Pub Date : 2015-10-31DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2015.7309434
I. Mosely, A. Middleton, D. Strickland, N. Mukherjee, D. Stone, D. Gladwin, D. Rogers, M. Foster
The high cost of batteries has led to investigations in using second-life ex-transportation batteries for grid support applications. Vehicle manufacturers currently all have different specifications for battery chemistry, arrangement of cells, capacity and voltage. With anticipated new developments in battery chemistry which could also affect these parameters, there are, as yet, no standards defining parameters in second life applications. To overcome issues relating to sizing and to prevent future obsolescence for the rest of the energy storage system, a cascaded topology with an operating envelope design approach has been used to connect together modules. This topology offers advantages in terms of system reliability. The design methodology is validated through a set of experimental results resulting in the creation of surface maps looking at the operation of the converter (efficiency and inductor ripple current). The use of a pre-defined module operating envelope also offers advantages for developing new operational strategies for systems with both hybrid battery energy systems and also hybrid systems including other energy sources such as solar power.
{"title":"Practical design considerations of cascaded hybrid battery storage systems","authors":"I. Mosely, A. Middleton, D. Strickland, N. Mukherjee, D. Stone, D. Gladwin, D. Rogers, M. Foster","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2015.7309434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2015.7309434","url":null,"abstract":"The high cost of batteries has led to investigations in using second-life ex-transportation batteries for grid support applications. Vehicle manufacturers currently all have different specifications for battery chemistry, arrangement of cells, capacity and voltage. With anticipated new developments in battery chemistry which could also affect these parameters, there are, as yet, no standards defining parameters in second life applications. To overcome issues relating to sizing and to prevent future obsolescence for the rest of the energy storage system, a cascaded topology with an operating envelope design approach has been used to connect together modules. This topology offers advantages in terms of system reliability. The design methodology is validated through a set of experimental results resulting in the creation of surface maps looking at the operation of the converter (efficiency and inductor ripple current). The use of a pre-defined module operating envelope also offers advantages for developing new operational strategies for systems with both hybrid battery energy systems and also hybrid systems including other energy sources such as solar power.","PeriodicalId":200533,"journal":{"name":"2015 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'15 ECCE-Europe)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130021910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2015.7309107
Shuo Yan, Siew-Chong Tan, S. Hui
In this paper, we propose the use of sliding mode (SM) control to improve the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) performance of a two-stage single-phase inverter (comprising a first-stage DC/DC boost converter and a second-stage full-bridge inverter) in photovoltaic (PV) systems. To underscore the benefits of SM control, the MPPT performance of the PV system under the SM control is compared to that of an optimally-tuned proportional-integral (PI) control under the same PV system setup. To ease the comparison, a methodology of quantifying the measurements, which provides a clear graphical indication of the quality of the tracking, is proposed as a general platform to examine the performance. Experimental results show that the SM control can guarantee a better tracking accuracy over a larger operating range than the PI control when the weather conditions are changed dynamically throughout the course of a day. Additional comparisons based on the proposed methodology further supports that the SM control can improve the MPPT accuracy of the PV system, thus increasing the overall amount of energy harvested.
{"title":"Sliding mode control for improving the performance of PV inverter with MPPT — A comparison between SM and PI control","authors":"Shuo Yan, Siew-Chong Tan, S. Hui","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2015.7309107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2015.7309107","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose the use of sliding mode (SM) control to improve the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) performance of a two-stage single-phase inverter (comprising a first-stage DC/DC boost converter and a second-stage full-bridge inverter) in photovoltaic (PV) systems. To underscore the benefits of SM control, the MPPT performance of the PV system under the SM control is compared to that of an optimally-tuned proportional-integral (PI) control under the same PV system setup. To ease the comparison, a methodology of quantifying the measurements, which provides a clear graphical indication of the quality of the tracking, is proposed as a general platform to examine the performance. Experimental results show that the SM control can guarantee a better tracking accuracy over a larger operating range than the PI control when the weather conditions are changed dynamically throughout the course of a day. Additional comparisons based on the proposed methodology further supports that the SM control can improve the MPPT accuracy of the PV system, thus increasing the overall amount of energy harvested.","PeriodicalId":200533,"journal":{"name":"2015 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'15 ECCE-Europe)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115503777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2015.7309377
M. Jaritz, Tobias Rogg, J. Biela
In this paper, a control strategy of a modular serial parallel resonant converter (SPRC) modulator system is presented and verified by simulations. The system is based on two SPRC modules forming an input series output parallel (ISOP) stack. To obtain the given output voltage of 115kV, 8 of these ISOP stacks are connected in parallel at the input and in series at the output, forming an input parallel output series (IPOS) system. For designing the control of this system, a large signal model is derived and the influence of component tolerances is investigated. The performance of the controller is shown with simulation results. The simulation model of a single module is validated by measurement results.
{"title":"Control of a modular series parallel resonant converter system for a solid state 2.88MW/115-kV long pulse modulator","authors":"M. Jaritz, Tobias Rogg, J. Biela","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2015.7309377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2015.7309377","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a control strategy of a modular serial parallel resonant converter (SPRC) modulator system is presented and verified by simulations. The system is based on two SPRC modules forming an input series output parallel (ISOP) stack. To obtain the given output voltage of 115kV, 8 of these ISOP stacks are connected in parallel at the input and in series at the output, forming an input parallel output series (IPOS) system. For designing the control of this system, a large signal model is derived and the influence of component tolerances is investigated. The performance of the controller is shown with simulation results. The simulation model of a single module is validated by measurement results.","PeriodicalId":200533,"journal":{"name":"2015 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'15 ECCE-Europe)","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127299196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2015.7309250
Sungho Lee, Minsung Kim, Soo-Seok Kim, B. Kwon, T. Goo, Hyung-Jun Chae, Jung-Hwan Choi, D. Huh
In this paper, a repetitive controller (RC) is proposed for flyback inverter operating in continuous conduction mode, which has simple structure, low cost, and high efficiency. Conventional controller results in poor control performance due to the effect of the right-half-plane zero in CCM operation. To achieve the fast dynamical response, the repetitive controller is developed and applied to flyback inverter in CCM operation. In RC scheme, a low-pass filter is adopted in the repetitive control scheme to enhance the robustness of repetitive controller. The stability of closed-loop system is derived and the zero tracking error is achieved. Numerical simulations and experiments are performed to validate the proposed control approach.
{"title":"Repetitive control of flyback inverter for PV power applications","authors":"Sungho Lee, Minsung Kim, Soo-Seok Kim, B. Kwon, T. Goo, Hyung-Jun Chae, Jung-Hwan Choi, D. Huh","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2015.7309250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2015.7309250","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a repetitive controller (RC) is proposed for flyback inverter operating in continuous conduction mode, which has simple structure, low cost, and high efficiency. Conventional controller results in poor control performance due to the effect of the right-half-plane zero in CCM operation. To achieve the fast dynamical response, the repetitive controller is developed and applied to flyback inverter in CCM operation. In RC scheme, a low-pass filter is adopted in the repetitive control scheme to enhance the robustness of repetitive controller. The stability of closed-loop system is derived and the zero tracking error is achieved. Numerical simulations and experiments are performed to validate the proposed control approach.","PeriodicalId":200533,"journal":{"name":"2015 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'15 ECCE-Europe)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123320941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2015.7311672
D. Hind, M. Sumner, C. Gerada
The PWM current derivative technique for sensorless control of AC machines requires current derivative measurements under certain PWM vectors. This is often not possible under narrow PWM vectors due to high frequency (HF) oscillations which affect the current and current derivative responses. In previous work, researchers extended the time that PWM vectors were applied to the machine for to a threshold known as the minimum pulse width (tmin), in order to allow the HF oscillations to decay and a derivative measurement to be obtained. This resulted in additional distortion to the motor current New experimental results demonstrate that an artificial neural network (ANN) can be used to estimate derivatives using measurements from a standard current sensor before the HF oscillations have fully decayed. This reduces the minimum pulse width required and can significantly reduce the additional current distortion and torque ripple.
{"title":"Estimating current derivatives for sensorless motor drive applications","authors":"D. Hind, M. Sumner, C. Gerada","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2015.7311672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2015.7311672","url":null,"abstract":"The PWM current derivative technique for sensorless control of AC machines requires current derivative measurements under certain PWM vectors. This is often not possible under narrow PWM vectors due to high frequency (HF) oscillations which affect the current and current derivative responses. In previous work, researchers extended the time that PWM vectors were applied to the machine for to a threshold known as the minimum pulse width (tmin), in order to allow the HF oscillations to decay and a derivative measurement to be obtained. This resulted in additional distortion to the motor current New experimental results demonstrate that an artificial neural network (ANN) can be used to estimate derivatives using measurements from a standard current sensor before the HF oscillations have fully decayed. This reduces the minimum pulse width required and can significantly reduce the additional current distortion and torque ripple.","PeriodicalId":200533,"journal":{"name":"2015 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'15 ECCE-Europe)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115110180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2015.7311720
I. Pecelj, S. D. de Haan, J. Ferreira
A novel modulation strategy for soft-switched, partial-resonant, high-frequency AC link inverters (PRAC) is proposed. The proposed method operates on a cycle-by-cycle basis, integrating link current and precisely controlling charge delivered to each output phase in one link cycle. Link current is measured in a high-speed, low-latency loop. By employing the proposed modulation strategy, very low total harmonic distortion of the output current waveform is achieved, resulting in small output filters. The validation of the proposed modulation strategy is carried out by numerical simulation using Matlab-Simulink software and experimental measurements on hardware prototype. Relevant results are disclosed and discussed in details in this paper.
{"title":"Charge compensation modulation method of partial-resonant AC-link inverter","authors":"I. Pecelj, S. D. de Haan, J. Ferreira","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2015.7311720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2015.7311720","url":null,"abstract":"A novel modulation strategy for soft-switched, partial-resonant, high-frequency AC link inverters (PRAC) is proposed. The proposed method operates on a cycle-by-cycle basis, integrating link current and precisely controlling charge delivered to each output phase in one link cycle. Link current is measured in a high-speed, low-latency loop. By employing the proposed modulation strategy, very low total harmonic distortion of the output current waveform is achieved, resulting in small output filters. The validation of the proposed modulation strategy is carried out by numerical simulation using Matlab-Simulink software and experimental measurements on hardware prototype. Relevant results are disclosed and discussed in details in this paper.","PeriodicalId":200533,"journal":{"name":"2015 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'15 ECCE-Europe)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115356270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2015.7311728
S. Maestri, R. Garcia Retegui, G. Uicich, M. Benedetti, K. Papastergiou, G. LeGodec
This work presents the analysis of a two-quadrant regulator connected to the DC-link of a 4-quadrant magnet supply. The key objective is to present some regulation strategies for controlling the peak power required from the power network as well as to recover the magnet energy into capacitor banks. A comparative study that highlights the trade off between the size of reactive elements, and the peak current drawn from the electrical network is presented.
{"title":"Control strategies for 2-quadrant converter used in grid power flow control","authors":"S. Maestri, R. Garcia Retegui, G. Uicich, M. Benedetti, K. Papastergiou, G. LeGodec","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2015.7311728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2015.7311728","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the analysis of a two-quadrant regulator connected to the DC-link of a 4-quadrant magnet supply. The key objective is to present some regulation strategies for controlling the peak power required from the power network as well as to recover the magnet energy into capacitor banks. A comparative study that highlights the trade off between the size of reactive elements, and the peak current drawn from the electrical network is presented.","PeriodicalId":200533,"journal":{"name":"2015 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'15 ECCE-Europe)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122741031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2015.7309469
M. Morawiec, J. Guzinski
The paper focuses on sensorless control of the induction machines supplied by inverter with the output filters. “The novel” idea of the speed observer which is based on the backstepping approach is shown. The standard structure of the exponential observer is extended by the integrators and additional Z vector. The simulation and experimental results validate the proposed solution.
{"title":"Sensorless control system of induction machine supplied by voltage source inverter with output filter","authors":"M. Morawiec, J. Guzinski","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2015.7309469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2015.7309469","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on sensorless control of the induction machines supplied by inverter with the output filters. “The novel” idea of the speed observer which is based on the backstepping approach is shown. The standard structure of the exponential observer is extended by the integrators and additional Z vector. The simulation and experimental results validate the proposed solution.","PeriodicalId":200533,"journal":{"name":"2015 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'15 ECCE-Europe)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122489406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2015.7309106
Cheng Tan, D. Xiao, J. Fletcher
Switched inverters generate fast rates of change of common-mode voltage and are an unwanted side-effect in variable speed drive systems operated with PWM inverters. Whilst techniques have been reported that theoretically eliminate the common-more voltage, when the dead-time effects and the practical transient performance of semiconductors are considered, a common-mode voltage is still generated, even though these proposed techniques sacrifice dc-link utilization and switching loss. In this paper, a switching strategy is proposed for the three-level five-phase neutral-point-clamped inverter, which reduces the common-mode voltage as far practically possible and eliminates vectors in the d2q2 plane. The proposed method maintains the same linear modulation range as the conventional space vector modulation technique but utilises fewer switching actions in one carrier period. Moreover, its complexity is reduced lowering the computational overhead. The proposed method is verified in both simulation and experiments on a prototype of five-phase neutral-point-clamped inverter.
{"title":"An improved space vector modulation strategy for three-level five-phase neutral-point-clamped inverters","authors":"Cheng Tan, D. Xiao, J. Fletcher","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2015.7309106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2015.7309106","url":null,"abstract":"Switched inverters generate fast rates of change of common-mode voltage and are an unwanted side-effect in variable speed drive systems operated with PWM inverters. Whilst techniques have been reported that theoretically eliminate the common-more voltage, when the dead-time effects and the practical transient performance of semiconductors are considered, a common-mode voltage is still generated, even though these proposed techniques sacrifice dc-link utilization and switching loss. In this paper, a switching strategy is proposed for the three-level five-phase neutral-point-clamped inverter, which reduces the common-mode voltage as far practically possible and eliminates vectors in the d2q2 plane. The proposed method maintains the same linear modulation range as the conventional space vector modulation technique but utilises fewer switching actions in one carrier period. Moreover, its complexity is reduced lowering the computational overhead. The proposed method is verified in both simulation and experiments on a prototype of five-phase neutral-point-clamped inverter.","PeriodicalId":200533,"journal":{"name":"2015 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'15 ECCE-Europe)","volume":"250 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123032269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-29DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2015.7309350
B. Cougo
Tape wound cores are used in different applications where high power density is desired due to their high performance at high frequencies. In high power applications, inductor and transformer cores have large cross sections and consequently wide core legs which may result in different flux densities and temperatures in each layer as experimentally shown. This paper verifies the influence of the core cross section shape in the losses and temperature distribution inside the core. Optimal cross section shapes are developed in order to minimize different criteria such as core losses, heat extraction capabilities and total core weight.
{"title":"Optimal cross section shape of tape wound cores","authors":"B. Cougo","doi":"10.1109/EPE.2015.7309350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2015.7309350","url":null,"abstract":"Tape wound cores are used in different applications where high power density is desired due to their high performance at high frequencies. In high power applications, inductor and transformer cores have large cross sections and consequently wide core legs which may result in different flux densities and temperatures in each layer as experimentally shown. This paper verifies the influence of the core cross section shape in the losses and temperature distribution inside the core. Optimal cross section shapes are developed in order to minimize different criteria such as core losses, heat extraction capabilities and total core weight.","PeriodicalId":200533,"journal":{"name":"2015 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'15 ECCE-Europe)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122123604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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