Accounts of Chemical Research最新文献

Hate crimes have severe consequences for the victims and for all members of the victim's social category. Prison programs must address the criminogenic needs of the participants, especially in this kind of crime, in order to prevent recidivism. This study seeks to understand the role of prejudice and aggression in the execution of hate crimes, in order to design effective interventions for hate crime offenders. Sociodemographic, criminological, and psychosocial variables were assessed in a sample of 33 hate crime offenders sentenced to prison or community service and in a group of 38 non-bias-motivated criminals (n = 71). The individuals convicted of hate crimes have higher reactive and proactive aggression, subtle prejudice, homophobia, and social dominance orientation. The implications of these results for the Penitentiary Administration programs will be discussed.

Metastases to the vocal cord from a distant organ are extremely rare. This case showed metastatic adenocarcinoma on the vocal cord of lung origin in a 75-year-old nonsmoking female with a history of lung adenocarcinoma surgery 2 years earlier. The vocal cord mass was surgically removed, and the biopsy confirmed metastatic adenocarcinoma of lung origin with thyroid transcription factor (TTF)-1 positivity. A further evaluation found recurrence in the lung. The patient received gefitinib. Here, we report an extremely rare case of metastatic adenocarcinoma on the vocal cord from the lung which is the first report to our knowledge.

A thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common congenital disease in the neck. There are two age groups usually associated with thyroglossal duct cysts: 1-11 years in children and 30-60 years in adults. These midline neck masses are typically located anteriorly in the neck, inferior to the hyoid bone. We report an extremely rare case of an intralaryngeal thyroglossal duct cyst without a neck mass, presenting with hoarseness as the sole symptom. A 64-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of hoarseness. On physical examination, no neck mass or swelling was observed during cervical palpation. Laryngostroboscopy revealed a large submucosal mass in the right glottis and supraglottis, and mobility of the right vocal cord was restricted. Surgery was performed via an external approach to completely resect the cyst, together with the middle part of the hyoid bone. Histopathologic examination of the cyst led to a diagnosis of thyroglossal duct cyst. The patient recovered well and his voice returned to normal. Attention should be paid to the occurrence of rare types of thyroglossal duct cyst in unusual clinical sites. Adequate radiological examinations should be performed, and reading the computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans carefully before surgery is important to avoid misdiagnosis.

With the rapid development of the polymer industry, the contradiction between synthetic polymers and the sustainable development of human society is becoming more and more prominent. The advancement of degradable plastics greatly contributes to the sustainability of our society. Synthetic polymers containing precisely placed in-chain ester groups are expected to be degradable in a controlled manner. Their potential as environmentally benign plastics is significant. For this purpose, there is a clear need for their improved performance. Incorporating sulfur functional groups into polyesters can improve the diverse crucial properties of their counterparts. However, there is a lack of related high-efficiency polymer synthesis methods.

In response to this issue, we designed a series of multicomponent polymerization methods for the synthesis of a library of degradable polyesters with tunable structure and properties. This Account summarizes our recent efforts to discover the polymerization approach. The method uses readily available monomers including diols, diamines, H₂O, diacrylates, carbonyl sulfide (COS), cyclic thioanhydrides, CO, and selenium powder. The polymerization is usually carried out under mild conditions: at 60 to 90 °C, for 2 to 12 h, using organobases as the catalysts or catalyst-free. This approach achieves the simultaneous incorporation of in-chain ester and sulfur/selenium functional groups including thiocarbonate, thioether, thioester, thiourethane, and selenoether.

The method has a wide monomer scope and yields diverse polymers with tunable structures. The obtained polyesters possess weight-average molecular weights of up to 175.4 kDa. Most of these polyesters are thermally stable, exhibiting decomposition temperatures of >200 °C. Due to the diversity of structure, these polymers demonstrate extensively tunable performance covering crystalline plastics, thermoplastic elastomers, and amorphous plastics. These polymers exhibit a wide range of glass-transition temperatures of −60 to 72 °C and a wide range of melting temperatures of 43 to 274 °C. Notably, the polymers containing long alkyl chains (number of carbon atoms ≥ 9) exhibit polyethylene-like crystallinity and mechanical properties. The in-chain thiourethane or amide groups enable enhanced thermal and mechanical properties due to the incorporation of inter/intramolecular hydrogen bonding. These polymers are also easy to degrade via alkali hydrolysis, alcohol hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, oxidation, etc. The degradation products often have well-defined structure and value-added properties and can even be directly used for repolymerization to achieve a closed-loop chemical cycle. Overall, the multicomponent polymerization presented in this Account furnishes a facile and versatile synthesis of sustainable polymers with tunable structure and properties.