Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7260
Julia L. Ribas, Cecília J. Veríssimo, Gunta Gutmanis, Mariana F. Andrade, Enílson G. Ribeiro, Luciana M. Katiki
ABSTRACT: In order to study alternative ways of control of Dermatobia hominis fly larvae, three processes were tested: T1, cypermethrin 5% + chlorpyrifos 7% + citronellal 0.5% (Pour on); T2, trichlorfon powder dissolved at 2% in burnt oil passed on the nodules; T3, manual larva extraction. The study was conducted at Instituto de Zootecnia in Nova Odessa, São Paulo State, Brazil. In a dairy herd of 176 animals, 29 with at least one larvae were found, distributed in the three treatments. Each treatment’s efficacy percentage was based on the number of live botflies present after 14 days. The animals were observed on days +4, +7, +14 and +21, and new botflies and abscesses were annotated. All treatments presented high effectiveness (above 98%). New botflies were already seen in the first week after applying the three treatments, and on day 21, two abscesses in each chemical treatment were observed. Larva extraction was 100% effective, with no originating abscesses, and should be encouraged in small and medium-sized properties and those with resistant botflies to chemical products.
{"title":"Control of Dermatobia hominis larvae by manual extraction is effective and does not cause abscesso","authors":"Julia L. Ribas, Cecília J. Veríssimo, Gunta Gutmanis, Mariana F. Andrade, Enílson G. Ribeiro, Luciana M. Katiki","doi":"10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7260","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: In order to study alternative ways of control of Dermatobia hominis fly larvae, three processes were tested: T1, cypermethrin 5% + chlorpyrifos 7% + citronellal 0.5% (Pour on); T2, trichlorfon powder dissolved at 2% in burnt oil passed on the nodules; T3, manual larva extraction. The study was conducted at Instituto de Zootecnia in Nova Odessa, São Paulo State, Brazil. In a dairy herd of 176 animals, 29 with at least one larvae were found, distributed in the three treatments. Each treatment’s efficacy percentage was based on the number of live botflies present after 14 days. The animals were observed on days +4, +7, +14 and +21, and new botflies and abscesses were annotated. All treatments presented high effectiveness (above 98%). New botflies were already seen in the first week after applying the three treatments, and on day 21, two abscesses in each chemical treatment were observed. Larva extraction was 100% effective, with no originating abscesses, and should be encouraged in small and medium-sized properties and those with resistant botflies to chemical products.","PeriodicalId":19991,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135611728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7331
Thalita P.P.S. Cruz, Thais O. Morgado, Karen R. Ribeiro, Luciano Nakazato, Valéria Dutra
ABSTRACT: The decline in the jaguar population confirms how much the species is vulnerable to extinction in Brazil. It also indicates the degradation of its natural habitat’s environmental integrity and quality. Studies claim that large felids are susceptible to feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and are presumptively diagnosed clinically in Brazil. A free-living jaguar (Panthera onca) cub was found unconscious and rescued due to a possible hit-and-run in the savannah of Mato Grosso. During recovery, it exhibited clinical and hematological signs consistent with FPV infection. The PCR was positive for FPV, with 99.61% identity between the FPV sequences available in the GenBank database through the BLAST tool. Due to habitat restrictions, certain diseases threaten wild cats and habitat encroachment by domestic animals can alter the pattern of spread of pathogens. We highlight the importance of the molecular diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of FPV to elucidate how it has reached wild felids.
{"title":"Detection of feline panleukopenia virus (Carnivore protoparvovirus 1) in free-ranging Panthera onca in Brazil","authors":"Thalita P.P.S. Cruz, Thais O. Morgado, Karen R. Ribeiro, Luciano Nakazato, Valéria Dutra","doi":"10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7331","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The decline in the jaguar population confirms how much the species is vulnerable to extinction in Brazil. It also indicates the degradation of its natural habitat’s environmental integrity and quality. Studies claim that large felids are susceptible to feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and are presumptively diagnosed clinically in Brazil. A free-living jaguar (Panthera onca) cub was found unconscious and rescued due to a possible hit-and-run in the savannah of Mato Grosso. During recovery, it exhibited clinical and hematological signs consistent with FPV infection. The PCR was positive for FPV, with 99.61% identity between the FPV sequences available in the GenBank database through the BLAST tool. Due to habitat restrictions, certain diseases threaten wild cats and habitat encroachment by domestic animals can alter the pattern of spread of pathogens. We highlight the importance of the molecular diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of FPV to elucidate how it has reached wild felids.","PeriodicalId":19991,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135610636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7342
Raquel A.F. Silva, Roberio G. Olinda, Luciano A. Pimentel, Lisanka Â. Maia, Maria T.S. Frade, Glaucia D. Kommers, Glauco J.N. Galiza, Antônio F.M. Dantas
ABSTRACT: This study describes the epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects of outbreaks of avian pox diagnosed in poultry associated with fungal co-infections. A retrospective study was carried out, and cases of avian pox with suspected associated fungal infection were selected. The slides were subjected to routine and special histochemical staining in cases of suspected fungal infection, in addition to performing the immunohistochemical technique. Macroscopically, there were nodular lesions with crust formation, and histologically, the lesions were characterized by hyperplasia of the spinous layer associated with multiple eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions. In seven cases, morphologically compatible structures with fungi were verified through black impregnation with GMS and strongly stained in pink with PAS. The morphotintorial aspects were suggestive of fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus sp. and Candida sp. The diagnosis of fungal co-infections was confirmed through immunohistochemistry, with positive immunostaining for fungi of the genus Aspergillus sp. (five cases) and Candida sp. (two cases). It is concluded that the occurrence of fungal co-infections secondary to the cutaneous lesions of avian pox represents a complicating factor of the disease, favoring the weakness of these animals and death. Therefore, the investigation of associated secondary agents is necessary.
{"title":"Cutaneous fungal infections secondary to avian pox in Northeast Brazil","authors":"Raquel A.F. Silva, Roberio G. Olinda, Luciano A. Pimentel, Lisanka Â. Maia, Maria T.S. Frade, Glaucia D. Kommers, Glauco J.N. Galiza, Antônio F.M. Dantas","doi":"10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7342","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: This study describes the epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects of outbreaks of avian pox diagnosed in poultry associated with fungal co-infections. A retrospective study was carried out, and cases of avian pox with suspected associated fungal infection were selected. The slides were subjected to routine and special histochemical staining in cases of suspected fungal infection, in addition to performing the immunohistochemical technique. Macroscopically, there were nodular lesions with crust formation, and histologically, the lesions were characterized by hyperplasia of the spinous layer associated with multiple eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions. In seven cases, morphologically compatible structures with fungi were verified through black impregnation with GMS and strongly stained in pink with PAS. The morphotintorial aspects were suggestive of fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus sp. and Candida sp. The diagnosis of fungal co-infections was confirmed through immunohistochemistry, with positive immunostaining for fungi of the genus Aspergillus sp. (five cases) and Candida sp. (two cases). It is concluded that the occurrence of fungal co-infections secondary to the cutaneous lesions of avian pox represents a complicating factor of the disease, favoring the weakness of these animals and death. Therefore, the investigation of associated secondary agents is necessary.","PeriodicalId":19991,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135610427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7341
Abdurrahman Takci, Mahmut Niyazi Mogulkoc, Tunahan Sancak, Mehmet Buğra Kivrak
{"title":"Determination of the causative agent of periparturient period interdigital dermatitis that adversely affects reproduction and milk production in cows by MALDI-TOF","authors":"Abdurrahman Takci, Mahmut Niyazi Mogulkoc, Tunahan Sancak, Mehmet Buğra Kivrak","doi":"10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7341","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19991,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134883460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6937
A. W. Silva, M. F. Mendonça, M. D. Freitas, Antonio L. Ribeiro Filho, R. D. Silva, P. V. Leal, L. Pimentel, T. Peixoto
ABSTRACT: Monensin is an ionophore antibiotic (IA) widely used for growth promotion and weight gain in the production of ruminants. However, it has caused intoxication in several species, including buffaloes, mainly because of the ignorance or disrespect of the recommendations for use in each animal species. The objective of this study was to describe, for the first time, clinical-epidemiological and anatomopathological data of an outbreak of accidental poisoning by monensin in buffalos and rediscuss the recommendation of the use of IA in the production of this species. The outbreak affected 21 adult buffaloes after consumption of remains from a feed formulated on the farm and whose constituents were mixed by hand. Clinical and first death signs were observed 24 hours after ingestion of this food. In general, the clinical picture was characterized by muscle weakness, tremors, difficulty in locomotion, and decubitus. Fifteen buffaloes presented clinical signs of poisoning (71.5% morbidity), followed by death (100% lethality), after acute to subacute evolution (<24h to 96h). Laboratory tests indicated elevated serum activity of creatine phosphokinase and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes. Three buffaloes underwent necropsy, and samples from several organs were collected for histopathological examination. The main injuries found were hyaline degeneration and multifocal segmental necrosis in the skeletal and cardiac striated muscles (myopathy and degenerative-necrotic multifocal multifocal-necrotic cardiopathy). The diagnosis was confirmed by the toxicological evaluation of suspected ration remains, which detected 461.67mg/kg of monensin. The death of 71.5% buffaloes in this lot occurred due to a succession of errors, which included faults in the formulation of the ration and, above all, due to the use of monensin in a highly sensitive species. Despite the possible beneficial effects of IA use as a dietary supplement for buffaloes, we are of the opinion that IAs should never be used in bubalinoculture since any increment in production does not compensate for the imminent risk of death due to a small safety margin for this species and the absence of antidotes.
{"title":"Accidental monensin poisoning in buffaloes in Bahia, Brazil","authors":"A. W. Silva, M. F. Mendonça, M. D. Freitas, Antonio L. Ribeiro Filho, R. D. Silva, P. V. Leal, L. Pimentel, T. Peixoto","doi":"10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6937","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Monensin is an ionophore antibiotic (IA) widely used for growth promotion and weight gain in the production of ruminants. However, it has caused intoxication in several species, including buffaloes, mainly because of the ignorance or disrespect of the recommendations for use in each animal species. The objective of this study was to describe, for the first time, clinical-epidemiological and anatomopathological data of an outbreak of accidental poisoning by monensin in buffalos and rediscuss the recommendation of the use of IA in the production of this species. The outbreak affected 21 adult buffaloes after consumption of remains from a feed formulated on the farm and whose constituents were mixed by hand. Clinical and first death signs were observed 24 hours after ingestion of this food. In general, the clinical picture was characterized by muscle weakness, tremors, difficulty in locomotion, and decubitus. Fifteen buffaloes presented clinical signs of poisoning (71.5% morbidity), followed by death (100% lethality), after acute to subacute evolution (<24h to 96h). Laboratory tests indicated elevated serum activity of creatine phosphokinase and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes. Three buffaloes underwent necropsy, and samples from several organs were collected for histopathological examination. The main injuries found were hyaline degeneration and multifocal segmental necrosis in the skeletal and cardiac striated muscles (myopathy and degenerative-necrotic multifocal multifocal-necrotic cardiopathy). The diagnosis was confirmed by the toxicological evaluation of suspected ration remains, which detected 461.67mg/kg of monensin. The death of 71.5% buffaloes in this lot occurred due to a succession of errors, which included faults in the formulation of the ration and, above all, due to the use of monensin in a highly sensitive species. Despite the possible beneficial effects of IA use as a dietary supplement for buffaloes, we are of the opinion that IAs should never be used in bubalinoculture since any increment in production does not compensate for the imminent risk of death due to a small safety margin for this species and the absence of antidotes.","PeriodicalId":19991,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67514147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7060
J. D. Barbosa, M. F. Brito, H. A. Bomjardim, M. D. Duarte, C. C. Barbosa, N. Silveira, C. M. Oliveira, F. M. Salvarani
ABSTRACT: This study describes, through a retrospective study, the epidemiological and clinical-pathological findings of compression in the central nervous system (CNS) of buffaloes. The study includes observations made in 15 animals from 1998 to 2021 by reviewing the clinical records of animals with compressive injuries of the CNS treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Veterinary Medicine Institute of the Federal University of Pará. The animals treated with clinical signs compatible with CNS compressive lesions were subjected to general and specific clinical examinations of the nervous system. Blood samples were collected from four animals for complete blood counts, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from three animals for physical evaluation. Thirteen animals were necropsied. The age range of the affected animals ranged from four months to 11 years of age, with a greater frequency over age 12 months (80%, 13/15). The most affected vertebral segment was between T3 and L3 (60%, 9/15), followed by brain injury (20%, 3/15), the L4-S2 segment (13.3%, 2/15) and the C1-C5 segment (6.7%, 1/15). The clinical findings varied according to the location of the lesion. The necropsy findings revealed paraypophyseal abscess in the brainstem and vertebral body, subarachnoid hematoma, lymphoma and vertebral fractures. The performance of a thorough clinical examination of the CNS combined with the necropsy findings was important to characterize the clinical picture and to locate the cause and the affected CNS segments in the buffaloes studied. It is important to include CNS compressive lesions among the neurological diseases of buffaloes.
{"title":"Compressive lesions in the central nervous system of buffaloes","authors":"J. D. Barbosa, M. F. Brito, H. A. Bomjardim, M. D. Duarte, C. C. Barbosa, N. Silveira, C. M. Oliveira, F. M. Salvarani","doi":"10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7060","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: This study describes, through a retrospective study, the epidemiological and clinical-pathological findings of compression in the central nervous system (CNS) of buffaloes. The study includes observations made in 15 animals from 1998 to 2021 by reviewing the clinical records of animals with compressive injuries of the CNS treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Veterinary Medicine Institute of the Federal University of Pará. The animals treated with clinical signs compatible with CNS compressive lesions were subjected to general and specific clinical examinations of the nervous system. Blood samples were collected from four animals for complete blood counts, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from three animals for physical evaluation. Thirteen animals were necropsied. The age range of the affected animals ranged from four months to 11 years of age, with a greater frequency over age 12 months (80%, 13/15). The most affected vertebral segment was between T3 and L3 (60%, 9/15), followed by brain injury (20%, 3/15), the L4-S2 segment (13.3%, 2/15) and the C1-C5 segment (6.7%, 1/15). The clinical findings varied according to the location of the lesion. The necropsy findings revealed paraypophyseal abscess in the brainstem and vertebral body, subarachnoid hematoma, lymphoma and vertebral fractures. The performance of a thorough clinical examination of the CNS combined with the necropsy findings was important to characterize the clinical picture and to locate the cause and the affected CNS segments in the buffaloes studied. It is important to include CNS compressive lesions among the neurological diseases of buffaloes.","PeriodicalId":19991,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7068
M. P. Lorenzett, B. Cecco, M. Bianchi, R. Cruz, D. Linhares, R. Guedes, D. Driemeier, S. Pavarini
ABSTRACT: Forty-six pigs presented muscle weakness, hind limb paresis and paralysis, weight loss, lateral recumbency, and death in a clinical course of 7 to 10 days. Two pigs were necropsied and exhibited bone fragility, bone callus formation, and multiple fractures in the limbs, ribs, and vertebrae. Microscopically, there was a diffuse and marked decrease in thickness and number of trabeculae. These were disconnected, with a “free-floating” appearance, while the cortex of the long bones was thinned, with an increase of the cortical porosity by enlargement of Haversian canals and endosteal erosion and decreased osteoblastic activity. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry in liver samples revealed significant zinc overload (>2300ppm) and copper deficiency (<33.1ppm). In this communication, we present the first pathologic description of an outbreak of osteoporosis in pigs, and we also provide a brief review of metabolic bone diseases in pigs.
{"title":"Osteoporosis in swine","authors":"M. P. Lorenzett, B. Cecco, M. Bianchi, R. Cruz, D. Linhares, R. Guedes, D. Driemeier, S. Pavarini","doi":"10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7068","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Forty-six pigs presented muscle weakness, hind limb paresis and paralysis, weight loss, lateral recumbency, and death in a clinical course of 7 to 10 days. Two pigs were necropsied and exhibited bone fragility, bone callus formation, and multiple fractures in the limbs, ribs, and vertebrae. Microscopically, there was a diffuse and marked decrease in thickness and number of trabeculae. These were disconnected, with a “free-floating” appearance, while the cortex of the long bones was thinned, with an increase of the cortical porosity by enlargement of Haversian canals and endosteal erosion and decreased osteoblastic activity. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry in liver samples revealed significant zinc overload (>2300ppm) and copper deficiency (<33.1ppm). In this communication, we present the first pathologic description of an outbreak of osteoporosis in pigs, and we also provide a brief review of metabolic bone diseases in pigs.","PeriodicalId":19991,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67516037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7047
J. R. B. Brito Junior, Y. G. Soares, M. J. R. Nascimento, J. S. Ferreira, R. C. Alves, A. Dantas, F. Riet-Correa, G. J. Galiza
ABSTRACT: Spontaneous and experimental poisoning by Tephrosia cinerea in the northeastern semiarid region of Brazil has only been described in sheep. Pathologically, such poisoning leads to ascites and centrilobular liver fibrosis. However, these effects require an experimental study in goats. This study aimed to determine the goats’ susceptibility to the ingestion of T. cinerea and the minimum toxic dose, describing the main clinical and anatomopathological findings. Poisoning was reproduced experimentally in one sheep that received 10g/kg of the ground plant and in two goats, the first receiving a dose of 5g/kg and the second receiving 10g/kg of the ground plant. The sheep presented abdominal distension 34 days after beginning the ingestion of the plant, developing sternal decubitus, breathing difficulty, opisthotonos, mandibular trismus, salivation, dysphagia, vocalization, and pedaling movements on the 50th day of the experiment. Fluid accumulation was observed in the abdominal cavity and liver via necropsy, with an irregular, slightly whitish capsular surface. Histologically, the main lesions observed in the liver were moderate fibrosis, marked sinusoidal distension, accompanied by marked hemorrhage, sometimes forming bridges between the centrilobular regions, associated with a dissociation of hepatocyte cords. There were discrete Alzheimer’s type II astrocytes in the gray matter in the region of the occipital cortex in the nervous system. Goat 2 showed apathy, drowsiness, and weight loss; on the 62th day, lateral decubitus evolved to sternal decubitus, with a rotation of the neck towards the flank. At necropsy, marked edema was observed on the face and dewlap, and a slight accumulation of liquid; slightly yellowish material was observed in the abdominal cavity. There were discrete blackened areas on the capsular surface in the liver. Histologically, the liver showed mild centrilobular fibrosis associated with mild dissociation of hepatocyte cords and mild vacuolar degeneration of the hepatocyte cytoplasm. Goat 1 showed no clinical signs; at necropsy, discrete multifocal areas were observed in the liver on the capsular surface. Histologically, diffuse intracytoplasmic vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes was detected. The clinical picture and anatomopathological findings differ between the species, proving the lower susceptibility of goats to Tephrosia cinerea ingestion (compared to sheep), with differences in the pathogenesis and epidemiological aspects of poisoning.
{"title":"Susceptibility of goats to poisoning by Tephrosia cinérea","authors":"J. R. B. Brito Junior, Y. G. Soares, M. J. R. Nascimento, J. S. Ferreira, R. C. Alves, A. Dantas, F. Riet-Correa, G. J. Galiza","doi":"10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7047","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Spontaneous and experimental poisoning by Tephrosia cinerea in the northeastern semiarid region of Brazil has only been described in sheep. Pathologically, such poisoning leads to ascites and centrilobular liver fibrosis. However, these effects require an experimental study in goats. This study aimed to determine the goats’ susceptibility to the ingestion of T. cinerea and the minimum toxic dose, describing the main clinical and anatomopathological findings. Poisoning was reproduced experimentally in one sheep that received 10g/kg of the ground plant and in two goats, the first receiving a dose of 5g/kg and the second receiving 10g/kg of the ground plant. The sheep presented abdominal distension 34 days after beginning the ingestion of the plant, developing sternal decubitus, breathing difficulty, opisthotonos, mandibular trismus, salivation, dysphagia, vocalization, and pedaling movements on the 50th day of the experiment. Fluid accumulation was observed in the abdominal cavity and liver via necropsy, with an irregular, slightly whitish capsular surface. Histologically, the main lesions observed in the liver were moderate fibrosis, marked sinusoidal distension, accompanied by marked hemorrhage, sometimes forming bridges between the centrilobular regions, associated with a dissociation of hepatocyte cords. There were discrete Alzheimer’s type II astrocytes in the gray matter in the region of the occipital cortex in the nervous system. Goat 2 showed apathy, drowsiness, and weight loss; on the 62th day, lateral decubitus evolved to sternal decubitus, with a rotation of the neck towards the flank. At necropsy, marked edema was observed on the face and dewlap, and a slight accumulation of liquid; slightly yellowish material was observed in the abdominal cavity. There were discrete blackened areas on the capsular surface in the liver. Histologically, the liver showed mild centrilobular fibrosis associated with mild dissociation of hepatocyte cords and mild vacuolar degeneration of the hepatocyte cytoplasm. Goat 1 showed no clinical signs; at necropsy, discrete multifocal areas were observed in the liver on the capsular surface. Histologically, diffuse intracytoplasmic vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes was detected. The clinical picture and anatomopathological findings differ between the species, proving the lower susceptibility of goats to Tephrosia cinerea ingestion (compared to sheep), with differences in the pathogenesis and epidemiological aspects of poisoning.","PeriodicalId":19991,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67516314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7078
M. C. Lopes, O. C. F. Freitas Neto, Camila I. Amaral, M. S. Lacerda, Clarissa S. Fonseca, N. Martins, R. Ecco
ABSTRACT: The occurrence and the frequency of hepatic changes in chickens, including broiler (BC), layer (LC) and backyard chickens (BYC) were investigated. The retrospective and prospective study (2006-2021) was conducted with a total of 300 cases of liver disorders. Industrial poultry (BC and LC) were frequently affected (88%) and noninfectious changes were the most diagnosed (69%). Considering etiology or conditions, the hepatic changes were classified as follows: degenerative changes (42%), bacterial (28%), metabolic (15%), toxic (8%), viral (3%), neoplastic (2%), protozoal diseases (1.5%) and circulatory disorders (0.5%). Regarding the type of bird, degenerative, toxic changes and viral hepatitis were more frequent in BC. Circulatory and metabolic disorders, as well as bacterial hepatitis, were more frequently diagnosed in LC. Neoplastic and protozoal hepatitis occurred more frequently in BYC. The macroscopic examination in association with histopathology enabled the diagnosis of the hepatic changes in 59% of the cases. Considering bacterial hepatitis in commercial poultry, the etiological diagnosis is highly important, in view of the risk for public health, despite the obvious importance due to the productivity losses and condemnation at processing.
{"title":"Hepatic changes in Gallus gallus domesticus in Brazil","authors":"M. C. Lopes, O. C. F. Freitas Neto, Camila I. Amaral, M. S. Lacerda, Clarissa S. Fonseca, N. Martins, R. Ecco","doi":"10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7078","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The occurrence and the frequency of hepatic changes in chickens, including broiler (BC), layer (LC) and backyard chickens (BYC) were investigated. The retrospective and prospective study (2006-2021) was conducted with a total of 300 cases of liver disorders. Industrial poultry (BC and LC) were frequently affected (88%) and noninfectious changes were the most diagnosed (69%). Considering etiology or conditions, the hepatic changes were classified as follows: degenerative changes (42%), bacterial (28%), metabolic (15%), toxic (8%), viral (3%), neoplastic (2%), protozoal diseases (1.5%) and circulatory disorders (0.5%). Regarding the type of bird, degenerative, toxic changes and viral hepatitis were more frequent in BC. Circulatory and metabolic disorders, as well as bacterial hepatitis, were more frequently diagnosed in LC. Neoplastic and protozoal hepatitis occurred more frequently in BYC. The macroscopic examination in association with histopathology enabled the diagnosis of the hepatic changes in 59% of the cases. Considering bacterial hepatitis in commercial poultry, the etiological diagnosis is highly important, in view of the risk for public health, despite the obvious importance due to the productivity losses and condemnation at processing.","PeriodicalId":19991,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67518059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6733
P. Rocha, M. E. Barros, J. T. Bandeira, Juliana Fortes Vilarinho Braga, R. S. Morais, F. A. Souza, J. Evêncio-Neto
ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the post-vaccinal reaction to two lentogenic vaccine strains of Newcatle disease virus (NDV) and a recombinant turkey herpesvirus (rHVT) vaccine expressing the fusion glycoprotein of NDV in broiler chickens through histomorphometric and histopathologic analyses of the trachea. The experiment involved 245 chicks housed in randomized blocks with three different enclosures under controlled conditions of temperature, light and ventilation. Each enclosure represented a vaccine strain and was divided into groups according to the administration route. Each block also had its own control group composed of unvaccinated birds. The vaccine strains PHY.LMV.42 (PL42) and La Sota (LS) were selected according to the Intracerebral Pathogenicity Index (ICPI) and the rHVT-NDV Serotype 3 strain (ST3) was selected for representing non-NDV infection. At two, four, seven, 14 and 21 days post vaccination, fragments from the middle third of the trachea were collected and submitted to routine histological processing. For the histomorphometric analysis, the slides were photographed, and the thickness of the tracheal mucosa was measured. Statistical analysis involved two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test with a 5% significance level. For the histopathological evaluation, lesions were described as to the degree of intensity and distribution. At four and 14 days post vaccination with the LS strain administered by the ocular route, the means of thickening of the tracheal mucosa (20.85±7.31μm and 26.97±5.50μm, respectively) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than for all other strains, which was related to the severe histopathological lesions found in this group, characterized by hyperemia, hyperplasia of the mucous glands, moderate deciliation and multifocal lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate. At 21 days, broiler chickens vaccinated with the ST3 strain showed more discrete lesions and less thickening of the tracheal mucosa (23.23±7.62μm; p<0.05) in comparison with other studied strains. The lesions found in this group were only hemorrhage, deciliation and mild focal lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate. The results of the histomorphometry and histopathology of the trachea indicated that vaccination with rHVT-NDV Serotype 3 strain induced lower degree post-vaccine tracheal lesions compared to other vaccine strains analyzed in this study.
{"title":"Tracheal post-vaccinal reaction to different strains of Newcastle disease vírus","authors":"P. Rocha, M. E. Barros, J. T. Bandeira, Juliana Fortes Vilarinho Braga, R. S. Morais, F. A. Souza, J. Evêncio-Neto","doi":"10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6733","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the post-vaccinal reaction to two lentogenic vaccine strains of Newcatle disease virus (NDV) and a recombinant turkey herpesvirus (rHVT) vaccine expressing the fusion glycoprotein of NDV in broiler chickens through histomorphometric and histopathologic analyses of the trachea. The experiment involved 245 chicks housed in randomized blocks with three different enclosures under controlled conditions of temperature, light and ventilation. Each enclosure represented a vaccine strain and was divided into groups according to the administration route. Each block also had its own control group composed of unvaccinated birds. The vaccine strains PHY.LMV.42 (PL42) and La Sota (LS) were selected according to the Intracerebral Pathogenicity Index (ICPI) and the rHVT-NDV Serotype 3 strain (ST3) was selected for representing non-NDV infection. At two, four, seven, 14 and 21 days post vaccination, fragments from the middle third of the trachea were collected and submitted to routine histological processing. For the histomorphometric analysis, the slides were photographed, and the thickness of the tracheal mucosa was measured. Statistical analysis involved two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test with a 5% significance level. For the histopathological evaluation, lesions were described as to the degree of intensity and distribution. At four and 14 days post vaccination with the LS strain administered by the ocular route, the means of thickening of the tracheal mucosa (20.85±7.31μm and 26.97±5.50μm, respectively) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than for all other strains, which was related to the severe histopathological lesions found in this group, characterized by hyperemia, hyperplasia of the mucous glands, moderate deciliation and multifocal lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate. At 21 days, broiler chickens vaccinated with the ST3 strain showed more discrete lesions and less thickening of the tracheal mucosa (23.23±7.62μm; p<0.05) in comparison with other studied strains. The lesions found in this group were only hemorrhage, deciliation and mild focal lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate. The results of the histomorphometry and histopathology of the trachea indicated that vaccination with rHVT-NDV Serotype 3 strain induced lower degree post-vaccine tracheal lesions compared to other vaccine strains analyzed in this study.","PeriodicalId":19991,"journal":{"name":"Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67512821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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