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TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION OF IMPLEMENTING BLENDED LEARNING AT THE UNIVERSITY LEVEL 教师对在大学实施混合式学习的看法
Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.30537/sjest.v3i2.1345
Dr. Fatima Muhammad Qassim, P. N. Jumani, Prof. Dr. Samina Malik
ABSTRACT                                        In higher education institutions, internet accessibility, availability, and connectivity are helping teachers to adopt the latest pedagogical content and technological knowledge. Blended learning is one of the latest methods in the teaching-learning process. This study was conducted on university-level teachers in Islamabad, Pakistan. The key purpose of the study was to explore teachers’ perceptions of adopting blended learning at the university level. For the assessment of the perception of teachers about blended learning, we have used stratified random sampling to select participants.  A study of 51 teachers in blended learning found that faculty are prepared to implement the approach, but issues like the internet, network, and electricity must be resolved before implementation. Higher education institutions must utilize blended learning and IT components to improve personalized learning and student professional development.
ABSTRACT 在高等教育机构中,互联网的可访问性、可用性和连接性有助于教师采用最新的教学内容和技术知识。混合式学习是教学过程中的最新方法之一。本研究的对象是巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡的大学教师。研究的主要目的是探讨大学教师对采用混合式学习的看法。为了评估教师对混合式学习的看法,我们采用了分层随机抽样的方法来选择参与者。 对 51 名教师进行的混合式学习研究发现,教师们已经做好了实施这种方法的准备,但在实施之前必须解决互联网、网络和电力等问题。高等教育机构必须利用混合式学习和信息技术组件来改进个性化学习和学生的专业发展。
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引用次数: 0
A Sociolinguistic Study of Personal Names in Balochi Culture 俾路支文化中人名的社会语言学研究
Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.30537/sjest.v3i2.1211
Illahi Bakhsh
This paper focuses on the personal names of Balochi culture and regards naming practices as an important aspect of the Baloch culture. Personal names are studied in this paper within the perspective of linguistics anthropology. In this paper, the focus of the study is limited to the names of people living in district Kech of Balochistan province. It is hypothesized that Personal names of Balochi culture are not arbitrary labels, but they have sociocultural tags, functions, and meanings. The date to complete requirement of the objectives have been collected through the voter list and some personal names were obtained from the primary and secondary schools of different cities of district Kech. The qualitative method has been used for analyzing the concerned data. They borrow personal names from different cultures due to religious, political, and ideological reasons however, they have always clothed them in the garments of their national ideology. On this purpose the paper discusses the typology of Balochi names including the names taken from the names of days and months, plants and tree, and circumstantial names. It also discusses about compounding naming practices of Balochi culture which are derived from the combination of two single units of words in Balochi language. The Balochi personal names through classifications and categorization show that the choices of Balochi personal names are based on social and cultural considerations. It was observed in the typology of personal names in Balochi culture which shows that how social belief and cultural practices influence the choices or selections of personal names.
本文重点研究俾路支文化中的人名,并将命名习俗视为俾路支文化的一个重要方面。本文从语言人类学的角度研究个人姓名。本文的研究重点仅限于俾路支省克奇区居民的姓名。假设俾路支文化中的人名不是任意的标签,而是具有社会文化标签、功能和意义。通过选民名单收集了完成目标所需的日期,并从凯奇区不同城市的中小学获得了一些人名。在分析相关数据时采用了定性方法。由于宗教、政治和意识形态的原因,他们借用了不同文化中的人名,但是,他们总是为这些人名披上民族意识形态的外衣。为此,本文讨论了俾路支名字的类型,包括从日月、草木和环境名称中提取的名字。本文还讨论了俾路支文化中的复合命名法,这种命名法源自俾路支语中两个单字单位的组合。通过对俾路支人名的分类和归类,可以看出俾路支人名的选择是基于社会和文化的考虑。从俾路支文化人名类型学中可以看出,社会信仰和文化习俗如何影响人名的选择。
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引用次数: 0
Role of museums as a resource in learning of history at elementary level 博物馆作为小学历史学习资源的作用
Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.30537/sjest.v3i2.1217
Qanita Ahmed, Dr Farkhanda Jabeen
The purpose of this research was to highlight the importance of museums as a resource in learning history at the elementary level. Museums are institutions used as evidence of historical activities. It was recognized in the 15th century to describe the concept of evidence in a form of a permanent non-profit institute. They reveal the diversity of the culture and society. Museums are the authentic source to interpret historical indications. They are used to educate people about their diversity in cultural traits, science, and history. How the museums are utilized as educational institutions. They preserved the historical happenings to explain the real picture of history. The study targets the role of museums as a resource in learning history at the elementary level. The objective of the study was to explore the academic performance of elementary school students before and after using museums as a resource.  The public elementary school students were the population of research. One public school was chosen to conduct the research. The researcher adopted a quantitative approach to collect the parametric data. The research procedure consisted of three phases i.e. planning, development, and implementation phase. One group pretest-posttest design was used to conduct research. The researcher prepared a subject-based test with the help of subject specialists working in the Punjab School Education Department. A pretest was conducted before visiting the museum and a posttest was conducted after visiting the museum. Paired t-test was used to measure the academic performance of the participants. The results of the pretest-posttest indicated that museums can be utilized as a resource in learning history at the elementary level.
本研究旨在强调博物馆作为小学历史学习资源的重要性。博物馆是作为历史活动证据的机构。它在 15 世纪被确认为以永久性非营利机构的形式描述证据的概念。博物馆揭示了文化和社会的多样性。博物馆是解释历史迹象的真实来源。博物馆用于教育人们了解文化特征、科学和历史的多样性。博物馆是如何被用作教育机构的。它们保存了历史事件,以解释历史的真实面貌。本研究以博物馆作为小学历史学习资源的作用为目标。研究的目的是探讨小学生在使用博物馆这一资源前后的学习成绩。 研究对象为公立小学生。研究人员选择了一所公立学校进行研究。研究人员采用定量方法收集参数数据。研究程序包括三个阶段,即计划、开发和实施阶段。研究采用了一组前测-后测设计。研究人员在旁遮普省学校教育部学科专家的帮助下,编制了一个基于学科的测试。在参观博物馆之前进行了前测,在参观博物馆之后进行了后测。采用配对 t 检验来衡量参与者的学习成绩。前测-后测的结果表明,博物馆可以作为小学历史学习的资源加以利用。
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引用次数: 0
Role of Primary School Head Teachers in Curriculum Implementation in Sindh 信德省小学校长在课程实施中的作用
Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.30537/sjest.v3i2.1199
Masood Ahmed Dool, Dr. Hasan Syed Shah, K. Siddiqui, Mahmood Ahmed Dool
Abstract This research work has been led to explore the role of head teachers (HTs), particularly in Curriculum Understanding and its Implementation (CU&I). In order to create school leaders that can cope as unique practices, the Instructional leaders have to implement the leadership practices to improve the overall activities in realm of the school generally and CU&I particularly. The purpose of this qualitative research was to explore HTs perform as leaders in CU&I, to develop the educational institution, supervise the teaching and learning process, to understand the curriculum, seek achievement of the learners. Discovering the role of HTs concerning CU&I it in the context of upper Sindh has remained almost unexplored. The purposive and convenient sampling was used to select the head teachers (n.6). Data were analyzed using the thematic analysis for the emergent themes. The findings were that head teachers as leaders in CU&I perform differently in different areas.  These findings support the head teachers to apply better CU&I to improve the process of the schooling in above terms.  The implication is for the head teachers working in the public sector schools to be set the example for the current and upcoming head teachers.
摘要 本研究工作旨在探讨校长的作用,特别是在课程理解与实施(CU&I)方面的作用。为了培养能够应对独特实践的学校领导,教学领导必须实施领导实践,以改善学校的整体活动,特别是课程理解与实施。本定性研究的目的是探讨教学领导者作为中大附中领导者在发展教育机构、监督教学过程、了解课程、寻求学生成绩等方面的表现。在上信德省的背景下,关于教师在中央大学和学院中的作用的探索几乎还没有进行过。研究采用了有目的的方便抽样法来选择校长(6 人)。采用主题分析法对数据进行了分析,以确定新出现的主题。研究结果表明,校长作为 CU&I 的领导者,在不同领域的表现各不相同。 这些结果支持校长更好地应用 "大学与创新",以改善上述学校教育过程。 这意味着在公立学校工作的校长应为现任和即将上任的校长树立榜样。
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引用次数: 0
Examining Assessment Design in the Pakistan English Language Curriculum at Secondary Level: A Comprehensive Qualitative Analysis of its Implementation 研究巴基斯坦中学英语课程的评估设计:对课程实施情况的综合定性分析
Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.30537/sjest.v3i2.1212
Z. Kakar, Dr. Syeda Rakhshanda Kaukab
ABSTRACT The assessment is an integrated part of the learning process. The effectiveness of assessment design and practice during and after teaching will determine how language skills develop. This research study critically analyzes the Pakistan language curriculum 2006, regarding language assessment design. The study aimed to investigate the assessment design, mechanism, methods, and strategies envisaged in Pakistan's 2006 language curriculum. The study's goals were to investigate the LNC's 2006 language assessment plan and comprehend how extensive the 2006 national curriculum's assessment design is intended. Another goal is the extent to which this design supports language assessment and addresses language assessment ideas. The Pakistani national curriculum from 2006 will be the subject of a document analysis that considers both formative and summative assessment methods, techniques, and strategies. The language assessment theories and Bloom’s assessment mechanism were used as theoretical lenses. The document analysis model proposed by Bowen (2009) was used for this investigation. The study's findings demonstrate that Pakistan's LNC 2006 assessment design could be more helpful in developing language skills, by improving its level. The assessment strategies and methods for the development of every language skill are missing. The action verbs used for, Standards, benchmarks, and SLOs are at a deficient level and belong to Bloom's Taxonomy's first three stages of the cognitive domain. The summative test rather than ongoing assessment is indicated; hence the marking scheme is solely meant to be used for writing skills. Speaking and listening skills are nearly entirely ignored in assessment design. The standard for the development of textbook activities is likewise deficient in terms of assessment. The guidelines for teachers that train them on assessment are absent. In order to improve the language assessment design, policymakers and curriculum developers will use the study's findings. The findings will also help teachers comprehend and implement language assessment design appropriately. Keywords: Assessment, assessment design, language assessment, curriculum, textbooks, instruction.  
摘要 评价是学习过程的一个组成部分。在教学过程中和教学结束后,评估设计和实践的有效性将决定语言技能的发展。本研究对 2006 年巴基斯坦语言课程的语言评估设计进行了批判性分析。研究旨在调查巴基斯坦 2006 年语言课程中的评估设计、机制、方法和策略。研究的目标是调查 LNC 的 2006 年语言评估计划,了解 2006 年国家课程的评估设计有多广泛。另一个目标是这一设计在多大程度上支持语言评估和解决语言评估的想法。我们将对 2006 年巴基斯坦国家课程进行文件分析,考虑形成性和终结性评估方法、技术和策略。语言评估理论和布鲁姆评估机制被用作理论透镜。本研究采用了 Bowen(2009 年)提出的文件分析模型。研究结果表明,巴基斯坦的 LNC 2006 评估设计可以通过提高语言水平,更有助于发展语言技能。缺少发展每种语言技能的评估策略和方法。用于标准、基准和 SLO 的行动动词水平不高,属于布卢姆分类学认知领域的前三个阶段。终结性测试而非持续性评估;因此,该评分标准仅适用于写作技能。在评估设计中,几乎完全忽略了口语和听力技能。课本活动的开发标准在评估方面同样存在缺陷。对教师进行评估培训的指南也不存在。为了改进语言评估设计,政策制定者和课程开发者将使用本研究的结果。研究结果也将帮助教师理解并恰当地实施语言评估设计。关键词评估、评估设计、语言评估、课程、教科书、教学。
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引用次数: 0
Factors causing stress in conducting research among postgraduate students of public and private sector universities 造成公立和私立大学研究生研究压力的因素
Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.30537/sjest.v3i2.1269
Z. Abdin, Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the factor causing stress in conducting research among research scholars of public and private sector universities. Quantitative research method was applied in this study which was descriptive in nature. The data was collected from research scholars by using survey technique. The location for the population was Karachi and Jamshoro. One hundred fifty one scholars were selected as a sample. The results showed that the overall mean score of students was (M=3.6) which indicated the high research stress level in research students of both public and privates universities. Students of public universities faced more thesis writing, supervisor relationship and academic stress than private universities. Stress level in the factors of coursework stress and socio-economic stress was same in public and private universities. The findings of this study are expected to provide new evidence for higher education institutions and result in certain reforms in public and private sector institutions.
摘要 本研究旨在探讨导致公立和私立大学研究学者在开展研究时感到压力的因素。本研究采用定量研究方法,属于描述性研究。数据通过调查技术从研究学者中收集。调查地点为卡拉奇和贾姆索罗。选取了 151 名学者作为样本。结果显示,学生的总体平均得分为(M=3.6),这表明公立大学和私立大学的研究生都面临较大的研究压力。与私立大学相比,公立大学的学生面临更多的论文写作、导师关系和学业压力。公立大学和私立大学的学生在课业压力和社会经济压力方面的压力水平相同。本研究的结果有望为高等教育机构提供新的证据,并促使公立和私立院校进行某些改革。
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引用次数: 0
Relationship between Strategic Leadership Styles of Head Teachers andSchool Performance at Secondary Level: A Preliminary Study 中学班主任策略领导风格与学校绩效关系的初步研究
Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.30537/sjest.v3i1.1245
H. Amin
This research paper aimed to explore the effect of strategic leadership styles of head -teachers on school performance at secondary level. Survey research method was employed. All the heads, working at the secondary schools  in Tehsil Sargodha was considered population for this study. There are 171 secondary schools in this Tehsil. So by employing cluster sampling technique, data was collected from all the head teachers. Strategic Leadership Styles Questionnaire by Gaylord Reagan (1998) was adopted to collect the data from head teachers. According to this scale, there are eight leadership styles which sums up to make strategic leadership style of heads. The instrument was based on Thurstone scale ranging from 1-8 (least to most). Positive, significant but week correlation found between strategic leadership styles of head teacher with school performance. Furthermore, regression analysis indicated that strategic leadership style of head teachers effects the school performance to some extent. It is recommended that staff having experience in educational administration may provide comprehensive and specific instructions for putting strategic leadership techniques into practice so to increase school performance.
本研究旨在探讨中学校长策略领导风格对学校绩效的影响。采用调查研究方法。在特希尔萨戈达中学工作的所有校长都被认为是这项研究的人口。这个地区有171所中学。因此,采用整群抽样的方法,对所有班主任进行数据采集。采用Gaylord Reagan(1998)的战略领导风格问卷对班主任进行数据收集。根据这个量表,有八种领导风格,总结起来就是领导者的战略领导风格。该仪器基于Thurstone量表,范围从1-8(最小到最大)。班主任策略领导风格与学校绩效呈显著正相关。回归分析表明,班主任的战略领导风格对学校绩效有一定的影响。建议具有教育行政经验的工作人员提供全面和具体的指导,将战略领导技巧付诸实践,以提高学校的表现。
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引用次数: 0
The Perspectives of Secondary School Educators TowardsProject-Based Learning (PBL):A Case Study of Private and Public Institutesof Sukkur, Sindh 中学教育工作者对项目型学习(PBL)的看法:以信德省苏库尔私立和公立学校为例
Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI: 10.30537/sjest.v3i1.1201
Rabia Baby
The current educational environment requires a new skill set and instructional practices for teachers to be effective in the classrooms. With the addition of methodologies such as project-based learning (PBL), the updated pedagogies are aimed to make classrooms more student-centered. Studies have shown that teachers at Secondary schools in Sukkur, Sindh are struggling to adopt PBL as required by the educational policy of the state. Therefore, a qualitative study was conducted to analyze the perspectives of private-sector secondary school teachers toward PBL. The perspectives included their perception, motivation, and experiences in the said domain. Keeping aside a traditional view, science and arts teachers were considered participants. Thematic analysis was used to classify the data under the pertinent research questions. The study’s findings will contribute to the small corpus of research on teacher perspectives, especially understanding what instructors believe a PBL work to be and how they see its execution. Understanding these perspectives will aid in making proper adjustments to PBL implementation by the stakeholders. 
当前的教育环境需要一套新的技能和教学实践,以使教师在课堂上有效。随着项目学习(PBL)等方法的加入,更新的教学法旨在使课堂更加以学生为中心。研究表明,信德省苏库尔的中学教师正努力按照国家教育政策的要求采用PBL。因此,本研究采用质性研究分析私企中学教师对PBL的看法。这些视角包括他们在上述领域的感知、动机和经验。撇开传统观点不谈,科学和艺术教师也被视为参与者。在相关的研究问题下,采用主题分析法对数据进行分类。这项研究的发现将有助于对教师观点的小型研究,特别是了解教师认为PBL工作是什么以及他们如何看待其执行。理解这些观点将有助于对利益相关者实施PBL做出适当的调整。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Classroom Rules on the Achievement Level of Students at Secondary School Level in Peshawar 课堂规则对白沙瓦中学学生成绩水平的影响
Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.30537/sjest.v3i1.1287
Dr.Safi Ullah
The main concern of this descriptive research study was to find out the impact of classroom rules on the achievement level of students at Secondary Level in Peshawar. The population of the study comprised all secondary school teachers and 240 teacher were randomly selected. The academic achievement was obtained from 9th class results at BISE Peshawar. Data was analysis through SPSS and used one sample t-test, Pearson correlation and regression. It was found that majority of the respondent were agreed side. The mean value of CR = 3.3142 by .31417, and p < 0.01. Coefficient Pearson Correlation of Classroom Rules (M= 3.3288, SD= .66626) and SA (M= 58.2583, SD= 10.65197) and r (0.150) which shows that CR and SA was significant. Regression analysis results shows that the whole research is statistically significant (F = 5.461; p = .001) and Independent variable Classroom Rules is statistically significant (t = 2.337; p < 0.05).The Independent variable Classroom Rules (CR) contributed statistically significantly in a positive way towards student achievement. Classroom Rules (CR) contributes 2.659 units in the dependent variable Student Achievement (SA) for unit increase in Independent variable CR. So, on the basis of the above results the Independent variable Classroom Rules (CR) positively contributes towards Student Achievement (SA) level.
本描述性研究的主要目的是找出课堂规则对白沙瓦中学学生成绩水平的影响。研究对象为所有中学教师,随机抽取240名教师。学业成绩从白沙瓦BISE的9级成绩中获得。数据分析采用SPSS统计软件,采用单样本t检验、Pearson相关及回归分析。调查发现,大多数被访者都同意这一观点。CR均值= 3.3142 × 0.31417, p < 0.01。课堂规则(M= 3.3288, SD= 0.66626)与SA (M= 58.2583, SD= 10.65197)和r(0.150)的Pearson相关系数显示CR和SA显著。回归分析结果显示,整个研究具有统计学显著性(F = 5.461;p = .001),自变量“课堂规则”差异有统计学意义(t = 2.337;P < 0.05)。自变量课堂规则(CR)对学生成绩有显著的正向影响。因变量学生成绩(SA)中,课堂规则(CR)贡献了2.659个单位,自变量CR增加了一个单位,因此,在上述结果的基础上,自变量课堂规则(CR)对学生成绩(SA)水平有积极的贡献。
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引用次数: 0
WhatsApp’s SMS application- Vocabulary learning WhatsApp的短信应用程序-词汇学习
Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.30537/sjest.v3i1.1257
S. Thaheem, 2 Muhammad Usman Thaheem, Quratulain Mirza
Since this world is progressing and the new generation is increasingly adopting mobile phones in their everyday lives, thus, WhatsApp media and other mobile applications are increasingly being used at educational institutions all around the world. Therefore, the current study investigated the WhatsApp SMS application’s use in the vocabulary learning in the engineering university, Sindh, Pakistan. The study used a mixed-mode quasi-experimental pre-test post-test research design, in which students' vocabulary ability was assessed before they participated in WhatsApp classes and subsequently through post-test after the experiment. Moreover, students' experiences were also documented through the analysis of SMS messages they posted on a WhatsApp group (during experiment). The quantitative data was analysed on SPSS and the findings of the study revealed that WhatsApp’s SMS application usage posited a significant difference in the enhancement of vocabulary of the experimental group of students. Moreover, students’ postings (SMSs) on WhatsApp group were analysed qualitatively following the thematic analysis. The qualitative analysis also revealed positive experiences of students concerning WhatsApp’s SMS application in learning vocabulary. The current study reveals the benefits of WhatsApp’s SMS application on tertiary students worldwide, as well as instructors, syllabus designers who develop courses for tertiary students, and policymakers who make educational policies, by instilling technology-enabled social media tools (specifically WhatsApp) in the ESL classroom context both nationally and internationally.
由于这个世界在进步,新一代在日常生活中越来越多地使用手机,因此,WhatsApp媒体和其他移动应用程序越来越多地在世界各地的教育机构中使用。因此,本研究调查了WhatsApp短信应用程序在巴基斯坦信德省工程大学词汇学习中的使用情况。本研究采用准实验前测后测混合模式的研究设计,在学生参加WhatsApp课程前对其词汇能力进行评估,并在实验后对其进行后测。此外,还通过分析学生在WhatsApp群上发布的短信记录了他们的经历(在实验期间)。在SPSS软件上对定量数据进行分析,研究结果显示,WhatsApp短信应用的使用对实验组学生词汇量的增强有显著差异。此外,根据主题分析,对学生在WhatsApp群上的发帖(sms)进行定性分析。定性分析还揭示了学生对WhatsApp短信应用在词汇学习中的积极体验。目前的研究表明,通过在国内和国际的ESL课堂环境中灌输技术支持的社交媒体工具(特别是WhatsApp), WhatsApp的短信应用程序对全世界的大学生、教师、为大学生开发课程的教学大纲设计师和制定教育政策的政策制定者都有好处。
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引用次数: 0
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Sukkur IBA Journal of Educational Sciences and Technologies
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