Pub Date : 2022-03-15DOI: 10.37745/ejfst.2013/vol10n31323
P. Pressman, R. Clemens, A. Hayes
In 2009, Marcia Angell, the former editor-in-chief of the New England Journal of Medicine, wrote that it was simply no longer possible to believe much of the clinical research that is published, or to rely on the judgement of trusted physicians or scientific authorities both to develop and to interpret data. We are concerned that this rather stunning indictment may increasingly describe some of the work of the regulatory agencies tasked to oversee public health, and in particular food safety. In the foregoing commentary we focus upon one recent and as yet unsettled instance involving the recommendations made by the European Food Safety Authority about food products containing Aloe vera gel and associated hydroxyanthracene (HAD) compounds. It is not our intention to suggest avenues for future research; rather, it is a call for more rigorous and precise interpretation of the best available science in support of decisions about safety. Moreover, it is our hope that the analysis of this case will illuminate the ways in which even the finest regulatory body may be prone to a significant error in a rush to judgment about novel products.
2009年，《新英格兰医学杂志》(New England Journal of Medicine)的前主编马西娅·安吉尔(Marcia Angell)写道，人们再也不可能相信已发表的大部分临床研究，也不可能依靠值得信赖的医生或科学权威的判断来开发和解释数据。我们担心，这一令人震惊的指控可能会越来越多地描述负责监督公共卫生，特别是食品安全的监管机构的一些工作。在前面的评论中，我们将重点放在最近的一个尚未解决的实例上，涉及欧洲食品安全局关于含有芦荟凝胶和相关羟基蒽(HAD)化合物的食品的建议。我们无意为未来的研究提出建议;相反，它呼吁对现有的最佳科学进行更严格、更精确的解释，以支持有关安全的决策。此外，我们希望对此案的分析能够阐明，即使是最优秀的监管机构，在急于对新产品做出判断时，也可能容易犯重大错误。
{"title":"EFSA Strikes Again: A Commentary on Flawed Analysis","authors":"P. Pressman, R. Clemens, A. Hayes","doi":"10.37745/ejfst.2013/vol10n31323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/ejfst.2013/vol10n31323","url":null,"abstract":"In 2009, Marcia Angell, the former editor-in-chief of the New England Journal of Medicine, wrote that it was simply no longer possible to believe much of the clinical research that is published, or to rely on the judgement of trusted physicians or scientific authorities both to develop and to interpret data. We are concerned that this rather stunning indictment may increasingly describe some of the work of the regulatory agencies tasked to oversee public health, and in particular food safety. In the foregoing commentary we focus upon one recent and as yet unsettled instance involving the recommendations made by the European Food Safety Authority about food products containing Aloe vera gel and associated hydroxyanthracene (HAD) compounds. It is not our intention to suggest avenues for future research; rather, it is a call for more rigorous and precise interpretation of the best available science in support of decisions about safety. Moreover, it is our hope that the analysis of this case will illuminate the ways in which even the finest regulatory body may be prone to a significant error in a rush to judgment about novel products.","PeriodicalId":199134,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Food Science and Technology","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131878234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-15DOI: 10.37745/ejfst.2013/vol10n2pp1123
Musa Emmanuel Umaru, Nalong Henry Yale, B. M. Dhikyilnan, Victoria Nendirmwa Madueke, B. D. Gurumyen, Obioma Okwuchi Chioma, S. Maiwada
The research focuses on the implications of armed herdsmen operations on human and food security in the Southern Kaduna region of Kaduna State, Nigeria. The research design for the study is a descriptive survey method; a sample of 90 respondents was drawn from the three most affected local government areas where armed herdsmen operation strives in the region. The questionnaire was used as a major instrument for the collection of primary data; in-depth interviews were also conducted by the researcher to elicit further information from respondents. Secondary data was sourced from books, journals, newspapers and online peer-reviewed materials. The routine activity theory was adopted to explain armed herdsmen activities in Southern Kaduna. Findings suggest that deaths, hospitalizations, burning of houses amongst many others were major implications on human security while burning of farmlands, kidnappings on the farm and closure of markets were amongst major implications of food security in the region. The study recommends the provision of more sophisticated detection equipment in the rural areas for early detection of arrival and settlement of armed herdsmen in the forestlands, provision of more sophisticated detection equipment and arms and ammunition to the security forces to eliminate the attacking herdsmen. The study also recommends compensation for the affected communities through government distribution of grains from the strategic reserves and re-establishment of farmlands and construction of new residential structures for the affected people.
{"title":"Criminal Armed Herdsmen Operation in Southern Kaduna, Nigeria: Implications On Human and Food Security","authors":"Musa Emmanuel Umaru, Nalong Henry Yale, B. M. Dhikyilnan, Victoria Nendirmwa Madueke, B. D. Gurumyen, Obioma Okwuchi Chioma, S. Maiwada","doi":"10.37745/ejfst.2013/vol10n2pp1123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/ejfst.2013/vol10n2pp1123","url":null,"abstract":"The research focuses on the implications of armed herdsmen operations on human and food security in the Southern Kaduna region of Kaduna State, Nigeria. The research design for the study is a descriptive survey method; a sample of 90 respondents was drawn from the three most affected local government areas where armed herdsmen operation strives in the region. The questionnaire was used as a major instrument for the collection of primary data; in-depth interviews were also conducted by the researcher to elicit further information from respondents. Secondary data was sourced from books, journals, newspapers and online peer-reviewed materials. The routine activity theory was adopted to explain armed herdsmen activities in Southern Kaduna. Findings suggest that deaths, hospitalizations, burning of houses amongst many others were major implications on human security while burning of farmlands, kidnappings on the farm and closure of markets were amongst major implications of food security in the region. The study recommends the provision of more sophisticated detection equipment in the rural areas for early detection of arrival and settlement of armed herdsmen in the forestlands, provision of more sophisticated detection equipment and arms and ammunition to the security forces to eliminate the attacking herdsmen. The study also recommends compensation for the affected communities through government distribution of grains from the strategic reserves and re-establishment of farmlands and construction of new residential structures for the affected people.","PeriodicalId":199134,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Food Science and Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124755430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-15DOI: 10.37745/ejfst.2013/vol10n2pp110
Mosharaf Hossain, A. Hannan, M. Kamal, Mohammad Abul Hossain
The study was conducted to appraise the quality of beef via detection of heavy metal contents. Twenty markets were selected randomly from the Dhaka city corporation (DCC) of Bangladesh. Beef samples were collected from the selected market of DCC by two phases during study period. In first phase, fifty beef samples were collected from ten markets by purchasing to detect the heavy metal contents i.e chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead(Pub) and arsenic (As) in this study. In second phase, another fifty samples were collected from different ten markets of DCC to detect similar metal content as did in first phase. A total of 100 meat samples was collected from the selected market and analyzed to determine the concentration of toxic metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, As) in meat samples. In first stage, except for As (P>0.05) , all other metals (Cd, Cr and Pb) collected from different markets affected significantly (P<0.01) between treatments . In second phases of experimental study, all the detected metals (Cd, Cr, Ob, As) measured in this study differed significantly (P<0.01) between treatment. It can be concluded that the quality of beef of different markets appears to be good based on the chemical evaluation, even though variation was found in the toxic metal contents of meat samples in this study. The analyzed values of toxic metals in beef samples are within the range or limits of the acceptable level, so no health hazard will create over the consumer world through after consumption of beef.
{"title":"Detection of heavy metals and evaluation of beef procured from the different market of Dhaka in Bangladesh","authors":"Mosharaf Hossain, A. Hannan, M. Kamal, Mohammad Abul Hossain","doi":"10.37745/ejfst.2013/vol10n2pp110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/ejfst.2013/vol10n2pp110","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to appraise the quality of beef via detection of heavy metal contents. Twenty markets were selected randomly from the Dhaka city corporation (DCC) of Bangladesh. Beef samples were collected from the selected market of DCC by two phases during study period. In first phase, fifty beef samples were collected from ten markets by purchasing to detect the heavy metal contents i.e chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead(Pub) and arsenic (As) in this study. In second phase, another fifty samples were collected from different ten markets of DCC to detect similar metal content as did in first phase. A total of 100 meat samples was collected from the selected market and analyzed to determine the concentration of toxic metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, As) in meat samples. In first stage, except for As (P>0.05) , all other metals (Cd, Cr and Pb) collected from different markets affected significantly (P<0.01) between treatments . In second phases of experimental study, all the detected metals (Cd, Cr, Ob, As) measured in this study differed significantly (P<0.01) between treatment. It can be concluded that the quality of beef of different markets appears to be good based on the chemical evaluation, even though variation was found in the toxic metal contents of meat samples in this study. The analyzed values of toxic metals in beef samples are within the range or limits of the acceptable level, so no health hazard will create over the consumer world through after consumption of beef.","PeriodicalId":199134,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Food Science and Technology","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115185035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-15DOI: 10.37745/ejfst.2013/vol10n2pp2434
Echebiri Udochukwu Victor, Christogonus Ifeanyichukwu Ugoh, F. Eze, I. L. Omeje, Momoh Besiru
This paper examines the proximate composition of ten commonly used seasonings (named A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J) in Nigeria. The data for this study were collected from Eke-Awka market in Anambra State as a representative of Nigeria using the simple random sampling method. The techniques of Single-factor Analysis of Variance and Kruskal-Wallis Test (One-Way ANOVA on Ranks) were employed in this study; Proximate compositions across the seasonings were tested for constant variance and normality. The findings of this study showed that the proximate compositions across the seasonings lack evidence of equality in variance and also lacks normality. Furthermore, the results from the Kruskal-Wallis test, as an alternative nonparametric to Single-factor ANOVA, showed that there is statistically significant difference between the proximate compositions across the seasonings. The Dunn Kruskal-Wallis Multiple Comparison test showed an evidence of no significant difference in the mean percentage composition of the following pairs of the proximate compositions: Ash and Fat, Carbohydrate and Fat, Ash and Moisture, Carbohydrate and Moisture, and Moisture and Protein. Thus, this study shows that there is significant difference in the proximate compositions of seasonings in Nigeria.
{"title":"Analytical Methods in Proximate Composition of Ten Commonly Used Seasonings in Nigeria","authors":"Echebiri Udochukwu Victor, Christogonus Ifeanyichukwu Ugoh, F. Eze, I. L. Omeje, Momoh Besiru","doi":"10.37745/ejfst.2013/vol10n2pp2434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/ejfst.2013/vol10n2pp2434","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the proximate composition of ten commonly used seasonings (named A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J) in Nigeria. The data for this study were collected from Eke-Awka market in Anambra State as a representative of Nigeria using the simple random sampling method. The techniques of Single-factor Analysis of Variance and Kruskal-Wallis Test (One-Way ANOVA on Ranks) were employed in this study; Proximate compositions across the seasonings were tested for constant variance and normality. The findings of this study showed that the proximate compositions across the seasonings lack evidence of equality in variance and also lacks normality. Furthermore, the results from the Kruskal-Wallis test, as an alternative nonparametric to Single-factor ANOVA, showed that there is statistically significant difference between the proximate compositions across the seasonings. The Dunn Kruskal-Wallis Multiple Comparison test showed an evidence of no significant difference in the mean percentage composition of the following pairs of the proximate compositions: Ash and Fat, Carbohydrate and Fat, Ash and Moisture, Carbohydrate and Moisture, and Moisture and Protein. Thus, this study shows that there is significant difference in the proximate compositions of seasonings in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":199134,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Food Science and Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124920905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-15DOI: 10.37745/ejfst.2013/vol10n1pp119
Štefan Čelan, A. Kesić, Nadira Ibrišimović Mehmedinović, Aida Crnkić, Almir Šestan
A well-developed immune system of the organism, which, among other things, arises as a result of a healthy lifestyle, is a prerequisite for a healthy and quality life. Natural food products, primarily honey and other bee products, greatly contribute to the proper development of the body's immune response to the harmful effects of foreign substances. Honey and other bee products are a valuable and rich source of biologically active substances. They have been used for centuries in traditional medicine, due to their wide range of antibacterial, antiradical, antioxidant and anticancer effects, as well as their supportive effect in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Consumption of honey contributes to the improvement of immunity and enriches the human diet with many valuable nutrients and bioactive substances. Bioactive substances, including polyphenols, are organic chemical compounds naturally present in honey. Polyphenols are important secondary metabolites of plants that are transferred to honey along with nectar, pollen or propolis. Several studies have confirmed the immunomodulatory role of the basic phenolic compounds present in honey. For the purpose of our research, a total of 21 samples of honey and 10 samples of alcoholic propolis extract were collected, mostly from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Based on the obtained results, it is clear that honey itself is a rich source of antioxidants in the diet, but that the addition of propolis significantly increases its antioxidant power. The addition of propolis to honey significantly increased the antioxidant activity of all analyzed samples. After the addition of propolis, the highest antioxidant activity was again shown by a sample of forest honey from the area of Bihać, Una-Sana Canton (Š5) and its antioxidant activity is 1143.96 µmol Fe (II) / L. The lowest antioxidant activity after the addition of propolis was shown by the meadow sample of honey from Sanski Most, Una-Sana Canton, (L21), 462.71 µmol Fe (II) / L.Based on the presented results, it is clear that after the addition of propolis in the analyzed honey samples there was a significant increase in the concentration of polyphenols by an average of 11.96%.
良好的机体免疫系统是健康生活方式的必然结果，也是健康高质量生活的先决条件。天然食品，主要是蜂蜜和其他蜂产品，极大地促进了身体免疫反应的适当发展，以抵御外来物质的有害影响。蜂蜜和其他蜂产品是生物活性物质的宝贵和丰富的来源。由于其广泛的抗菌、抗自由基、抗氧化和抗癌作用，以及在预防和治疗许多疾病方面的支持作用，它们已在传统医学中使用了几个世纪。食用蜂蜜有助于提高免疫力，并丰富人类饮食中许多有价值的营养物质和生物活性物质。生物活性物质，包括多酚，是天然存在于蜂蜜中的有机化合物。多酚是植物重要的次生代谢物，与花蜜、花粉或蜂胶一起转移到蜂蜜中。几项研究证实了蜂蜜中存在的碱性酚类化合物的免疫调节作用。为了我们的研究目的，总共收集了21份蜂蜜样品和10份酒精蜂胶提取物样品，主要来自波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那联邦。根据获得的结果，很明显，蜂蜜本身是饮食中抗氧化剂的丰富来源，但蜂胶的添加显着提高了其抗氧化能力。蜂胶添加到蜂蜜中显著提高了所有分析样品的抗氧化活性。添加蜂胶后，来自乌纳-萨那州bihaki地区(Š5)的森林蜂蜜样品的抗氧化活性最高，为1143.96µmol Fe (II) / l。添加蜂胶后，来自乌纳-萨那州(L21) Sanski Most地区的草地蜂蜜样品的抗氧化活性最低，为462.71µmol Fe (II) / l。很明显，在分析的蜂蜜样品中添加蜂胶后，多酚的浓度平均增加了11.96%。
{"title":"Immunomodulatory Ability of Honey Enriched with Propolis","authors":"Štefan Čelan, A. Kesić, Nadira Ibrišimović Mehmedinović, Aida Crnkić, Almir Šestan","doi":"10.37745/ejfst.2013/vol10n1pp119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/ejfst.2013/vol10n1pp119","url":null,"abstract":"A well-developed immune system of the organism, which, among other things, arises as a result of a healthy lifestyle, is a prerequisite for a healthy and quality life. Natural food products, primarily honey and other bee products, greatly contribute to the proper development of the body's immune response to the harmful effects of foreign substances. Honey and other bee products are a valuable and rich source of biologically active substances. They have been used for centuries in traditional medicine, due to their wide range of antibacterial, antiradical, antioxidant and anticancer effects, as well as their supportive effect in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Consumption of honey contributes to the improvement of immunity and enriches the human diet with many valuable nutrients and bioactive substances. Bioactive substances, including polyphenols, are organic chemical compounds naturally present in honey. Polyphenols are important secondary metabolites of plants that are transferred to honey along with nectar, pollen or propolis. Several studies have confirmed the immunomodulatory role of the basic phenolic compounds present in honey. For the purpose of our research, a total of 21 samples of honey and 10 samples of alcoholic propolis extract were collected, mostly from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Based on the obtained results, it is clear that honey itself is a rich source of antioxidants in the diet, but that the addition of propolis significantly increases its antioxidant power. The addition of propolis to honey significantly increased the antioxidant activity of all analyzed samples. After the addition of propolis, the highest antioxidant activity was again shown by a sample of forest honey from the area of Bihać, Una-Sana Canton (Š5) and its antioxidant activity is 1143.96 µmol Fe (II) / L. The lowest antioxidant activity after the addition of propolis was shown by the meadow sample of honey from Sanski Most, Una-Sana Canton, (L21), 462.71 µmol Fe (II) / L.Based on the presented results, it is clear that after the addition of propolis in the analyzed honey samples there was a significant increase in the concentration of polyphenols by an average of 11.96%.","PeriodicalId":199134,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Food Science and Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131385926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-15DOI: 10.37745/ejfst.2013/vol10n1pp2042
A. Alamene, Howells Pretty Akpoti
Experiment was conducted at the green house Niger Delta University Teaching and Research Farm, to investigate the efficacy of Super gro on the growth and yield of Fluted pumpkin Telfairia occidentalis. Treatment levels of 0mL, 5mL, 10mL and 15mL were replicated three times in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to assess on the following parameters in Centimeters (CM); vine length, number of leaves. Leaf Area in CM2, and yield at 8 weeks after planting. Readings were taking at every 2 weeks intervals ( 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks). Results revealed that supergro had significant effect (P<0.05) in all the parameters evaluated, particularly at 15mL treatments at week 8 when compared with the control. Vine length at 8WAP had (107.11cm;0mL 66.78 cm), Number of leaves ( 22.67 as against 9.98), Leaf Area cm2 32.17cm2 ; 23.36 cm2 ) and Yield kg/ha-1 (1.69 kg/ha-1 ;0.43kg/ha-1). SuperGro significantly influenced all the growth and yield parameters of fluted pumpkin Telfairia occidentalis as expressed from Turkey method of mean separation at 5% probability of significance.
{"title":"Evaluation of Sustainable Bio-Liquid Fertilizer (Supergro) on the Production of Fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis)","authors":"A. Alamene, Howells Pretty Akpoti","doi":"10.37745/ejfst.2013/vol10n1pp2042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/ejfst.2013/vol10n1pp2042","url":null,"abstract":"Experiment was conducted at the green house Niger Delta University Teaching and Research Farm, to investigate the efficacy of Super gro on the growth and yield of Fluted pumpkin Telfairia occidentalis. Treatment levels of 0mL, 5mL, 10mL and 15mL were replicated three times in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) to assess on the following parameters in Centimeters (CM); vine length, number of leaves. Leaf Area in CM2, and yield at 8 weeks after planting. Readings were taking at every 2 weeks intervals ( 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks). Results revealed that supergro had significant effect (P<0.05) in all the parameters evaluated, particularly at 15mL treatments at week 8 when compared with the control. Vine length at 8WAP had (107.11cm;0mL 66.78 cm), Number of leaves ( 22.67 as against 9.98), Leaf Area cm2 32.17cm2 ; 23.36 cm2 ) and Yield kg/ha-1 (1.69 kg/ha-1 ;0.43kg/ha-1). SuperGro significantly influenced all the growth and yield parameters of fluted pumpkin Telfairia occidentalis as expressed from Turkey method of mean separation at 5% probability of significance.","PeriodicalId":199134,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Food Science and Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133735143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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