Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-5-336-344
G. I. Syraeva, A. Kolbin, A. V. Matveev, V. S. Panezhina
The aim of the review article was to highlight the methodologies for assessing the financial costs of adverse drug reactions exemplified by the Russian Federation and Brazil.Materials and methods: for a comparative analysis, materials from open sources were used. The study of the experience of methods used for assessing the burden of adverse drug reactions, was carried out using the system for calculating payments for medical care by clinical-statistical and clinical-profile groups, the methodology for assessing the severity of adverse events of the US National Cancer Institute, drug-associated problems, and “the decision tree” model.Results. When comparing the costs of ADR management in the Russian Federation and Brazil, the following results have been obtained: in the Russian Federation, the “cost” of reaction can be estimated only for a limited number of nosological groups that are regulated by the classification of diseases by clinical and statistical groups; in Brazil, when predicting the costs of adverse reactions management, the combination of “the decision tree” method and the Delphi method is used. In the Russian Federation, the cost of the 3rd and above severity adverse event (according to CTCAE v. 4.03), varies from 26,849.22 up to 26,196.37 RUB in the North-West region (St. Petersburg). In Brazil, the cost of ADR ranges from 13 USD (the best scenario for the patient) to 574 USD (the worst scenario for the patient), which is about 975 and 43,000 RUB, respectively. The introduction of methods that make it possible to predict the development and potential outcomes of adverse drug reactions, as well as taking into account the experiences of foreign colleagues in their modeling, will reduce economic costs in the Russian Federation at the federal level.Conclusion: for the economic value analysis and further forecasting, an improvement of existing methodologies is required. The models used in the Russian Federation (“the decision tree”, classification of diseases by clinical groups, Markov model) do not take into account the time factor, therefore, when planning the analysis of potential costs for adverse reactions, it is necessary to reinforce the methods with such tools as QALY, YLL, and YLD.
这篇审查文章的目的是强调以俄罗斯联邦和巴西为例的评估药物不良反应财务成本的方法。材料和方法:为了进行比较分析，我们使用了公开来源的材料。对评估药物不良反应负担方法的经验进行研究，使用临床统计组和临床概况组计算医疗保健费用的系统、美国国家癌症研究所评估不良事件严重程度的方法、药物相关问题和“决策树”模型。在比较俄罗斯联邦和巴西的不良反应管理成本时，得到了以下结果:在俄罗斯联邦，只能对有限数量的病种组进行反应“成本”估计，这些病种组由临床和统计组对疾病进行分类;巴西在预测不良反应管理成本时，采用了“决策树”法和德尔菲法相结合的方法。在俄罗斯联邦，第三次及以上严重不良事件的费用(根据CTCAE v. 4.03)在西北地区(圣彼得堡)从26,849.22卢布到26,196.37卢布不等。在巴西，药品不良反应的成本从13美元(对患者最好的情况)到574美元(对患者最坏的情况)不等，分别约为975和43,000卢布。采用能够预测药物不良反应的发展和潜在后果的方法，并在建模时考虑到外国同行的经验，将在联邦一级降低俄罗斯联邦的经济成本。结论:为了经济价值分析和进一步预测，需要改进现有的方法。俄罗斯联邦使用的模型(“决策树”、按临床分组进行疾病分类、马尔可夫模型)没有考虑到时间因素，因此，在规划不良反应潜在成本分析时，有必要使用QALY、YLL和YLD等工具来加强方法。
{"title":"COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF METHODOLOGIES FOR ESTIMATING THE COST OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND BRAZIL","authors":"G. I. Syraeva, A. Kolbin, A. V. Matveev, V. S. Panezhina","doi":"10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-5-336-344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-5-336-344","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the review article was to highlight the methodologies for assessing the financial costs of adverse drug reactions exemplified by the Russian Federation and Brazil.Materials and methods: for a comparative analysis, materials from open sources were used. The study of the experience of methods used for assessing the burden of adverse drug reactions, was carried out using the system for calculating payments for medical care by clinical-statistical and clinical-profile groups, the methodology for assessing the severity of adverse events of the US National Cancer Institute, drug-associated problems, and “the decision tree” model.Results. When comparing the costs of ADR management in the Russian Federation and Brazil, the following results have been obtained: in the Russian Federation, the “cost” of reaction can be estimated only for a limited number of nosological groups that are regulated by the classification of diseases by clinical and statistical groups; in Brazil, when predicting the costs of adverse reactions management, the combination of “the decision tree” method and the Delphi method is used. In the Russian Federation, the cost of the 3rd and above severity adverse event (according to CTCAE v. 4.03), varies from 26,849.22 up to 26,196.37 RUB in the North-West region (St. Petersburg). In Brazil, the cost of ADR ranges from 13 USD (the best scenario for the patient) to 574 USD (the worst scenario for the patient), which is about 975 and 43,000 RUB, respectively. The introduction of methods that make it possible to predict the development and potential outcomes of adverse drug reactions, as well as taking into account the experiences of foreign colleagues in their modeling, will reduce economic costs in the Russian Federation at the federal level.Conclusion: for the economic value analysis and further forecasting, an improvement of existing methodologies is required. The models used in the Russian Federation (“the decision tree”, classification of diseases by clinical groups, Markov model) do not take into account the time factor, therefore, when planning the analysis of potential costs for adverse reactions, it is necessary to reinforce the methods with such tools as QALY, YLL, and YLD.","PeriodicalId":20025,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88630321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-5-362-376
A. Kashirina, Z. Aladysheva, N. Pyatigorskaya, V. Belyaev, V. Beregovykh
The aim of the research was to study the current industrial practice of drug quality risk management in Russian pharmaceutical enterprises, including the assessment of the main problems during the implementation of the risk management system and its compliance with the accepted international approaches.Materials and methods. In the period from 6 April to 10 May 2020, an online survey of the leading employees in the field of quality assurance of Russian manufacturers was conducted. In the survey, the questionnaire was based on the results of the authors’ analysis of the national regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, the European Union countries, international guidelines of the EAEU, ICH and WHO in this area. 111 people took part in the survey, the return of questionnaires was 11.5%.Results. The data obtained indicate the prevalence of a superficial approach to quality risk management in the Russian pharmaceutical industry, the presence of objective and subjective reasons that hinder the effective implementation of these methods, the fragmentation of the systems used and, in most cases, their ineffective use. The respondents believe that the most significant reasons for the difficulties in implementing this methodology, are the lack of recommendations from the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia on creating an effective quality risk management system and a shortage of the specialists who are ready to work in the area of this industry. The survey revealed rather large gaps in the deployment of a risk management system at the enterprise and separation from the established international practice.Conclusions. The data obtained indicate the extreme urgency of developing recommendations for a quality risk management system, which should be based upon and supported by Russian regulatory legal acts and international experience in this area. The authors propose highlights for these recommendations.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF INDUSTRIAL PRACTICE OF DRUG QUALITY RISK MANAGEMENT IN RUSSIAN PHARMACEUTICAL ENTERPRISES","authors":"A. Kashirina, Z. Aladysheva, N. Pyatigorskaya, V. Belyaev, V. Beregovykh","doi":"10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-5-362-376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-5-362-376","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research was to study the current industrial practice of drug quality risk management in Russian pharmaceutical enterprises, including the assessment of the main problems during the implementation of the risk management system and its compliance with the accepted international approaches.Materials and methods. In the period from 6 April to 10 May 2020, an online survey of the leading employees in the field of quality assurance of Russian manufacturers was conducted. In the survey, the questionnaire was based on the results of the authors’ analysis of the national regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, the European Union countries, international guidelines of the EAEU, ICH and WHO in this area. 111 people took part in the survey, the return of questionnaires was 11.5%.Results. The data obtained indicate the prevalence of a superficial approach to quality risk management in the Russian pharmaceutical industry, the presence of objective and subjective reasons that hinder the effective implementation of these methods, the fragmentation of the systems used and, in most cases, their ineffective use. The respondents believe that the most significant reasons for the difficulties in implementing this methodology, are the lack of recommendations from the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia on creating an effective quality risk management system and a shortage of the specialists who are ready to work in the area of this industry. The survey revealed rather large gaps in the deployment of a risk management system at the enterprise and separation from the established international practice.Conclusions. The data obtained indicate the extreme urgency of developing recommendations for a quality risk management system, which should be based upon and supported by Russian regulatory legal acts and international experience in this area. The authors propose highlights for these recommendations.","PeriodicalId":20025,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology","volume":"29 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89099095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-5-354-361
V. A. Izrafilova, S. N. Egorova, G. Garifullina, T. Akhmetova
Cure of allergy symptoms reported by a patient with the help of non-prescription antiallergic drugs, is one of the important aspects of a responsible self-medication.The aim of the study is to assess the peculiarities of consumers’ behavior as pharmacy visitors, when choosing non-prescription antiallergic drugs, and to identify potential problems of pharmaceutical counseling for allergy symptoms regarding the responsible self-medication.Materials and methods. Sociological survey in the form of a questionnaire; graphoanalytical and comparative analyses.Results. The profile of an over-the-counter antiallergic drugs buyer in the pharmacies of Kazan was assessed in the following way: it is a woman aged 18–44 of a middle level of income, having a family of 3–4 people, ready to spend from 101 to 500 rubles on the purchase of antiallergic drugs, buying anti-allergic drugs not for the first time. The main reasons to seek for treatment were skin rash, redness and itching, which had also been observed in the past. The allergic nature of the disease had already been confirmed by the doctor. For the average consumer of over-the-counter antiallergic drugs, the most important criteria for choosing a medicine were: efficiency, safety, the doctor’s recommendations and price. The medicines were purchased for the visitors themselves or their children. The customers were satisfied with the choice of non-prescription antiallergic medicines available in the pharmacy. The visitors generally trusted the pharmacists’ advice and recognized them as health professionals, but considered that the main goal was not only to provide a pharmaceutical care, but also to profit from the sale of the drugs. The following flaws of pharmaceutical counseling when dispensing non-prescription antiallergic drugs, were identified: an improper diagnosis by a pharmaceutical specialist, the lack of recommendations to consult a doctor, incomplete provision of information on the use, storage, and the possibility of interaction with other drugs and food.Conclusion. Misdiagnosis and incomplete provision of information by pharmaceutical specialists on antiallergic the drugs that are approved for the over-the-counter dispensing, require the implementation of a pharmaceutical consultation algorithm for the visitors contacting a pharmacy with allergy symptoms.
{"title":"PROBLEMS OF RESPONSIBLE SELF-MEDICATION OF ALLERGY SYMPTOMS AND FARMACEUTICAL COUNSELING","authors":"V. A. Izrafilova, S. N. Egorova, G. Garifullina, T. Akhmetova","doi":"10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-5-354-361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-5-354-361","url":null,"abstract":"Cure of allergy symptoms reported by a patient with the help of non-prescription antiallergic drugs, is one of the important aspects of a responsible self-medication.The aim of the study is to assess the peculiarities of consumers’ behavior as pharmacy visitors, when choosing non-prescription antiallergic drugs, and to identify potential problems of pharmaceutical counseling for allergy symptoms regarding the responsible self-medication.Materials and methods. Sociological survey in the form of a questionnaire; graphoanalytical and comparative analyses.Results. The profile of an over-the-counter antiallergic drugs buyer in the pharmacies of Kazan was assessed in the following way: it is a woman aged 18–44 of a middle level of income, having a family of 3–4 people, ready to spend from 101 to 500 rubles on the purchase of antiallergic drugs, buying anti-allergic drugs not for the first time. The main reasons to seek for treatment were skin rash, redness and itching, which had also been observed in the past. The allergic nature of the disease had already been confirmed by the doctor. For the average consumer of over-the-counter antiallergic drugs, the most important criteria for choosing a medicine were: efficiency, safety, the doctor’s recommendations and price. The medicines were purchased for the visitors themselves or their children. The customers were satisfied with the choice of non-prescription antiallergic medicines available in the pharmacy. The visitors generally trusted the pharmacists’ advice and recognized them as health professionals, but considered that the main goal was not only to provide a pharmaceutical care, but also to profit from the sale of the drugs. The following flaws of pharmaceutical counseling when dispensing non-prescription antiallergic drugs, were identified: an improper diagnosis by a pharmaceutical specialist, the lack of recommendations to consult a doctor, incomplete provision of information on the use, storage, and the possibility of interaction with other drugs and food.Conclusion. Misdiagnosis and incomplete provision of information by pharmaceutical specialists on antiallergic the drugs that are approved for the over-the-counter dispensing, require the implementation of a pharmaceutical consultation algorithm for the visitors contacting a pharmacy with allergy symptoms.","PeriodicalId":20025,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86465560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-3-169-180
Pavel D. Kolesnichenko, O. V. Scheblykina, N. I. Nesterova, D. V. Scheblykin, A. Nesterov, M. Pokrovskiy, M. A. Zhuchenko, A. Tverskoy, K. Reznikov
The correction of free radical oxidation processes is one of the most promising strategies of neuroprotection in acute cerebrovascular disorders.The aim of the study is an experimental study of the neuroprotective effects of 3-hydroxypyridine and erythropoietin derivatives, as well as their combined use.Materials and methods. The study was performed on 109 male Wistar rats. The neuroprotective effect of the substances was studied on a hemorrhagic stroke model. The study drugs were administered to the animals intraperitoneally. Carbamylated darbepoetin was administered three times in advance at the dose of 100 µg/kg within intervals of 3 days, the last injection took place 1 hour before the operation (the total dose was 300 mg/kg). Etoxidol was administered once 1 hour before the surgery at the dose of 50 mg/kg. The survival rate, behavioral features and the state of the animals on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days were recorded, and the morphological assessment of the brain was carried out.Results. The investigated substances had a positive effect on both the survival rate of the animals during the first day and on the 14th day. The best survival rates on the 14th day were recorded in the group of a combined use of ethoxydol and carbamylated darbepoetin (75%). Thus, in this group of rats, a faster recovery of neurological disorders was already distinguished from the first day on. By the 7th day, more than 50% of the rats receiving the combination of the studied drugs, had had a slight neurological deficit (up to 3 points on the McGrow scale); by the 14th day there had been only minor changes in the neurological status in the rats of this group. A pronounced neuroprotective effect of the combination of 3-hydroxypyridine and erythropoietin derivatives has been confirmed by a histological examination of brain slices – a more rapid decrease in the size of perifocal edema and microcirculation disorders, less damage to neurons and glial elements, and faster processes of resorption and organization of hemorrhage. A macroscopic examination of the brain sections stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride of the dying rats, showed that perifocal necrosis had been the main cause of high mortality in the control group after the 3rd day.Conclusion. As a result of the experiment, the nephroprotective effect of the studied derivatives of 3-hydroxypyridine and erythropoietin has been proved. Moreover, the combination of these drugs has shown a greater neuroprotective activity than their isolated use. The additive effect of these drugs was due to their action mechanism resulting from the synergism of various structures and components of the cells.
{"title":"ADDITIVE NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF 3-HYDROXYPYRIDINE DERIVATIVES AND HUMAN ERYTHROPOETIN ANALOGUE ON A HEMORRHAGIC STROKE MODEL IN RATS","authors":"Pavel D. Kolesnichenko, O. V. Scheblykina, N. I. Nesterova, D. V. Scheblykin, A. Nesterov, M. Pokrovskiy, M. A. Zhuchenko, A. Tverskoy, K. Reznikov","doi":"10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-3-169-180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-3-169-180","url":null,"abstract":"The correction of free radical oxidation processes is one of the most promising strategies of neuroprotection in acute cerebrovascular disorders.The aim of the study is an experimental study of the neuroprotective effects of 3-hydroxypyridine and erythropoietin derivatives, as well as their combined use.Materials and methods. The study was performed on 109 male Wistar rats. The neuroprotective effect of the substances was studied on a hemorrhagic stroke model. The study drugs were administered to the animals intraperitoneally. Carbamylated darbepoetin was administered three times in advance at the dose of 100 µg/kg within intervals of 3 days, the last injection took place 1 hour before the operation (the total dose was 300 mg/kg). Etoxidol was administered once 1 hour before the surgery at the dose of 50 mg/kg. The survival rate, behavioral features and the state of the animals on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days were recorded, and the morphological assessment of the brain was carried out.Results. The investigated substances had a positive effect on both the survival rate of the animals during the first day and on the 14th day. The best survival rates on the 14th day were recorded in the group of a combined use of ethoxydol and carbamylated darbepoetin (75%). Thus, in this group of rats, a faster recovery of neurological disorders was already distinguished from the first day on. By the 7th day, more than 50% of the rats receiving the combination of the studied drugs, had had a slight neurological deficit (up to 3 points on the McGrow scale); by the 14th day there had been only minor changes in the neurological status in the rats of this group. A pronounced neuroprotective effect of the combination of 3-hydroxypyridine and erythropoietin derivatives has been confirmed by a histological examination of brain slices – a more rapid decrease in the size of perifocal edema and microcirculation disorders, less damage to neurons and glial elements, and faster processes of resorption and organization of hemorrhage. A macroscopic examination of the brain sections stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride of the dying rats, showed that perifocal necrosis had been the main cause of high mortality in the control group after the 3rd day.Conclusion. As a result of the experiment, the nephroprotective effect of the studied derivatives of 3-hydroxypyridine and erythropoietin has been proved. Moreover, the combination of these drugs has shown a greater neuroprotective activity than their isolated use. The additive effect of these drugs was due to their action mechanism resulting from the synergism of various structures and components of the cells.","PeriodicalId":20025,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80981612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-3-205-218
M.A.E. El Moussawi, Zh. V. Mironenkova, S. Z. Umarov, O. Knysh, O. D. Nemyatykh
The objective of the research was to conduct a comparative analysis of the development of Lebanon based on a number of demographic, economic and social indicators characterizing the health care of Lebanon, and to determine the prospects for the cooperation with the Russian Federation (RF) in the pharmacy field.Materials and methods. The studies were conducted from 2009 to 2016. The objects were the statistical data accumulated on the basis of the data from national institutions and international organizations. These data were published annually in the reports of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the United Nations Population Division for 11 countries in the Middle East: Bahrain, Jordan, Yemen, Kuwait, Lebanon, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Saudi Arabia (Asian countries); Egypt, Sudan, Tunisia (North African countries). The research methods were: a comparative analysis, analytical grouping of data, ranking.Results. A comparative analysis of demographic, economic and social indicators revealed that low mortality rates and high life expectancy in Lebanon were achieved both due to a satisfactory level of health care financing (Rank 5) and due to the adoption of adequate decisions in organizing and managing the Lebanese health care system. The positive trends that were inherent in the Lebanese health care system in previous decades continued to operate within the framework of earlier inertia, while migration flows intensified. However, there has been a slowdown in the decline in infant mortality in the dynamics of growth rates, which is a signal of the emergence of negative processes in the social sphere of the country.Conclusion. The current situation in the Lebanese health care system, associated with limited financial resources, poses new challenges in the search for managerial decisions in the field of organizational management. The import of drugs from the Russian Federation will provide a significant reduction in the financial costs of providing the population of Lebanon and migrants with medicines which will increase the monetary costs of providing medical care.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEBANON DEVELOPMENT. PROSPECTS FOR COOPERATION WITH THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION","authors":"M.A.E. El Moussawi, Zh. V. Mironenkova, S. Z. Umarov, O. Knysh, O. D. Nemyatykh","doi":"10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-3-205-218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-3-205-218","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the research was to conduct a comparative analysis of the development of Lebanon based on a number of demographic, economic and social indicators characterizing the health care of Lebanon, and to determine the prospects for the cooperation with the Russian Federation (RF) in the pharmacy field.Materials and methods. The studies were conducted from 2009 to 2016. The objects were the statistical data accumulated on the basis of the data from national institutions and international organizations. These data were published annually in the reports of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, the United Nations Population Division for 11 countries in the Middle East: Bahrain, Jordan, Yemen, Kuwait, Lebanon, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Saudi Arabia (Asian countries); Egypt, Sudan, Tunisia (North African countries). The research methods were: a comparative analysis, analytical grouping of data, ranking.Results. A comparative analysis of demographic, economic and social indicators revealed that low mortality rates and high life expectancy in Lebanon were achieved both due to a satisfactory level of health care financing (Rank 5) and due to the adoption of adequate decisions in organizing and managing the Lebanese health care system. The positive trends that were inherent in the Lebanese health care system in previous decades continued to operate within the framework of earlier inertia, while migration flows intensified. However, there has been a slowdown in the decline in infant mortality in the dynamics of growth rates, which is a signal of the emergence of negative processes in the social sphere of the country.Conclusion. The current situation in the Lebanese health care system, associated with limited financial resources, poses new challenges in the search for managerial decisions in the field of organizational management. The import of drugs from the Russian Federation will provide a significant reduction in the financial costs of providing the population of Lebanon and migrants with medicines which will increase the monetary costs of providing medical care. ","PeriodicalId":20025,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86249396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-3-195-204
I. Kirshchina, A. Soloninina, V. N. Michailova
Public health protection is the most important law of the development of a civilized society. As participants in the health care system, pharmaceutical specialists must take upon themselves certain preventive tasks aimed at strengthening and maintaining the health of the population.The aim of the work was to substantiate and develop a methodology for implementing the professional role of pharmaceutical specialists in public health protection.Materials and methods. The search for information was carried out using the methods of address, thematic and factual search in the Scopus, The Cochrane Library, Pubmed, eLibrary databases. The analyzed body of information included systematic reviews, retrospective and randomized studies, and other applied developments on the topic of publication. The depth of the bibliographic search for scientific publications is about 20 years (2000-2019). The following keywords were used for the search: “a pharmacist in health protection”, “prevention of adverse drug reactions”, “functions of a pharmacist”, “pharmaceutical care”, “sanitary competence”, “a pharmacist’s role in the prevention of diseases”, “pharmacy services”, “patient compliance”, “collaboration in health care”, etc.Results. On the basis of the analysis, the demand for pharmacists in the health protection activities has been substantiated, the scientific and applied methodology of using pharmaceutical knowledge in the protection of public health has been updated and the necessary professional competencies (PC) of a pharmacist have been proposed for their implementation. The relevance of the preventive approach in the implementation of information and consultancy activities of a pharmacist has been substantiated, the essence of which is to prevent undesirable events associated with the use of medicinal preparations (MPs) and preventive health care in the society. The proposed methodology is based on the concept of “a pharmaceutical vigilance”, the practical implementation of which is proposed in the publication. The need for pharmacists to perform certain professional functions aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of the population has been updated, the functions have been proposed and the list of possible pharmaceutical services for the practical implementation of the proposed functions in the health care system has been provided.Conclusion. The following pharmaceutical services have been identified as relevant: pharmaceutical enlightenment of the population, patient-oriented pharmaceutical counseling and patronage of patients, pharmaceutical informing of medical specialists about drugs and social prevention of the problems affecting the public health. The definitions of pharmaceutical services have been specified, the methodology for providing the services has been substantiated, the efficiency of their provision has been updated and the professional competencies of pharmacists for their implementation in practical healthcare have been formed.
{"title":"CONCEPTUALLY-THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION AND UPDATING OF THE PREVENTIVE APPROACH IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A PHARMACIST’S INFORMATION CONSULTANCY SERVICES IN THE PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM","authors":"I. Kirshchina, A. Soloninina, V. N. Michailova","doi":"10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-3-195-204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-3-195-204","url":null,"abstract":"Public health protection is the most important law of the development of a civilized society. As participants in the health care system, pharmaceutical specialists must take upon themselves certain preventive tasks aimed at strengthening and maintaining the health of the population.The aim of the work was to substantiate and develop a methodology for implementing the professional role of pharmaceutical specialists in public health protection.Materials and methods. The search for information was carried out using the methods of address, thematic and factual search in the Scopus, The Cochrane Library, Pubmed, eLibrary databases. The analyzed body of information included systematic reviews, retrospective and randomized studies, and other applied developments on the topic of publication. The depth of the bibliographic search for scientific publications is about 20 years (2000-2019). The following keywords were used for the search: “a pharmacist in health protection”, “prevention of adverse drug reactions”, “functions of a pharmacist”, “pharmaceutical care”, “sanitary competence”, “a pharmacist’s role in the prevention of diseases”, “pharmacy services”, “patient compliance”, “collaboration in health care”, etc.Results. On the basis of the analysis, the demand for pharmacists in the health protection activities has been substantiated, the scientific and applied methodology of using pharmaceutical knowledge in the protection of public health has been updated and the necessary professional competencies (PC) of a pharmacist have been proposed for their implementation. The relevance of the preventive approach in the implementation of information and consultancy activities of a pharmacist has been substantiated, the essence of which is to prevent undesirable events associated with the use of medicinal preparations (MPs) and preventive health care in the society. The proposed methodology is based on the concept of “a pharmaceutical vigilance”, the practical implementation of which is proposed in the publication. The need for pharmacists to perform certain professional functions aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of the population has been updated, the functions have been proposed and the list of possible pharmaceutical services for the practical implementation of the proposed functions in the health care system has been provided.Conclusion. The following pharmaceutical services have been identified as relevant: pharmaceutical enlightenment of the population, patient-oriented pharmaceutical counseling and patronage of patients, pharmaceutical informing of medical specialists about drugs and social prevention of the problems affecting the public health. The definitions of pharmaceutical services have been specified, the methodology for providing the services has been substantiated, the efficiency of their provision has been updated and the professional competencies of pharmacists for their implementation in practical healthcare have been formed.","PeriodicalId":20025,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85548845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-3-160-168
E. B. Belan, E. M. Nikiforova, T. E. Zayachnikova, L. N. Shishimorov, O. V. Magnitskaya
The aim of the study is to research the effects of immunostimulant Ribomunyl in virus-induced bronchial asthma (VBA) children.Materials and methods. 14 virus-induced bronchial asthma (VBA) children were agministrated with immunostimulant Ribomunyl as a part of complex therapy in a 18-month trial (3 cycles of treatment). The comparison group consisted of 16 patients who received only standard therapy for bronchial asthma. At the end of the study, against the background of basic BA therapy, the following parameters were estimated: the frequency of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), the need for antibacterial therapy, the frequency of IgG to respiratory-syncytial virus (RSV) prevalence, the serum level dynamics of total IgE, IFN-γ, interleukin-4 (IL-4), interferon gamma (IFN-γ).Results. The inclusion of Ribomunyl into the basic therapy complex in virus-induced bronchial asthma (VBA) children, made it possible to reduce the need for the VBA basic therapy complex by 50% and by 12,5% (р=0,0279). At the same time, as for the frequency of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), there was a comparable decrease in both groups, but in the main group the number of cases requiring antibiotic therapy decreased from 78.6% to 42.9% (p=0.0199). The inclusion of Ribomunyl into the basic therapy complex resulted in the decrease of the total IgE serum level; in the patients with the initial presence of IgG to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the IL-4 level decreased and the IFN-γ level increased.Conclusion. Ribomunyl improves the treatment of virus-induced bronchial asthma (VBA) children, herewith the dynamics of immunological indicators is more in RSV-seropositive patients.
{"title":"CLINICAL-IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF RIBOMUNYL IN CHILDREN WITH VIRUS-INDUCED BRONCHIAL ASTHMA","authors":"E. B. Belan, E. M. Nikiforova, T. E. Zayachnikova, L. N. Shishimorov, O. V. Magnitskaya","doi":"10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-3-160-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-3-160-168","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to research the effects of immunostimulant Ribomunyl in virus-induced bronchial asthma (VBA) children.Materials and methods. 14 virus-induced bronchial asthma (VBA) children were agministrated with immunostimulant Ribomunyl as a part of complex therapy in a 18-month trial (3 cycles of treatment). The comparison group consisted of 16 patients who received only standard therapy for bronchial asthma. At the end of the study, against the background of basic BA therapy, the following parameters were estimated: the frequency of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), the need for antibacterial therapy, the frequency of IgG to respiratory-syncytial virus (RSV) prevalence, the serum level dynamics of total IgE, IFN-γ, interleukin-4 (IL-4), interferon gamma (IFN-γ).Results. The inclusion of Ribomunyl into the basic therapy complex in virus-induced bronchial asthma (VBA) children, made it possible to reduce the need for the VBA basic therapy complex by 50% and by 12,5% (р=0,0279). At the same time, as for the frequency of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), there was a comparable decrease in both groups, but in the main group the number of cases requiring antibiotic therapy decreased from 78.6% to 42.9% (p=0.0199). The inclusion of Ribomunyl into the basic therapy complex resulted in the decrease of the total IgE serum level; in the patients with the initial presence of IgG to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the IL-4 level decreased and the IFN-γ level increased.Conclusion. Ribomunyl improves the treatment of virus-induced bronchial asthma (VBA) children, herewith the dynamics of immunological indicators is more in RSV-seropositive patients.","PeriodicalId":20025,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91219570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-3-150-159
L. Balykova, V. Pavelkina, N. V. Shmyreva, N. Pyataev, N. Selezneva, O. Shepeleva, R. Z. Almyasheva
The aim of the study is to assess the efficacy and safety of the Favipiravir (Areplivir) drug, compared to the standard etiotropic therapy in the patients hospitalized with COVID-19.Material and methods. The research was conducted as a part of an open, randomized, multicenter comparative study of the efficacy and safety of Areplivir, 200 mg film-coated tablets (“PROMOMED RUS” LLC, Russia), in the patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The dosing regimen of Favipiravir was 1600 mg twice a day on the 1st day and 600 mg twice a day on days 2–14. Thirty nine patients were enrolled into the study with a laboratory-established diagnosis of a new type of Coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (confirmed) of moderate severity, with pneumonia. The group of comparison (22 patients) received standard etiotropic therapy, prescribed in accordance with the current version of the temporary guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, represented mainly by Hydroxychloroquine with the dosage regimen of 800 mg on the 1st day, then 400 mg on days 2–7, and Azithromycin 500 mg once a day for 5 days. The main group (17 patients) received Favipiravir (Areplivir) as etiotropiс therapy.Results. In the main group, the time period until fever disappeared was found to be 1.36 days shorter than in the group of comparison (p<0.05); there was a higher rate of the reduction of inflammatory changes in the lungs according to the computer tomography data (38.4% vs 14.9%, p<0.05). By the end of the treatment, there was also a lower lactate level in the blood (27.1%, p<0.05) than in the patients of the group of comparison. The evaluation of the drug efficacy ассording to the Categorical Ordinal Scale of Clinical Improvement and measurements of oxygen saturation in the blood, manifested similar positive dynamics in the patients treated ассording to various etiotropic therapy regimens. By the end of the treatment, the RNA SARS-CoV-2 tests were also negative in all the patients. As for the overall frequency of adverse events (AEs), no relevant distinctions were found between the groups. A greater part of AEs was related to hepatotoxicity, with a predominantly clinically relevant increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT). A clinically relevant prolongation of the corrected QT interval on the standard ECG was found to occur in the standard-therapy group on day 5, while no serious AEs were registered in the main group. No serious adverse reactions were registered in patients of the main group.Conclusion. The efficacy of the Favipiravir (Areplivir) therapy for the novel coronavirus infection has proved to be superior to the efficacy of the standard etiotropic therapy in a number of aspects. Basing on the obtained findings, Favipiravir (Areplivir) drug can be recommended for treating patients with the novel coronavirus infection of moderate severity.
该研究的目的是评估Favipiravir (Areplivir)药物与标准致病因治疗在COVID-19住院患者中的疗效和安全性。材料和方法。该研究是一项开放、随机、多中心比较研究的一部分，该研究旨在研究200mg Areplivir薄膜包衣片(“promed RUS”LLC，俄罗斯)对COVID-19住院患者的疗效和安全性。Favipiravir给药方案为1600mg / d，第1天;600mg / d，第2-14天。39名患者被纳入研究，实验室诊断为由SARS-CoV-2引起的新型冠状病毒感染(确诊)，严重程度中等，伴有肺炎。对照组(22例)接受标准致病因治疗，按照新版新冠肺炎临时诊疗指南处方，主要为羟氯喹，给药方案为第1天800 mg，第2-7天400 mg，阿奇霉素500 mg，每天1次，连用5天。主要组(17例)采用Favipiravir (Areplivir)治疗。主组发热消失时间比对照组短1.36 d (p<0.05);计算机断层扫描数据显示，肺部炎症改变的减少率更高(38.4% vs 14.9%， p<0.05)。治疗结束时，血乳酸水平也低于对照组(27.1%，p<0.05)。根据临床改善的分类顺序量表和血氧饱和度的测量对药物疗效进行评估，在根据各种致病因治疗方案治疗的患者中表现出类似的积极动态。在治疗结束时，所有患者的RNA SARS-CoV-2检测也呈阴性。至于不良事件(ae)的总体频率，两组间无相关差异。大部分ae与肝毒性有关，主要与临床相关的丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)升高有关。标准治疗组在第5天出现标准心电图校正QT间期的临床相关延长，而主治疗组未出现严重不良事件。主组患者未见严重不良反应。Favipiravir (Areplivir)治疗新型冠状病毒感染的疗效已被证明在多个方面优于标准致病因治疗的疗效。基于上述发现，Favipiravir (Areplivir)药物可推荐用于治疗中度新型冠状病毒感染患者。
{"title":"EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF SOME ETIOTROPIC THERAPEUTIC SCHEMES FOR TREATING PATIENTS WITH NOVEL CORONAVIRUS INFECTION (COVID-19)","authors":"L. Balykova, V. Pavelkina, N. V. Shmyreva, N. Pyataev, N. Selezneva, O. Shepeleva, R. Z. Almyasheva","doi":"10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-3-150-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-3-150-159","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to assess the efficacy and safety of the Favipiravir (Areplivir) drug, compared to the standard etiotropic therapy in the patients hospitalized with COVID-19.Material and methods. The research was conducted as a part of an open, randomized, multicenter comparative study of the efficacy and safety of Areplivir, 200 mg film-coated tablets (“PROMOMED RUS” LLC, Russia), in the patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The dosing regimen of Favipiravir was 1600 mg twice a day on the 1st day and 600 mg twice a day on days 2–14. Thirty nine patients were enrolled into the study with a laboratory-established diagnosis of a new type of Coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (confirmed) of moderate severity, with pneumonia. The group of comparison (22 patients) received standard etiotropic therapy, prescribed in accordance with the current version of the temporary guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, represented mainly by Hydroxychloroquine with the dosage regimen of 800 mg on the 1st day, then 400 mg on days 2–7, and Azithromycin 500 mg once a day for 5 days. The main group (17 patients) received Favipiravir (Areplivir) as etiotropiс therapy.Results. In the main group, the time period until fever disappeared was found to be 1.36 days shorter than in the group of comparison (p<0.05); there was a higher rate of the reduction of inflammatory changes in the lungs according to the computer tomography data (38.4% vs 14.9%, p<0.05). By the end of the treatment, there was also a lower lactate level in the blood (27.1%, p<0.05) than in the patients of the group of comparison. The evaluation of the drug efficacy ассording to the Categorical Ordinal Scale of Clinical Improvement and measurements of oxygen saturation in the blood, manifested similar positive dynamics in the patients treated ассording to various etiotropic therapy regimens. By the end of the treatment, the RNA SARS-CoV-2 tests were also negative in all the patients. As for the overall frequency of adverse events (AEs), no relevant distinctions were found between the groups. A greater part of AEs was related to hepatotoxicity, with a predominantly clinically relevant increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT). A clinically relevant prolongation of the corrected QT interval on the standard ECG was found to occur in the standard-therapy group on day 5, while no serious AEs were registered in the main group. No serious adverse reactions were registered in patients of the main group.Conclusion. The efficacy of the Favipiravir (Areplivir) therapy for the novel coronavirus infection has proved to be superior to the efficacy of the standard etiotropic therapy in a number of aspects. Basing on the obtained findings, Favipiravir (Areplivir) drug can be recommended for treating patients with the novel coronavirus infection of moderate severity.","PeriodicalId":20025,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83756384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-3-181-194
E. A. Solyonova, S. Pavlova
The article is devoted to the study of the effects of isoliquiritigenin in generalized bacterial infections.The aim is to study antibacterial and immunotropic mechanisms and effects of isoliquiritigenin in generalized staphylococcal infections in a mouse model.Materials and methods. To assess the survival rate of Balb/C mice, a generalized infection model caused by Staphylococcus aureus J49 ATCC 25923 with Kaplan-Meier curves was used. The degree of bacteremia during the development of infection was determined by the method of sector crops. The minimum inhibitory concentration of isoliquiritigenin against Staphylococcus aureus J49 ATCC 25923 was determined by serial dilutions methods. To study an antibiofilm activity, the MTT test and atomic force microscopy were used. Immunotropic effects were studied by assessing peptone-induced migration of phagocytes into the abdominal cavity, proliferation of mitogen-activated lymphocytes in the MTT test and their cytokine secretion using the MILLIPLEX MAP kit on a Magpix multiplex analyzer.Results. It has been established that a preliminary intraperitoneal administration of isoliquiritigenin (30 mg/kg) increases the survival rate of Balb/C mice in case of generalized staphylococcal infections. Isoliquiritigenin has antibacterial (MOC = 64 μg/ml) and antibiofilm (4–32 μg/ml) activities against S. aureus J49 ATCC 25923, does not inhibit the migration of phagocytes in the abdominal cavity, dose-dependently inhibits the proliferation and secretion of cytokines by mitogenactivated T-lymphocytes and modulates the production of cytokines (IL-2, IL-12p70, IFNg, TNFα, IL-6, IL-22, IL-23, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-17E/IL-25, GM-CSF, MIP – 3a/CCL20, IL-10) by the cells of inguinal lymph nodes and splenocytes in the early stages of generalized staphylococcal infections.Conclusion. A preliminary administration of isoliquiritigenin increases the survival rate of mice with generalized staphylococcal infections, which may be associated with both antimicrobial (antistaphylococcal, antibiofilm) and immunotropic mechanisms. The obtained data on the pharmacodynamics of isoliquiritigenin deserve attention from the point of view of the prospects of the new drugs creation that reduce mortality in staphylococcal sepsis.
{"title":"ANTIBACTERIAL AND IMMUNOTROPIC PROPERTIES OF ISOLIQUIRITIGENIN IN GENERALIZED STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTION IN MICE","authors":"E. A. Solyonova, S. Pavlova","doi":"10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-3-181-194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-3-181-194","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the effects of isoliquiritigenin in generalized bacterial infections.The aim is to study antibacterial and immunotropic mechanisms and effects of isoliquiritigenin in generalized staphylococcal infections in a mouse model.Materials and methods. To assess the survival rate of Balb/C mice, a generalized infection model caused by Staphylococcus aureus J49 ATCC 25923 with Kaplan-Meier curves was used. The degree of bacteremia during the development of infection was determined by the method of sector crops. The minimum inhibitory concentration of isoliquiritigenin against Staphylococcus aureus J49 ATCC 25923 was determined by serial dilutions methods. To study an antibiofilm activity, the MTT test and atomic force microscopy were used. Immunotropic effects were studied by assessing peptone-induced migration of phagocytes into the abdominal cavity, proliferation of mitogen-activated lymphocytes in the MTT test and their cytokine secretion using the MILLIPLEX MAP kit on a Magpix multiplex analyzer.Results. It has been established that a preliminary intraperitoneal administration of isoliquiritigenin (30 mg/kg) increases the survival rate of Balb/C mice in case of generalized staphylococcal infections. Isoliquiritigenin has antibacterial (MOC = 64 μg/ml) and antibiofilm (4–32 μg/ml) activities against S. aureus J49 ATCC 25923, does not inhibit the migration of phagocytes in the abdominal cavity, dose-dependently inhibits the proliferation and secretion of cytokines by mitogenactivated T-lymphocytes and modulates the production of cytokines (IL-2, IL-12p70, IFNg, TNFα, IL-6, IL-22, IL-23, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-17E/IL-25, GM-CSF, MIP – 3a/CCL20, IL-10) by the cells of inguinal lymph nodes and splenocytes in the early stages of generalized staphylococcal infections.Conclusion. A preliminary administration of isoliquiritigenin increases the survival rate of mice with generalized staphylococcal infections, which may be associated with both antimicrobial (antistaphylococcal, antibiofilm) and immunotropic mechanisms. The obtained data on the pharmacodynamics of isoliquiritigenin deserve attention from the point of view of the prospects of the new drugs creation that reduce mortality in staphylococcal sepsis.","PeriodicalId":20025,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87949325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-14DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-2-112-123
E. Oganesyan, S. S. Shatokhin
42 derivatives of 2’,4’-dihydroxychalcone, flavanone and flavone, containing the hydroxy group in position 7 (ring "A"), as well as substituents in the ring "B", have been studied.The aim is to study the quantum-chemical parameters of 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone, flavanone and flavone derivatives containing a hydroxy group in position 7, in order to identify the effect of substituents on Mulliken charges (a.e) in the aromatic core "A", bond numbers (Nµ), the unsaturation index (IUA) and the electron density of the carbon atoms of the cinnamoyl fragment.Materials and methods. The listed above parameters have been calculated by the semi-empirical method PM7 (WinMopac 2016 program) on the workstation with an Intel Xeon E5-1620 3.5 GHz processor, 20 GB of RAM.Results. The analysis of the values of quantum-chemical parameters, as well as their comparison with the corresponding indicators presented in Report I, revealed a number of important features associated with the influence of the hydroxy group in position 7 (ring "A") on the studied quantum-chemical parameters of molecules. It has been established that the hydroxy group in the ring “A” does not significantly affect the Mulliken charge and the electron density of the carbon atoms of the propenone unit C-7→C-8→C-9. On atom C-9 (carbonyl carbon), the Mulliken charge always has a positive value, and the electron density is about 3.4670-3.4840 for all three groups of compounds. The transition from 2’,4’-dihydroxychalcone to flavanone and flavone by the formation of the pyrone heterocycle, is accompanied by an increase in the negative charge on C-8, which can be explained by the involvement of the oxygen heteroatom in the transmission of electronic effects. The hydroxy group in the ring “A”, has practically no effect on the charge and electron density of atoms. An analysis of the values of bond numbers and unsaturation indices suggests that atoms C-1 of 2’,4’-dihydroxychalcone and 7-hydroxyflavanone derivatives, are characterized by the lowest Nµ value; the lowest bond numbers are characteristic for atom C-8 derivatives of 7-hydroxyflavone. Consequently, the primary attack of the HO·radical will be directed at C-1 (in chalcones and flavanones) and at C-8 in flavones.Conclusion. The performed quantum-chemical calculations make it possible to analyze the effect on the main quantum-chemical parameters of the molecule, which can be useful in predicting the biological activity of flavanoid compounds due to their antiradical effect on reactive oxygen intermediate species (ROIs).
{"title":"USING QUANTUM-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS FOR PREDICTING ANTI-RADICAL (НО∙) ACTIVITY OF RELATED STRUCTURES CONTAINING A CINNAMOYL FRAGMENT II. DERIVATIVES OF 2’,4’-DIHYDROXYCHALCONE, FLAVANONE AND FLAVONE, CONTAINING A HYDROXY GROUP IN POSITION 7","authors":"E. Oganesyan, S. S. Shatokhin","doi":"10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-2-112-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2020-8-2-112-123","url":null,"abstract":"42 derivatives of 2’,4’-dihydroxychalcone, flavanone and flavone, containing the hydroxy group in position 7 (ring \"A\"), as well as substituents in the ring \"B\", have been studied.The aim is to study the quantum-chemical parameters of 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone, flavanone and flavone derivatives containing a hydroxy group in position 7, in order to identify the effect of substituents on Mulliken charges (a.e) in the aromatic core \"A\", bond numbers (Nµ), the unsaturation index (IUA) and the electron density of the carbon atoms of the cinnamoyl fragment.Materials and methods. The listed above parameters have been calculated by the semi-empirical method PM7 (WinMopac 2016 program) on the workstation with an Intel Xeon E5-1620 3.5 GHz processor, 20 GB of RAM.Results. The analysis of the values of quantum-chemical parameters, as well as their comparison with the corresponding indicators presented in Report I, revealed a number of important features associated with the influence of the hydroxy group in position 7 (ring \"A\") on the studied quantum-chemical parameters of molecules. It has been established that the hydroxy group in the ring “A” does not significantly affect the Mulliken charge and the electron density of the carbon atoms of the propenone unit C-7→C-8→C-9. On atom C-9 (carbonyl carbon), the Mulliken charge always has a positive value, and the electron density is about 3.4670-3.4840 for all three groups of compounds. The transition from 2’,4’-dihydroxychalcone to flavanone and flavone by the formation of the pyrone heterocycle, is accompanied by an increase in the negative charge on C-8, which can be explained by the involvement of the oxygen heteroatom in the transmission of electronic effects. The hydroxy group in the ring “A”, has practically no effect on the charge and electron density of atoms. An analysis of the values of bond numbers and unsaturation indices suggests that atoms C-1 of 2’,4’-dihydroxychalcone and 7-hydroxyflavanone derivatives, are characterized by the lowest Nµ value; the lowest bond numbers are characteristic for atom C-8 derivatives of 7-hydroxyflavone. Consequently, the primary attack of the HO·radical will be directed at C-1 (in chalcones and flavanones) and at C-8 in flavones.Conclusion. The performed quantum-chemical calculations make it possible to analyze the effect on the main quantum-chemical parameters of the molecule, which can be useful in predicting the biological activity of flavanoid compounds due to their antiradical effect on reactive oxygen intermediate species (ROIs).","PeriodicalId":20025,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy & Pharmacology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87991924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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