. Constant social transformations have an impact on the social perception of different themes, which in turn also directly affects the positioning of organizations. In this scenario, we discuss the term “astroturfing” and its similarities and/or differences concerning public relations based on a relational perspective of communication. This article is characterized as an exploratory research based on a bibliographic analysis. The object of study is astroturfing in the context of public relations; therefore, a qualitative approach has been used. We observed that the extreme usage of digital social networks has contributed to numerous scenarios of misinformation which, therefore, end up encouraging deceptive or simulated practices arising from different social institutions. Thus, it is in such a context that the practice of astroturfing can be seen. This practice emerged in the 1980s in the United States during an election campaign in which there were disputes for a favourable public opinion. The term is an analogy to the word “grassroots, that is, how spontaneous popular manifestations are known in the US, and AstroTurf is a brand of artificial grass created by Monsanto in the 1960s, which is famous for its similarity to the appearance of real grass” (Silva, 2013: 14). The phenomenon can be seen as the creation of public manifestations by an audience that does not exist in order to achieve a favourable scenario for organizational objectives. In a practical way, communication processes can act as astroturfing drivers, thus contributing to the emergence of artificial contexts. In this article, we investigate the communication process by reflecting on the importance of the PR professional who looks at the public from a relational perspective. The connection of such a phenomenon with the field of public relations derives from the practices of international agencies that have subtly used astroturfing to achieve the goals of their clients in such a way that organizational ethics committees do not clearly perceive it. This is one of the aspects that leads professionals in the area to question what would or would not be ethical. Public relations, as an expression of strategic communication, has the ability to observe scenarios, mobilize forces and elaborate narratives that enable the construction of an organizational image and reputation. Perhaps an adequate translation of these strategic efforts is to recognize the connections among public relations, its audiences and the public opinion. In this scenario, there are ample information flows from the mediatized context that sometimes can create gaps for the practice of astroturfing. We understand that the phenomenon is consolidated as a contemporary challenge in the market, mainly in communication. Therefore, we highlight on how the
{"title":"Relações Públicas e Astroturfing na perspectiva relacional","authors":"Leticia de Oliveira Giovanelli, Patricia Milano Persigo","doi":"10.5783/rirp-23-2022-05-73-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5783/rirp-23-2022-05-73-92","url":null,"abstract":"The public relations activity is defined as an area of strategic communication which acts on building mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their audiences. Constant social transformations have an impact on the social perception of different themes, which in turn also directly affects the positioning of organizations. In this scenario, we discuss the term “astroturfing” and its similarities and/or differences concerning public relations based on a relational perspective of communication. This article is characterized as an exploratory research based on a bibliographic analysis. The object of study is astroturfing in the context of public relations; therefore, a qualitative approach has been used. We observed that the extreme usage of digital social networks has contributed to numerous scenarios of misinformation which, therefore, end up encouraging deceptive or simulated practices arising from different social institutions. Thus, it is in such a context that the practice of astroturfing can be seen. This practice emerged in the 1980s in the United States during an election campaign in which there were disputes for a favourable public opinion. The term is an analogy to the word “grassroots, that is, how spontaneous popular manifestations are known in the US, and AstroTurf is a brand of artificial grass created by Monsanto in the 1960s, which is famous for its similarity to the appearance of real grass” (Silva, 2013: 14). The phenomenon can be seen as the creation of public manifestations by an audience that does not exist in order to achieve a favourable scenario for organizational objectives. In a practical way, communication processes can act as astroturfing drivers, thus contributing to the emergence of artificial contexts. In this article, we investigate the communication process by reflecting on the importance of the PR professional who looks at the public from a relational perspective. The connection of such a phenomenon with the field of public relations derives from the practices of international agencies that have subtly used astroturfing to achieve the goals of their clients in such a way that organizational ethics committees do not clearly perceive it. This is one of the aspects that leads professionals in the area to question what would or would not be ethical. Public relations, as an expression of strategic communication, has the ability to observe scenarios, mobilize forces and elaborate narratives that enable the construction of an organizational image and reputation. Perhaps an adequate translation of these strategic efforts is to recognize the connections among public relations, its audiences and the public opinion. In this scenario, there are ample information flows from the mediatized context that sometimes can create gaps for the practice of astroturfing. We understand that the phenomenon is consolidated as a contemporary challenge in the market, mainly in communication. Therefore, we highlight on how the ","PeriodicalId":198290,"journal":{"name":"Relaciones Públicas diversas / Diverse Public Relations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128313986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.5783/rirp-23-2022-03-29-50
Teresa Figueiredo, Gisela Gonçalves
Media relations is at the core of Public Relations activities in both corporate, governmental, and non-governmental level. All and any organisation need to manage their relationship with the informative media to maintain a positive image in the public sphere. However, the relationship between press officers and journalists is a subject as old as controversial. Some authors find an interdependent relationship in their professional practice (eg. Chinem, 2003; Lopes, 2017), while others understand the press office as parajournalism (eg. Schudson, 2003; Ribeiro, 2015a; 2015c), an activity that manipulates the public opinion, through agenda-setting mechanisms (eg. Moloney, 2000). Bearing in mind these conflicting views, the main purpose of this study is to explore and critically discuss the journalist-press officers’ relationship in the current Portuguese landscape. This study is relevant because there is no actual research on the journalism-PR relationship in the Portuguese context. The article is structured in two main parts. The first part develops a brief theoretical review, which aims to discuss the practical and conceptual frontiers that involve the operational field of press office, situated in the relationship between professional sources of information and journalists. As the perception of the journalist-public relations relationship depends on the social-cultural, political and economic context, differences between countries are also debated in this theoretical section. In the second part of the article the main results of a survey applied to a sample of Portuguese journalists are discussed, to answer the research question that guided this research: How do journalists perceive the work of press advisors and the interactions established between them? The questionnaire, disseminated via email, was administered between April 3 and June 25 of 2021 and it is focused on the journalist's praxis as well as on the values they attribute to press office work. The scope of this investigation is, therefore, based on the analysis of the routines, practices and values of the Portuguese journalists. According to the responses of 417 journalists, it was ascertained that the majority see a mutual respect environment between Press officers and Journalists. However, only 23% agreed that the relationship between them is one of interdependence. Even though most journalists prefer to resort to direct sources of information, they recognize the importance of the press office work and admit publishing content disseminated by the press offices, at least once a week. Furthermore, many journalists believe that the press office is actively associated with propaganda and that the journalism sphere could exist without PR practitioners. That suggests that a trustworthy and cooperative relationship between both professional groups has yet to be established. This research enhances the reflection about the current state of the relationship between the Portuguese journalist and
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