Pub Date : 2012-08-27DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281522
T. Short, R. W. Mee
This paper describes field trials of voltage reduction on nine distribution circuits. The median CVR factor was 0.6 on these circuits. Results were normalized using measurements from nearby comparable circuits. Advanced metering infrastructure data on some circuits allowed comparison by customer type. On one circuit, commercial customers had lower CVR factors than residential customers. For residential customers, CVR factors were lower for customers with higher winter loads.
{"title":"Voltage reduction field trials on distributions circuits","authors":"T. Short, R. W. Mee","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281522","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes field trials of voltage reduction on nine distribution circuits. The median CVR factor was 0.6 on these circuits. Results were normalized using measurements from nearby comparable circuits. Advanced metering infrastructure data on some circuits allowed comparison by customer type. On one circuit, commercial customers had lower CVR factors than residential customers. For residential customers, CVR factors were lower for customers with higher winter loads.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81280553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-07-22DOI: 10.1109/PESGM.2012.6344581
E. Larsen
This paper describes basic technical aspects to consider when applying wind generation to transmission grids that include series-compensated transmission lines, and some thoughts on how the industry can manage this combination in the future.
{"title":"Wind generators and series-compensated AC transmission lines","authors":"E. Larsen","doi":"10.1109/PESGM.2012.6344581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2012.6344581","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes basic technical aspects to consider when applying wind generation to transmission grids that include series-compensated transmission lines, and some thoughts on how the industry can manage this combination in the future.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89040358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281581
Avijit Mallik, C. Char
Steel is one of the most recycled materials in the world and modern, as-rolled structural sections are produced with varying combinations of alloy metals to fulfill many purposes. It is very important to specify the right requirements according to the material properties, ductility, toughness, through-thickness properties, weldability, and appearance of galvanized and dulled finished. Surface preparation is the most critical step in the application of any coating. It is essential for hot-dip galvanizing process, namely the iron-zinc metallurgical reaction, that the steel surface to be perfectly cleaned, i.e. free from grease, rust and scale. Any inadequacies in surface preparation will immediately be apparent when the steel is withdrawn from the molten zinc. It is very common that lattice steel towers are made of galvanized steel and sometimes dulled by a passivation process after hot dip galvanizing steel members. Passivation is a process that creates a protective layer on the surface, which may last about six weeks before being consumed. At that time, galvanized steel will begin to weather naturally. Most steels can generally be satisfactorily coated through a hot dip galvanizing process, however, reactive elements in the steel, silicon (Si) and phosphorus (P) in particular, can affect the appearance and thickness of the coating. Steel with low silicon content can provide a more consistent quality of coating in terms of coating thickness and smoothness of the galvanized coating. Where a long term dull appearances are important, steels with silicon content in the range of 0.04 to 0.15 and above 0.22 percent by weight should be avoided. This paper addresses the challenges in hot dip galvanizing process for reactive steel and possible discoloration phenomenon due to Silicon Effect Color Transformation (SECT) on galvanized steel members for lattice transmission tower structures. It also gives the preliminary guidance to utilize some specialized techniques to achieve the desired galvanizing and dulling finish.
{"title":"Silicon effect color transformation on galvanized steel lattice towers","authors":"Avijit Mallik, C. Char","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281581","url":null,"abstract":"Steel is one of the most recycled materials in the world and modern, as-rolled structural sections are produced with varying combinations of alloy metals to fulfill many purposes. It is very important to specify the right requirements according to the material properties, ductility, toughness, through-thickness properties, weldability, and appearance of galvanized and dulled finished. Surface preparation is the most critical step in the application of any coating. It is essential for hot-dip galvanizing process, namely the iron-zinc metallurgical reaction, that the steel surface to be perfectly cleaned, i.e. free from grease, rust and scale. Any inadequacies in surface preparation will immediately be apparent when the steel is withdrawn from the molten zinc. It is very common that lattice steel towers are made of galvanized steel and sometimes dulled by a passivation process after hot dip galvanizing steel members. Passivation is a process that creates a protective layer on the surface, which may last about six weeks before being consumed. At that time, galvanized steel will begin to weather naturally. Most steels can generally be satisfactorily coated through a hot dip galvanizing process, however, reactive elements in the steel, silicon (Si) and phosphorus (P) in particular, can affect the appearance and thickness of the coating. Steel with low silicon content can provide a more consistent quality of coating in terms of coating thickness and smoothness of the galvanized coating. Where a long term dull appearances are important, steels with silicon content in the range of 0.04 to 0.15 and above 0.22 percent by weight should be avoided. This paper addresses the challenges in hot dip galvanizing process for reactive steel and possible discoloration phenomenon due to Silicon Effect Color Transformation (SECT) on galvanized steel members for lattice transmission tower structures. It also gives the preliminary guidance to utilize some specialized techniques to achieve the desired galvanizing and dulling finish.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"92 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73927306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281679
G. Irwin, A. Isaacs, D. Woodford
This paper presents an overview of the Atlantic Wind Multi-Terminal VSC/HVDC Offshore Wind Project and discusses traditional dynamic study methods and their limitations for this project. A new hybrid simulation toolbox (which allow for simultaneous simulation using both transient stability and electromagnetic transients (EMT) tools in the same dynamic simulation) is presented, along with new tools for parallel processing of EMT simulations using multiple cpus or multiple computers on a LAN. Selected results from the Atlantic Wind studies are also shown.
{"title":"Simulation requirements for the Atlantic Wind Multi-Terminal VSC Offshore Wind Project","authors":"G. Irwin, A. Isaacs, D. Woodford","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281679","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an overview of the Atlantic Wind Multi-Terminal VSC/HVDC Offshore Wind Project and discusses traditional dynamic study methods and their limitations for this project. A new hybrid simulation toolbox (which allow for simultaneous simulation using both transient stability and electromagnetic transients (EMT) tools in the same dynamic simulation) is presented, along with new tools for parallel processing of EMT simulations using multiple cpus or multiple computers on a LAN. Selected results from the Atlantic Wind studies are also shown.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"183 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74633567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281437
B. Saint
The IEEE P1547, Draft Guide to Conducting Distribution Impact Studies for Distributed Resource Interconnection, will be a key reference for performing planning studies to determine the impact of distributed resources that are interconnected to distribution systems. This paper discusses the Scope and Purpose; current status; and a short description of the content and limitations of this document that is under development.
{"title":"Update on IEEE P1547.7 - Draft Guide to Conducting Distribution Impact Studies for Distributed Resource Interconnection","authors":"B. Saint","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281437","url":null,"abstract":"The IEEE P1547, Draft Guide to Conducting Distribution Impact Studies for Distributed Resource Interconnection, will be a key reference for performing planning studies to determine the impact of distributed resources that are interconnected to distribution systems. This paper discusses the Scope and Purpose; current status; and a short description of the content and limitations of this document that is under development.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74873348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281543
S. Mak
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) in conjunction with Smart Meters is becoming a reality. Synchronized interval data collected from all the Smart Meters at the distribution network generate so much new and valuable information, which allow utilities to develop new applications for optimizing and managing the network operation and to improve the energy delivery services to the customers and also to provide support to transmission and generation. This paper discusses how to use the metering data from the Smart Meters to generate a dynamic model of a feeder network to improve the VOLT-VAR control application. Efforts are still at the early stages of application development by various researchers in the utility industry.
{"title":"Dynamic modeling of the distribution feeder using Smart Meters data to support feeder VOLT-VAR control","authors":"S. Mak","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281543","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) in conjunction with Smart Meters is becoming a reality. Synchronized interval data collected from all the Smart Meters at the distribution network generate so much new and valuable information, which allow utilities to develop new applications for optimizing and managing the network operation and to improve the energy delivery services to the customers and also to provide support to transmission and generation. This paper discusses how to use the metering data from the Smart Meters to generate a dynamic model of a feeder network to improve the VOLT-VAR control application. Efforts are still at the early stages of application development by various researchers in the utility industry.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76486451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281709
J. Woodworth, M. Comber
A new edition of IEEE C62.11, will soon be published and will contain significant changes on how arrester energy handling capability is tested and verified. For the first time, users will have information necessary to make head-to-head comparisons of energy handling capability of arresters produced by different manufacturers. The tests will provide information for both multiple impulse energy (a thermal stability and recovery consideration) and maximum single impulse capability (a physical damage consideration). Further improvements in the standard include an updated front-of-wave discharge voltage test method, a simplified temporary overvoltage test and a more realistic metal oxide material aging test. Much of the improvements arose from a multi-year review of the various tests which resulted in a comprehensive annex that provides rationale for each required test and which will serve as a springboard for improving product tests in future editions of the standard. This paper also makes application recommendations for the new characteristics.
{"title":"Improvements in IEEE C62.11 test standards","authors":"J. Woodworth, M. Comber","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281709","url":null,"abstract":"A new edition of IEEE C62.11, will soon be published and will contain significant changes on how arrester energy handling capability is tested and verified. For the first time, users will have information necessary to make head-to-head comparisons of energy handling capability of arresters produced by different manufacturers. The tests will provide information for both multiple impulse energy (a thermal stability and recovery consideration) and maximum single impulse capability (a physical damage consideration). Further improvements in the standard include an updated front-of-wave discharge voltage test method, a simplified temporary overvoltage test and a more realistic metal oxide material aging test. Much of the improvements arose from a multi-year review of the various tests which resulted in a comprehensive annex that provides rationale for each required test and which will serve as a springboard for improving product tests in future editions of the standard. This paper also makes application recommendations for the new characteristics.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80196802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281415
Grazia Todeschini
This paper discusses an approach to evaluate the effect of distance on the transient recovery voltage (TRY) waveform resulting from a short-line fault (SLF). Since SLFs can take place at any distance from the breaker terminals, a detailed model of the line in proximity of the circuit breaker is necessary. The main contribution of this paper is to discuss a constant-parameter model that is both effective and simple to use. A second contribution is to describe how to perform SLF simulations to determine the worst case TRY. The described procedure is implemented by means of an example, where the TRY is assessed for a 230 kV breaker.
{"title":"Analysis of the effect of distance on the TRV waveform for a short-line fault","authors":"Grazia Todeschini","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281415","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses an approach to evaluate the effect of distance on the transient recovery voltage (TRY) waveform resulting from a short-line fault (SLF). Since SLFs can take place at any distance from the breaker terminals, a detailed model of the line in proximity of the circuit breaker is necessary. The main contribution of this paper is to discuss a constant-parameter model that is both effective and simple to use. A second contribution is to describe how to perform SLF simulations to determine the worst case TRY. The described procedure is implemented by means of an example, where the TRY is assessed for a 230 kV breaker.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"72 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80199953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281525
D. C. Hughes
This paper details advancements in the field of dead-front separable insulated connectors for underground distribution systems. Heretofore, all dead-front loadbreak separable insulated connectors have been limited to 200 A of load current. This work describes in detail the latest technology in dead-front separable insulated connectors: the 600 A loadbreak connector system.
{"title":"15 kV 600 A loadbreak dead-front separable insulated connector system","authors":"D. C. Hughes","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281525","url":null,"abstract":"This paper details advancements in the field of dead-front separable insulated connectors for underground distribution systems. Heretofore, all dead-front loadbreak separable insulated connectors have been limited to 200 A of load current. This work describes in detail the latest technology in dead-front separable insulated connectors: the 600 A loadbreak connector system.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76877443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281664
J. Fadiran, W. Yuill, S. Chowdhury, S. Chowdhury
The programmable load manager (PLM) is an innovative response to the apparent need for energy efficiency (EE). It focuses on household energy utilization and how through the aid of advanced control, electricity usage can be optimized from luxury to necessity. The PLM is a more practical approach seeing that the deployment of residential demand side management (DSM) is faced with many setbacks due to differing views on EE. The PLM finds a common ground between the consumers' and utility by implementing real-time control after comparing the consumer's desired operation with the utility's and accordingly establishing graded operational schemes between these two demands. The study describes the built prototype: multiple switching circuits, a microcontroller unit (PIC18f877) and control algorithms. This innovative PLM illustrates a neutral and quicker approach to EE, bypassing many of the obstacles to EE and accommodating possible non-participants of contemporary and future DSM schemes.
{"title":"Practical demand side management - a programmable load manager","authors":"J. Fadiran, W. Yuill, S. Chowdhury, S. Chowdhury","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281664","url":null,"abstract":"The programmable load manager (PLM) is an innovative response to the apparent need for energy efficiency (EE). It focuses on household energy utilization and how through the aid of advanced control, electricity usage can be optimized from luxury to necessity. The PLM is a more practical approach seeing that the deployment of residential demand side management (DSM) is faced with many setbacks due to differing views on EE. The PLM finds a common ground between the consumers' and utility by implementing real-time control after comparing the consumer's desired operation with the utility's and accordingly establishing graded operational schemes between these two demands. The study describes the built prototype: multiple switching circuits, a microcontroller unit (PIC18f877) and control algorithms. This innovative PLM illustrates a neutral and quicker approach to EE, bypassing many of the obstacles to EE and accommodating possible non-participants of contemporary and future DSM schemes.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81122662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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