Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.5117/9789463722032_CH11
Gillian Jein
This chapter engages with the spatial politics of aesthetics in the Parisian suburbs of Clichy-sous-Bois and Montfermeil. It examines how JR’s street art brings into view the lines of tension informing neighbourhood change. Firstly, the chapter explores how urban aesthetics have become important to gentrification analysis and looks at the commodification of socially engaged aesthetic practices via the “creative cities” ethos. In the subsequent sections, the chapter introduces a relational reading of JR’s artistic practice in “Clichy- Montfermeil.” The central questions guiding the enquiries are as follows: What can street art tell us about the antagonisms shaping processes of speculation in these towns? What can its aesthetic presence reveal about shifts in spatial imaginaries that are disarticulating the banlieues as “deviant,” “no-go zone” to rearticulate them “as a hunting ground for seasoned investors” (Clerima 2019)?
{"title":"Speculative Spaces in Grand Paris : Reading JR in Clichy-sous-Bois and Montfermeil","authors":"Gillian Jein","doi":"10.5117/9789463722032_CH11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5117/9789463722032_CH11","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter engages with the spatial politics of aesthetics in the Parisian\u0000 suburbs of Clichy-sous-Bois and Montfermeil. It examines how JR’s street\u0000 art brings into view the lines of tension informing neighbourhood change.\u0000 Firstly, the chapter explores how urban aesthetics have become important to\u0000 gentrification analysis and looks at the commodification of socially engaged\u0000 aesthetic practices via the “creative cities” ethos. In the subsequent sections,\u0000 the chapter introduces a relational reading of JR’s artistic practice in “Clichy-\u0000 Montfermeil.” The central questions guiding the enquiries are as follows: What\u0000 can street art tell us about the antagonisms shaping processes of speculation\u0000 in these towns? What can its aesthetic presence reveal about shifts in spatial\u0000 imaginaries that are disarticulating the banlieues as “deviant,” “no-go zone” to\u0000 rearticulate them “as a hunting ground for seasoned investors” (Clerima 2019)?","PeriodicalId":199048,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetics of Gentrification","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129067390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.5117/9789463722032_CH12
R. Amato
Before there is an aesthetic of gentrification, there is disinvestment. In between both is the production – and perception – of empty space ready to be filled. The production of empty space has a long history in New York City, from settler colonialism to urban renewal to gentrification under the neoliberal regime of today. Techniques such as filtering, investing in the aesthetic potential of aging neighbourhoods, and declaring vacancy, have helped fuel the process of gentrification. More recently, that process has accelerated to insure New York’s world city status by promising that every underutilized parcel will be filled with the tallest buildings, the greenest construction, and the densest use of land. Yet the city still has room for alternative visions that embrace a pause in the growth machine, such as cooperative centres and community gardens. These efforts, threatened though they are, provide models for inclusive cities where neoliberalism does not.
{"title":"On Empty Spaces, Silence, and the Pause","authors":"R. Amato","doi":"10.5117/9789463722032_CH12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5117/9789463722032_CH12","url":null,"abstract":"Before there is an aesthetic of gentrification, there is disinvestment. In\u0000 between both is the production – and perception – of empty space ready to be\u0000 filled. The production of empty space has a long history in New York City, from\u0000 settler colonialism to urban renewal to gentrification under the neoliberal\u0000 regime of today. Techniques such as filtering, investing in the aesthetic\u0000 potential of aging neighbourhoods, and declaring vacancy, have helped fuel\u0000 the process of gentrification. More recently, that process has accelerated to\u0000 insure New York’s world city status by promising that every underutilized\u0000 parcel will be filled with the tallest buildings, the greenest construction,\u0000 and the densest use of land. Yet the city still has room for alternative visions\u0000 that embrace a pause in the growth machine, such as cooperative centres\u0000 and community gardens. These efforts, threatened though they are, provide\u0000 models for inclusive cities where neoliberalism does not.","PeriodicalId":199048,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetics of Gentrification","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132592987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.5117/9789463722032_CH09
D. Wesselman
This chapter examines an aesthetic clash in the neighbourhood of Bos en Lommer in Amsterdam. One side of the street features decorated satellite dishes attached to social housing, which constitutes a battleground for otherness. Such dishes are broadly opposed in Dutch public and institutional discourse for being “ugly,” which amounts to xenophobia expressed in aesthetic terms. Opposite is a disused school building recently converted to an art-space-cum-hostel called WOW Amsterdam, a “creative incubator” that injects aesthetic difference and thereby the politics of gentrification into the area through foregrounding art, fashion and consumption. I argue that this clash shows how aesthetics are politics, and that the newly-inserted global gentrification aesthetic – following the creative incubator formula – displaces the aesthetics, and politics, of the battle for otherness across the street.
本章考察了阿姆斯特丹Bos en Lommer社区的审美冲突。街道的一侧是与社会住房相连的装饰卫星天线，这构成了一个差异性的战场。这些菜肴在荷兰的公众和机构话语中被广泛反对，因为它们“丑陋”，这相当于用美学术语表达的仇外心理。对面是一座废弃的学校建筑，最近被改造成一个名为WOW Amsterdam的艺术空间兼旅馆，这是一个“创意孵化器”，通过突出艺术、时尚和消费，将审美差异注入该地区，从而将中产阶级化的政治注入该地区。我认为，这种冲突显示了美学是如何成为政治的，而新插入的全球中产阶级化美学——遵循创造性孵化器公式——取代了街对面为他者而战的美学和政治。
{"title":"Satellite Dishes, a Creative Incubator, and the Displacement of Aesthetics in Amsterdam","authors":"D. Wesselman","doi":"10.5117/9789463722032_CH09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5117/9789463722032_CH09","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines an aesthetic clash in the neighbourhood of Bos en\u0000 Lommer in Amsterdam. One side of the street features decorated satellite\u0000 dishes attached to social housing, which constitutes a battleground\u0000 for otherness. Such dishes are broadly opposed in Dutch public and\u0000 institutional discourse for being “ugly,” which amounts to xenophobia\u0000 expressed in aesthetic terms. Opposite is a disused school building recently\u0000 converted to an art-space-cum-hostel called WOW Amsterdam, a “creative\u0000 incubator” that injects aesthetic difference and thereby the politics\u0000 of gentrification into the area through foregrounding art, fashion and\u0000 consumption. I argue that this clash shows how aesthetics are politics,\u0000 and that the newly-inserted global gentrification aesthetic – following\u0000 the creative incubator formula – displaces the aesthetics, and politics, of\u0000 the battle for otherness across the street.","PeriodicalId":199048,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetics of Gentrification","volume":"325 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115761294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.5117/9789463722032_CH06
Brandi T. Summers
This chapter tracks the contemporary convergence of hipster aesthetics with a Black cultural space that results in the aesthetic re-coding of a popular gentrified Washington, D.C. commercial corridor as a diverse neighbourhood. I examine representations of blackness and diversity and analyze how they are deployed in the pursuit of authenticity in the gentrified city. Authenticity has become an instrument through which people attach meaning to things and experiences rather than people. I argue that the tension between the polar class/race lifestyles spur attraction from young, upper-income white residents and tourists to the area. Ultimately, blackness in the marketplace must be that which sells, and that which can be easily transacted by proprietors of capital.
{"title":"Race, Authenticity, and the Gentrified Aesthetics of Belonging in Washington, D.C.","authors":"Brandi T. Summers","doi":"10.5117/9789463722032_CH06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5117/9789463722032_CH06","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter tracks the contemporary convergence of hipster aesthetics\u0000 with a Black cultural space that results in the aesthetic re-coding of a\u0000 popular gentrified Washington, D.C. commercial corridor as a diverse\u0000 neighbourhood. I examine representations of blackness and diversity\u0000 and analyze how they are deployed in the pursuit of authenticity in the\u0000 gentrified city. Authenticity has become an instrument through which\u0000 people attach meaning to things and experiences rather than people. I\u0000 argue that the tension between the polar class/race lifestyles spur attraction\u0000 from young, upper-income white residents and tourists to the area.\u0000 Ultimately, blackness in the marketplace must be that which sells, and\u0000 that which can be easily transacted by proprietors of capital.","PeriodicalId":199048,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetics of Gentrification","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115952738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.5117/9789463722032_CH02
Samuel Zipp, Jennifer Hock, N. Storring
This chapter takes the form of a discussion about the urbanist Jane Jacobs and the legacy of her work in the era of gentrification. Zipp introduces, Storring surveys Jacobs’ contributions to our thinking about gentrification, and Hock analyzes Jacobs’ “reticence” on the problem of racism in urban history. Then all three discuss the ways that Jacobs’ signature ideas – the “sidewalk ballet,” organized complexity, the “self-destruction of diversity,” and others – appear now, in a time when cities are beset by problems she predicted but only glancingly addressed.
{"title":"The Forces of Decline and Regeneration : A Discussion of Jane Jacobs and Gentrification","authors":"Samuel Zipp, Jennifer Hock, N. Storring","doi":"10.5117/9789463722032_CH02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5117/9789463722032_CH02","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter takes the form of a discussion about the urbanist Jane Jacobs\u0000 and the legacy of her work in the era of gentrification. Zipp introduces,\u0000 Storring surveys Jacobs’ contributions to our thinking about gentrification,\u0000 and Hock analyzes Jacobs’ “reticence” on the problem of racism in urban\u0000 history. Then all three discuss the ways that Jacobs’ signature ideas – the\u0000 “sidewalk ballet,” organized complexity, the “self-destruction of diversity,”\u0000 and others – appear now, in a time when cities are beset by problems she\u0000 predicted but only glancingly addressed.","PeriodicalId":199048,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetics of Gentrification","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121586372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.5117/9789463722032_CH10
Jan Lin
I examine street-level dynamics of gentrification in Northeast Los Angeles, where artists and residential pioneers who contributed to neighbourhood revitalization have subsequently been threatened with displacement by speculator-investors and corporate developers. In the “neo-bohemia” of Northeast L.A., the aesthetics of countercultural and ethnic subcultural expression have been appropriated by hipster entrepreneurs and gentrifiers. Neoliberal urban policies like public incentives for market rate housing and transit oriented development have sparked accelerated gentrification, countered by anti-gentrification movements from Latinx protestors who view art galleries and hipster aesthetics as harbingers of gentrification. The aesthetics of art and theatre are also part of the toolkit of anti-gentrification activists as they take to the streets to claim their right to the city.
{"title":"Boulevard Transition, Hipster Aesthetics, and Anti-Gentrification Struggles in Los Angeles","authors":"Jan Lin","doi":"10.5117/9789463722032_CH10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5117/9789463722032_CH10","url":null,"abstract":"I examine street-level dynamics of gentrification in Northeast Los Angeles,\u0000 where artists and residential pioneers who contributed to neighbourhood\u0000 revitalization have subsequently been threatened with displacement by\u0000 speculator-investors and corporate developers. In the “neo-bohemia” of\u0000 Northeast L.A., the aesthetics of countercultural and ethnic subcultural\u0000 expression have been appropriated by hipster entrepreneurs and gentrifiers.\u0000 Neoliberal urban policies like public incentives for market rate\u0000 housing and transit oriented development have sparked accelerated\u0000 gentrification, countered by anti-gentrification movements from Latinx\u0000 protestors who view art galleries and hipster aesthetics as harbingers\u0000 of gentrification. The aesthetics of art and theatre are also part of the\u0000 toolkit of anti-gentrification activists as they take to the streets to claim\u0000 their right to the city.","PeriodicalId":199048,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetics of Gentrification","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128404282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.5117/9789463722032_CH08
S. Newbury
Los Angeles artist Susan Silton has created a type of performance practice based on the ethical imperative of reparative witnessing. Orchestrating deeply researched opportunities for participants to engage in elective communities, her art helps individuals see their roles in historic forms of crisis accountably. Several recent pieces reflect not only on global crises perpetuated by neoliberalism and US political fallout, but on a more specific, if tricky crisis: gentrification. Tracing Silton’s own biographical relation to urban change, as well as the modes in which key works select specific sites of change as text or subtext, this article discusses the roles artists play in gentrification, as well as their potential for attending to its reparative aesthetics.
{"title":"In Residence: Witnessing and Gentrification in Susan Silton’s Los Angeles","authors":"S. Newbury","doi":"10.5117/9789463722032_CH08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5117/9789463722032_CH08","url":null,"abstract":"Los Angeles artist Susan Silton has created a type of performance practice\u0000 based on the ethical imperative of reparative witnessing. Orchestrating\u0000 deeply researched opportunities for participants to engage in elective\u0000 communities, her art helps individuals see their roles in historic forms of\u0000 crisis accountably. Several recent pieces reflect not only on global crises\u0000 perpetuated by neoliberalism and US political fallout, but on a more\u0000 specific, if tricky crisis: gentrification. Tracing Silton’s own biographical\u0000 relation to urban change, as well as the modes in which key works select\u0000 specific sites of change as text or subtext, this article discusses the roles\u0000 artists play in gentrification, as well as their potential for attending to\u0000 its reparative aesthetics.","PeriodicalId":199048,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetics of Gentrification","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115888560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.5117/9789463722032_CH04
Guillaume Sirois
This chapter considers how the practice of design takes place in a city like Montreal, where it has been widely promoted in the last decade. It focuses on designers who create everyday-life objects and, more specifically, on the visual environment that characterises the design boutiques in Montreal’s Mile End district. It shows that the aesthetics of these spaces are developed around a set of values, namely authenticity, materiality and hospitality. These aesthetics are crucial to distinguish design products and signal to potential clients that these products belong to an alternative version of the market economy. Yet, the aesthetics of these boutiques contribute to an aesthetics of gentrification, which raise questions about the local culture, the history of the neighbourhood, and its population.
{"title":"Selling Authenticity: The Aesthetics of Design Boutiques in Montreal","authors":"Guillaume Sirois","doi":"10.5117/9789463722032_CH04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5117/9789463722032_CH04","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers how the practice of design takes place in a city like\u0000 Montreal, where it has been widely promoted in the last decade. It focuses\u0000 on designers who create everyday-life objects and, more specifically, on the\u0000 visual environment that characterises the design boutiques in Montreal’s\u0000 Mile End district. It shows that the aesthetics of these spaces are developed\u0000 around a set of values, namely authenticity, materiality and hospitality.\u0000 These aesthetics are crucial to distinguish design products and signal to\u0000 potential clients that these products belong to an alternative version of\u0000 the market economy. Yet, the aesthetics of these boutiques contribute\u0000 to an aesthetics of gentrification, which raise questions about the local\u0000 culture, the history of the neighbourhood, and its population.","PeriodicalId":199048,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetics of Gentrification","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127561573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Speculative Spaces in Grand Paris:","authors":"Gillian Jein","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1hp5hpc.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1hp5hpc.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":199048,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetics of Gentrification","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125947638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Art and the Aesthetics of Cultural Gentrification:","authors":"J. Crisman","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1hp5hpc.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1hp5hpc.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":199048,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetics of Gentrification","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134518691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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