Pub Date : 2018-10-08DOI: 10.1201/9781351228909-15
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Phosphorus fertilizers contain cadmium (Cd) as a contaminant at levels varying from trace amounts to as much as 300 mg Cd kg−1 of dry product and therefore can be a major source of Cd input to agricultural systems. Cd will accumulate in the soils if the amount added in fertilizer is greater than what is removed by crop harvest or through other loss pathways such as erosion, bioturbation, or leaching. Phosphate fertilizer may also influence Cd phytoavailability through fertilizer-induced changes in soil pH, osmotic strength of the soil solution, zinc (Zn) availability, soil organic matter, rhizosphere chemistry, soil microbial activity, and plant growth. As both total Cd input into the soil and fertilizer-induced changes in soil properties are a function of the rate of fertilizer application, management practices that improve fertilizer use efficiency should be adopted to minimize fertilizer inputs while maintaining crop yield potential. Cd accumulation in the food chain is a major international concern. Chronic Cd toxicity may occur from long-term consumption of foods containing excess levels of Cd, possibly resulting in adverse health effects including kidney tubule dysfunction and reduced bone density (Godt et al. 2006). Plants will accumulate Cd from the soil with the amount of uptake depending on a wide range of factors including soil Cd concentration, soil chemical, physical, and biological characteristics, weather, agricultural management practices, and crop genetics (Grant et al. 1999, 2008; Sheppard et al. CONTENTS
磷肥含有镉(Cd)污染物，其含量从微量到高达300毫克镉千克- 1的干粮，因此可以成为农业系统镉输入的主要来源。如果肥料中添加的Cd量大于作物收获或通过侵蚀、生物扰动或淋滤等其他损失途径所去除的Cd量，则Cd将在土壤中积累。磷肥还可能通过引起土壤pH值、土壤溶液渗透强度、锌(Zn)有效性、土壤有机质、根际化学、土壤微生物活性和植物生长的变化来影响镉的植物有效性。由于土壤总镉输入量和肥料引起的土壤性质变化都是施肥量的函数，因此应采取提高肥料利用效率的管理措施，在保持作物产量潜力的同时尽量减少肥料投入。食物链中的镉积累是一个主要的国际问题。长期食用含有过量Cd的食物可能导致慢性Cd中毒，可能导致不良健康影响，包括肾小管功能障碍和骨密度降低(Godt等人，2006年)。植物将从土壤中积累镉，其吸收量取决于一系列因素，包括土壤镉浓度、土壤化学、物理和生物特性、天气、农业管理做法和作物遗传(Grant et al. 1999,2008;谢泼德等人。内容
{"title":"Influence of Phosphate Fertilizer on Cadmium in Agricultural Soils and Crops","authors":"C. Grant","doi":"10.1201/9781351228909-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351228909-9","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus fertilizers contain cadmium (Cd) as a contaminant at levels varying from trace amounts to as much as 300 mg Cd kg−1 of dry product and therefore can be a major source of Cd input to agricultural systems. Cd will accumulate in the soils if the amount added in fertilizer is greater than what is removed by crop harvest or through other loss pathways such as erosion, bioturbation, or leaching. Phosphate fertilizer may also influence Cd phytoavailability through fertilizer-induced changes in soil pH, osmotic strength of the soil solution, zinc (Zn) availability, soil organic matter, rhizosphere chemistry, soil microbial activity, and plant growth. As both total Cd input into the soil and fertilizer-induced changes in soil properties are a function of the rate of fertilizer application, management practices that improve fertilizer use efficiency should be adopted to minimize fertilizer inputs while maintaining crop yield potential. Cd accumulation in the food chain is a major international concern. Chronic Cd toxicity may occur from long-term consumption of foods containing excess levels of Cd, possibly resulting in adverse health effects including kidney tubule dysfunction and reduced bone density (Godt et al. 2006). Plants will accumulate Cd from the soil with the amount of uptake depending on a wide range of factors including soil Cd concentration, soil chemical, physical, and biological characteristics, weather, agricultural management practices, and crop genetics (Grant et al. 1999, 2008; Sheppard et al. CONTENTS","PeriodicalId":19887,"journal":{"name":"Phosphate in Soils","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80258441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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