Pub Date : 2019-01-30DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78316
I. Gargouri, M. Khadhraoui
{"title":"Metrology Organic Solvents in the Shoes Industry to Sfax City (Tunisia)","authors":"I. Gargouri, M. Khadhraoui","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78316","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19919,"journal":{"name":"Paint and Coatings Industry","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87761736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-03DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81422
Zoi Manoli, D. Pečko, Guy Van Assche, J. Stiens, A. Pourkazemi, H. Terryn
Organic coatings form an effective barrier between metals and their environment, provid- ing them protection against corrosion. Corrosion on coated metals depends mainly on the diffusion of water through the coating, the loss of adhesion at the interface between the coating and the metal (delamination), the rate of the chemical and electrochemical reac-tions under the coating and the treatment of the metal surface before the coating applica- tion. Many aggressive ions are transported toward and inside the coating through water. In organic coatings, typically, the water absorbed by the coating affects the polymer matrix structure, and it causes swelling and stresses, which may result in cracks. Swelling and cracks enhance the transport of water into the solid polymer, and concurrently the diffusion of ions. Over time also, the chemical structure of the polymer may change, adversely affecting its barrier properties and overall performance. In this chapter, we focus on methods to quantify the transport of electrolyte in organic coatings. We mark out the main characteristics, advantages and limitations of each one of them.
{"title":"Transport of Electrolyte in Organic Coatings on Metal","authors":"Zoi Manoli, D. Pečko, Guy Van Assche, J. Stiens, A. Pourkazemi, H. Terryn","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81422","url":null,"abstract":"Organic coatings form an effective barrier between metals and their environment, provid- ing them protection against corrosion. Corrosion on coated metals depends mainly on the diffusion of water through the coating, the loss of adhesion at the interface between the coating and the metal (delamination), the rate of the chemical and electrochemical reac-tions under the coating and the treatment of the metal surface before the coating applica- tion. Many aggressive ions are transported toward and inside the coating through water. In organic coatings, typically, the water absorbed by the coating affects the polymer matrix structure, and it causes swelling and stresses, which may result in cracks. Swelling and cracks enhance the transport of water into the solid polymer, and concurrently the diffusion of ions. Over time also, the chemical structure of the polymer may change, adversely affecting its barrier properties and overall performance. In this chapter, we focus on methods to quantify the transport of electrolyte in organic coatings. We mark out the main characteristics, advantages and limitations of each one of them.","PeriodicalId":19919,"journal":{"name":"Paint and Coatings Industry","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75015132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-27DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81360
S. Iacono, A. Martone, E. Amendola
Self-healing polymers are a class of smart materials able to recover after sustaining damage. A family of thermosetting epoxy resins, containing Diels-Alder (DA) adducts in the epoxy precursor backbone, has been prepared and characterized. The DA adducts can be reversibly cleaved and reformed under the appropriate thermal conditions, and this feature has been exploited to produce intrinsically self-repairing materials. This chapter focuses on the effects of different structural features, such as average number of crosslinking functionality and molecular mobility of epoxy precursors, on the efficiency of healing process. High cross-linking density and molecular stiffness improve mechanical performances, such as elastic modulus and glass transition temperature, and allow fabrication of self-healing fiber-reinforced composites by conventional manufacturing technologies. Within this chapter, the molecular design, the preparation, and the evaluation of properties of self-healing epoxy and its composites have been discussed.
{"title":"Diels-Alder Chemistry to Develop Self-Healing Epoxy Resins and Composites Thereof","authors":"S. Iacono, A. Martone, E. Amendola","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81360","url":null,"abstract":"Self-healing polymers are a class of smart materials able to recover after sustaining damage. A family of thermosetting epoxy resins, containing Diels-Alder (DA) adducts in the epoxy precursor backbone, has been prepared and characterized. The DA adducts can be reversibly cleaved and reformed under the appropriate thermal conditions, and this feature has been exploited to produce intrinsically self-repairing materials. This chapter focuses on the effects of different structural features, such as average number of crosslinking functionality and molecular mobility of epoxy precursors, on the efficiency of healing process. High cross-linking density and molecular stiffness improve mechanical performances, such as elastic modulus and glass transition temperature, and allow fabrication of self-healing fiber-reinforced composites by conventional manufacturing technologies. Within this chapter, the molecular design, the preparation, and the evaluation of properties of self-healing epoxy and its composites have been discussed.","PeriodicalId":19919,"journal":{"name":"Paint and Coatings Industry","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87101709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-16DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82168
Chunfu Chen, Bin Li, Chao Wang, S. Iwasaki, M. Kanari, D. Lu
Typical commercial UV and thermal cure epoxy adhesives have been reviewed and com- pared. UV cure cationic epoxy adhesives are primarily composed of cycloaliphatic epoxy resin and cationic photoinitiator. UV cationic epoxy adhesives have no surface cure issue and possess low cure shrinkage and good adhesion performance but need post-thermal cure to achieve full adhesion performance in use. Hybrid UV acrylate and thermal cure epoxy adhesives are primarily composed of acrylate monomer, free radical photoinitiator, epoxy resin and curing agent. The hybrid epoxy adhesives combine fast UV curability of acrylate composition and high adhesion performance of thermal cure epoxy composition. A new type initiator free hybrid one-component UV and thermal cure adhesive has been also introduced. It is mainly composed of maleimide compound, acrylic monomer, partially acrylated epoxy resin, epoxy resin and latent curing agent. Its UV cure and thermal cure behaviour have been studied by FT-IR spectroscopy measurement.
{"title":"UV and Thermal Cure Epoxy Adhesives","authors":"Chunfu Chen, Bin Li, Chao Wang, S. Iwasaki, M. Kanari, D. Lu","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.82168","url":null,"abstract":"Typical commercial UV and thermal cure epoxy adhesives have been reviewed and com- pared. UV cure cationic epoxy adhesives are primarily composed of cycloaliphatic epoxy resin and cationic photoinitiator. UV cationic epoxy adhesives have no surface cure issue and possess low cure shrinkage and good adhesion performance but need post-thermal cure to achieve full adhesion performance in use. Hybrid UV acrylate and thermal cure epoxy adhesives are primarily composed of acrylate monomer, free radical photoinitiator, epoxy resin and curing agent. The hybrid epoxy adhesives combine fast UV curability of acrylate composition and high adhesion performance of thermal cure epoxy composition. A new type initiator free hybrid one-component UV and thermal cure adhesive has been also introduced. It is mainly composed of maleimide compound, acrylic monomer, partially acrylated epoxy resin, epoxy resin and latent curing agent. Its UV cure and thermal cure behaviour have been studied by FT-IR spectroscopy measurement.","PeriodicalId":19919,"journal":{"name":"Paint and Coatings Industry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91276459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81361
L. Begrambekov, A. Grunin, N. Puntakov, YaroslavSadovskiy, Vyacheslav Р. Budaev, S. Grashin
The application of the in situ renewable protecting boron carbide (B4C) coating can prevent plasma-facing materials of plasma technology and thermonuclear devices from plasma irradiation and by this means prevents their destruction and plasma contamination by materials of their erosion. At the same time, the regimes and conditions of high adhesive deposition of B4C on tungsten and the B4C coating ability to withstand the thermal cycling and high-power density irradiation by plasma ions have not been investigated yet. The chapter considers the results of ion irradiation and thermal cycling of boron carbide coating on tungsten sample in Stand for Coating Deposition and Material Testing— CODMATT (NRNU MEPhI) and plasma irradiation during a plasma disruption in fusion device—T-10 tokamak (NRC “Kurchatov Institute”). Boron carbide coating withstands the thermal cycling and high-power density irradiation by plasma ions. It retains uniformity and adhesion to tungsten and protects it from direct plasma interaction for temperatures up to melting point of tungsten. The retaining of uniform coating in contact with tungsten substrate allows renewing the coating on its surface even after high-energy plasma loads.
原位可再生保护碳化硼(B4C)涂层的应用可以防止等离子体技术和热核器件的等离子体表面材料受到等离子体辐照，从而防止它们被材料的侵蚀破坏和等离子体污染。同时，B4C在钨表面的高粘接沉积机制和条件以及B4C涂层耐等离子体离子热循环和高功率密度辐照的能力还没有得到进一步的研究。本章考虑了离子照射和碳化硼涂层在钨样品上的热循环的结果，在涂层沉积和材料测试站- CODMATT (NRNU MEPhI)和等离子体照射在聚变装置- t -10托卡马克(NRC“库尔恰托夫研究所”)。碳化硼涂层能够承受等离子体离子的热循环和高功率密度辐照。它保持钨的均匀性和附着力，并保护它免受直接等离子体相互作用的温度高达钨的熔点。保持均匀的涂层与钨基板接触，即使在高能等离子体负载后也可以更新其表面的涂层。
{"title":"In Situ Renewable Coating of Boron Carbide (B4C) for Plasma Materials for Plasma-Technological and Fusion Devices","authors":"L. Begrambekov, A. Grunin, N. Puntakov, YaroslavSadovskiy, Vyacheslav Р. Budaev, S. Grashin","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81361","url":null,"abstract":"The application of the in situ renewable protecting boron carbide (B4C) coating can prevent plasma-facing materials of plasma technology and thermonuclear devices from plasma irradiation and by this means prevents their destruction and plasma contamination by materials of their erosion. At the same time, the regimes and conditions of high adhesive deposition of B4C on tungsten and the B4C coating ability to withstand the thermal cycling and high-power density irradiation by plasma ions have not been investigated yet. The chapter considers the results of ion irradiation and thermal cycling of boron carbide coating on tungsten sample in Stand for Coating Deposition and Material Testing— CODMATT (NRNU MEPhI) and plasma irradiation during a plasma disruption in fusion device—T-10 tokamak (NRC “Kurchatov Institute”). Boron carbide coating withstands the thermal cycling and high-power density irradiation by plasma ions. It retains uniformity and adhesion to tungsten and protects it from direct plasma interaction for temperatures up to melting point of tungsten. The retaining of uniform coating in contact with tungsten substrate allows renewing the coating on its surface even after high-energy plasma loads.","PeriodicalId":19919,"journal":{"name":"Paint and Coatings Industry","volume":"2003 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86251776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-05DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78369
J. Zych, J. Mocek
Production of medium-sized and large castings is carried out in the sand moulds. The sand moulds, which components are made of moulding sand, the binder are different kinds of materials, the most common: moulding resins (furan, alkyd, phenolic, etc.). Internal surfaces of moulds, for increased thermal resistance, are usually covered by protective coatings. Liquid foundry alloys filling sand moulds produce intense heat, especially in layers adjacent to the cast. Under such conditions, the organic binders are burned or gasified. The resulting gases can penetrate the liquid causing the formation of defects such as blow-holes, pinholes, pitted skin, etc. The greater the intensity of the secretion of gases and the greater their volume (number), the more likely defects are cre- ated in castings. An important quality criterion of foundry resins is their tendency to emit gas. The authors developed the new test method, which allows to monitor the kinetics of gas emissions from the moulding sand and foundry coatings as a function of time and temperature (thermal volumetric analysis (TVA)). A number of studies were made for moulding sand with organic binders. Description of the research methodology and the presentation of results are the subject of the article.
{"title":"Thermal Volumetric Analysis (TVA): A New Test Method of the Kinetics of Gas Emissions from Moulding Sands and Protective Coatings Heated by Liquid Alloy","authors":"J. Zych, J. Mocek","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78369","url":null,"abstract":"Production of medium-sized and large castings is carried out in the sand moulds. The sand moulds, which components are made of moulding sand, the binder are different kinds of materials, the most common: moulding resins (furan, alkyd, phenolic, etc.). Internal surfaces of moulds, for increased thermal resistance, are usually covered by protective coatings. Liquid foundry alloys filling sand moulds produce intense heat, especially in layers adjacent to the cast. Under such conditions, the organic binders are burned or gasified. The resulting gases can penetrate the liquid causing the formation of defects such as blow-holes, pinholes, pitted skin, etc. The greater the intensity of the secretion of gases and the greater their volume (number), the more likely defects are cre- ated in castings. An important quality criterion of foundry resins is their tendency to emit gas. The authors developed the new test method, which allows to monitor the kinetics of gas emissions from the moulding sand and foundry coatings as a function of time and temperature (thermal volumetric analysis (TVA)). A number of studies were made for moulding sand with organic binders. Description of the research methodology and the presentation of results are the subject of the article.","PeriodicalId":19919,"journal":{"name":"Paint and Coatings Industry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74929701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-04DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76104
Acerina Trejo-Machin, Laura Puchot, P. Verge
Polybenzoxazine (PBz) resins are a new type of high-performance synthetic resins that are attractive alternatives to traditional resins. Their properties include near-zero shrink age upon polymerization, fast evolution of mechanical properties with the conversion, glass transition temperatures much higher than curing temperatures, low water absorp tion, and excellent dielectrical and mechanical properties. The development of polyben - zoxazines has always been linked to petro-based feedstocks, but for the last 5 years, the number of studies related to bio-based benzoxazines is exploding as a consequence of the versatility of the design of the chemical structure of their monomers. Benzoxazine (Bz) monomers are subjected to cationic ring-opening polymerization (ROP), activated by a thermal treatment in the range of 160–250°C. In addition, Bz synthesis promotes the use of naturally occurring phenolic compounds instead of petroleum-based ones to develop high-performance materials from renewable resources and to fit to REACH restrictions. For this purpose, vanillin, eugenol, and cardanol are examples of bio-phenols bridged with several kinds of aromatic and aliphatic diamines. In this chapter, the synthesis and the properties of di-functional benzoxazine monomers prepared from naturally occur - ring phenolic compounds are reviewed. Symmetric and asymmetric monomers will be detailed. The last part of the chapter is dedicated to the use of bio-phenols to functional - ize polymers and to provide benzoxazine functional groups.
{"title":"Design and Synthesis of Bio-Based Benzoxazines","authors":"Acerina Trejo-Machin, Laura Puchot, P. Verge","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76104","url":null,"abstract":"Polybenzoxazine (PBz) resins are a new type of high-performance synthetic resins that are attractive alternatives to traditional resins. Their properties include near-zero shrink age upon polymerization, fast evolution of mechanical properties with the conversion, glass transition temperatures much higher than curing temperatures, low water absorp tion, and excellent dielectrical and mechanical properties. The development of polyben - zoxazines has always been linked to petro-based feedstocks, but for the last 5 years, the number of studies related to bio-based benzoxazines is exploding as a consequence of the versatility of the design of the chemical structure of their monomers. Benzoxazine (Bz) monomers are subjected to cationic ring-opening polymerization (ROP), activated by a thermal treatment in the range of 160–250°C. In addition, Bz synthesis promotes the use of naturally occurring phenolic compounds instead of petroleum-based ones to develop high-performance materials from renewable resources and to fit to REACH restrictions. For this purpose, vanillin, eugenol, and cardanol are examples of bio-phenols bridged with several kinds of aromatic and aliphatic diamines. In this chapter, the synthesis and the properties of di-functional benzoxazine monomers prepared from naturally occur - ring phenolic compounds are reviewed. Symmetric and asymmetric monomers will be detailed. The last part of the chapter is dedicated to the use of bio-phenols to functional - ize polymers and to provide benzoxazine functional groups.","PeriodicalId":19919,"journal":{"name":"Paint and Coatings Industry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83198916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：