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The Open Society and Its Enemies最新文献

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Frontmatter
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1515/9780691212067-fm
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引用次数: 0
7 THE PRINCIPLE OF LEADERSHIP 7 .领导原则
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1515/9780691212067-015
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引用次数: 0
3 PLATO’S THEORY OF FORMS OR IDEAS 柏拉图关于形式或观念的理论
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1515/9780691212067-011
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引用次数: 0
INDEX 指数
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1515/9780691212067-039
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引用次数: 0
8 THE PHILOSOPHER KING 8哲学家之王
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1515/9780691212067-016
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引用次数: 0
1 HISTORICISM AND THE MYTH OF DESTINY 历史决定论与命运的神话
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1515/9780691212067-009
K. Popper
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引用次数: 1
19 THE SOCIAL REVOLUTION 19社会革命
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.1515/9780691212067-028
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引用次数: 0
HISTORICISM AND THE MYTH OF DESTINY 历史决定论与命运的神话
Pub Date : 2020-09-15 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv15r5748.10
A. Ryan, E. Gombrich
It is widely believed that a truly scientifi c or philosophical attitude towards politics, and a deeper understanding of social life in general, must be based upon a contemplation and interpretation of human history. While the ordinary man takes the setting of his life and the importance of his personal experiences and petty struggles for granted, it is said that the social scientist or philosopher has to survey things from a higher plane. He sees the individual as a pawn, as a somewhat insignifi cant instrument in the general development of mankind. And he fi nds that the really important actors on the Stage of History are either the Great Nations and their Great Leaders, or perhaps the Great Classes, or the Great Ideas. However this may be, he will try to understand the meaning of the play which is performed on the Historical Stage; he will try to understand the laws of historical development. If he succeeds in this, he will, of course, be able to predict future developments. He might then put politics upon a solid basis, and give us practical advice by telling us which political actions are likely to succeed or likely to fail. This is a brief description of an attitude which I call historicism. It is an old idea, or rather, a loosely connected set of ideas which have become, unfortunately , so much a part of our spiritual atmosphere that they are usually taken for granted, and hardly ever questioned. I have tried elsewhere to show that the historicist approach to the social sciences gives poor results. I have also tried to outline a method which, I believe, would yield better results. No part of this book may be distributed, posted, or reproduced in any form by digital or mechanical means without prior written permission of the publisher.
人们普遍认为,对政治的真正科学或哲学的态度,以及对一般社会生活的更深入的理解,必须建立在对人类历史的思考和解释的基础上。当普通人把自己的生活背景、个人经历和琐碎斗争的重要性视为理所当然时,据说社会科学家或哲学家必须从更高的层面来审视事物。他把个人看作是一枚棋子,看作是人类整体发展过程中微不足道的工具。他发现,历史舞台上真正重要的演员,要么是伟大的民族和他们的伟大领袖,要么是伟大的阶级,或者是伟大的思想。无论如何,他都会试图理解在历史舞台上演出的戏剧的意义;他将努力理解历史发展的规律。如果他成功了,他当然就能预测未来的发展。然后,他可能会把政治建立在一个坚实的基础上,并通过告诉我们哪些政治行动可能成功或可能失败来给我们提供实用的建议。这是对一种我称之为历史决定论的态度的简要描述。这是一种古老的观念,或者更确切地说,是一套联系松散的观念,不幸的是,它们已经成为我们精神氛围的一部分,以至于它们通常被视为理所当然,几乎从未受到质疑。我曾试图在其他地方表明,用历史主义方法研究社会科学的结果很糟糕。我还试图概述一种我认为会产生更好结果的方法。未经出版商事先书面许可,本书的任何部分不得以数字或机械方式以任何形式分发、张贴或复制。
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引用次数: 1
THE LEGAL AND THE SOCIAL SYSTEM 法律和社会制度
Pub Date : 2020-09-15 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv15r5748.27
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引用次数: 0
ECONOMIC HISTORICISM 经济历史主义
Pub Date : 2020-09-15 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv15r5748.25
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引用次数: 0
期刊
The Open Society and Its Enemies
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