Pub Date : 2024-01-14DOI: 10.1007/s11107-023-01011-2
Abstract
Due to high spectral efficiency and flexibility of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology, OFDM-based optical grids/clouds are fast replacing WDM grids/clouds. As grids and clouds process data intensive tasks, protection of optical grids and clouds from an arbitrary fiber-cut is extremely important. Employing a protection scheme leads to idle resource reservation, and data are continuously lost till protection (backup) paths become operational after a link failure. So, a protection scheme should not only minimize reservation of idle resources; it must also make the network recover quickly from a failure. In a dynamic scenario, another important issue is spectral fragmentation which leads to increased blocking of requests. In this paper, we address the problem of providing protection to OFDM-based transparent optical grids/clouds ensuring fast failure recovery with minimizing of both resource consumption and spectral fragmentation to the extent possible. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to address the said problem for transparent OFDM optical grids/clouds. Performance comparisons show that the proposed polynomial time algorithm, fragmentation-aware resource-efficient protection with fast recovery (FRPFR) decreases spectrum utilization, decreases bandwidth blocking ratio and increases backup spectrum sharing by 27.88%, 35.37% and 35.94%, respectively, over algorithm protection with fast recovery (PFR) and by 11.95%, 20.29% and 14.35%, respectively, over algorithm resource-efficient protection with fast recovery (RPFR).
{"title":"Survivable transparent OFDM optical grids/clouds: fragmentation aware, resource efficient protection with fast failure recovery","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11107-023-01011-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-023-01011-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Due to high spectral efficiency and flexibility of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology, OFDM-based optical grids/clouds are fast replacing WDM grids/clouds. As grids and clouds process data intensive tasks, protection of optical grids and clouds from an arbitrary fiber-cut is extremely important. Employing a protection scheme leads to idle resource reservation, and data are continuously lost till protection (backup) paths become operational after a link failure. So, a protection scheme should not only minimize reservation of idle resources; it must also make the network recover quickly from a failure. In a dynamic scenario, another important issue is spectral fragmentation which leads to increased blocking of requests. In this paper, we address the problem of providing protection to OFDM-based transparent optical grids/clouds ensuring fast failure recovery with minimizing of both resource consumption and spectral fragmentation to the extent possible. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to address the said problem for transparent OFDM optical grids/clouds. Performance comparisons show that the proposed polynomial time algorithm, <em>fragmentation-aware resource-efficient protection with fast recovery</em> (<em>FRPFR</em>) decreases spectrum utilization, decreases bandwidth blocking ratio and increases backup spectrum sharing by 27.88%, 35.37% and 35.94%, respectively, over algorithm <em>protection with fast recovery</em> (<em>PFR</em>) and by 11.95%, 20.29% and 14.35%, respectively, over algorithm <em>resource-efficient protection with fast recovery</em> (<em>RPFR</em>).</p>","PeriodicalId":20057,"journal":{"name":"Photonic Network Communications","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139461613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1007/s11107-023-01008-x
Abstract
A fine-grained, flexible frequency grid of elastic optical transmission and space division multiplexing (SDM) in conjunction with spectrally efficient modulations is an ideal solution for the impending capacity crunch. The routing, modulation, core, and spectrum assignment (RMCSA) problem is an important lightpath resource assignment problem in SDM elastic optical networks (SDM-EONs). Intercore Crosstalk (XT) degrades the quality of parallel transmissions on adjacent cores, and the RMCSA algorithm must satisfy XT requirements while optimizing network performance. There is an indirect trade-off between spectrum utilization and XT tolerance; while higher modulations are more spectrum-efficient, they are also less tolerant of XT because they allow fewer connections between neighboring cores on the overlapping spectrum. In the presence of XT, the Tridental Resource Assignment algorithm (TRA) has been shown to optimally assign resources in multicore fiber networks. Using the tridental coefficient (TC), this algorithm strikes a balance between spectrum utilization and XT. However, TRA is computationally expensive because TC is calculated for all the possible candidate resource sets for each lightpath request. In this paper, we demonstrate that acceptable or better TRA performance can be achieved while reducing computational overhead than traditional TRA. We achieve that using different stages of offline optimization, required only once. We demonstrate that by using tailored weights in TC, the performance of TRA can be enhanced further. We observe that acceptable TRA performance can be achieved with as low as 40% of the total computations and that adjusting weights reduces the bandwidth blocking of TRA, which is already performing better than the baseline algorithms, by approximately two orders of magnitude.
摘要 细粒度、灵活的弹性光传输频率网格和空分复用（SDM）技术与高效频谱调制技术相结合，是解决即将出现的容量紧张问题的理想方案。路由、调制、核心和频谱分配（RMCSA）问题是 SDM 弹性光网络（SDM-EON）中一个重要的光路资源分配问题。核心间串扰（XT）会降低相邻核心上并行传输的质量，因此 RMCSA 算法必须在优化网络性能的同时满足 XT 要求。频谱利用率和 XT 容限之间存在间接的权衡；虽然较高的调制方式更节省频谱，但它们对 XT 的容限也较低，因为它们允许在重叠频谱上的相邻内核之间建立较少的连接。在存在 XT 的情况下，三叉资源分配算法（TRA）已被证明能在多核光纤网络中优化资源分配。该算法使用三叉系数（TC），在频谱利用率和 XT 之间取得平衡。然而，TRA 的计算成本很高，因为要为每个光路请求的所有可能候选资源集计算 TC。本文证明，与传统 TRA 相比，在减少计算开销的同时，还能获得可接受或更好的 TRA 性能。我们使用不同阶段的离线优化来实现这一目标，只需要一次。我们证明，通过在 TC 中使用定制权重，可以进一步提高 TRA 性能。我们观察到，只需总计算量的 40% 就能实现可接受的 TRA 性能，而且调整权重可将 TRA 的带宽阻塞降低约两个数量级，而 TRA 的性能已经优于基准算法。
{"title":"Dual optimization for enhancing TRA in MCF-based SDM-EONs","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11107-023-01008-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-023-01008-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>A fine-grained, flexible frequency grid of elastic optical transmission and space division multiplexing (SDM) in conjunction with spectrally efficient modulations is an ideal solution for the impending capacity crunch. The routing, modulation, core, and spectrum assignment (RMCSA) problem is an important lightpath resource assignment problem in SDM elastic optical networks (SDM-EONs). Intercore Crosstalk (XT) degrades the quality of parallel transmissions on adjacent cores, and the RMCSA algorithm must satisfy XT requirements while optimizing network performance. There is an indirect trade-off between spectrum utilization and XT tolerance; while higher modulations are more spectrum-efficient, they are also less tolerant of XT because they allow fewer connections between neighboring cores on the overlapping spectrum. In the presence of XT, the Tridental Resource Assignment algorithm (TRA) has been shown to optimally assign resources in multicore fiber networks. Using the tridental coefficient (TC), this algorithm strikes a balance between spectrum utilization and XT. However, TRA is computationally expensive because TC is calculated for all the possible candidate resource sets for each lightpath request. In this paper, we demonstrate that acceptable or better TRA performance can be achieved while reducing computational overhead than traditional TRA. We achieve that using different stages of offline optimization, required only once. We demonstrate that by using tailored weights in TC, the performance of TRA can be enhanced further. We observe that acceptable TRA performance can be achieved with as low as 40% of the total computations and that adjusting weights reduces the bandwidth blocking of TRA, which is already performing better than the baseline algorithms, by approximately two orders of magnitude.</p>","PeriodicalId":20057,"journal":{"name":"Photonic Network Communications","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139083625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.1007/s11107-023-01007-y
Ling Qiu, Jianxin Ma
{"title":"Bit-level probability shaping for partial parallel bit sequences based on power partition in OOFDM system","authors":"Ling Qiu, Jianxin Ma","doi":"10.1007/s11107-023-01007-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-023-01007-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20057,"journal":{"name":"Photonic Network Communications","volume":"341 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135475047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis and investigation of a novel underwater channel model for OWC under log-normal turbulent condition","authors":"Manas R. Biswal, Tahesin Samira Delwar, Abrar Siddique, Prangyadarsini Behera, Jee-Youl Ryu","doi":"10.1007/s11107-023-01006-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-023-01006-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20057,"journal":{"name":"Photonic Network Communications","volume":"32 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136158027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1007/s11107-023-01004-1
Der-Rong Din
{"title":"Survivable routing problem on EONs with slicers for SBPP scheme","authors":"Der-Rong Din","doi":"10.1007/s11107-023-01004-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-023-01004-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20057,"journal":{"name":"Photonic Network Communications","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135826953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-02DOI: 10.1007/s11107-023-01001-4
Baseerat Gul, Faroze Ahmad
{"title":"Fiber Bragg grating as a sole dispersion compensation unit for a long haul optical link","authors":"Baseerat Gul, Faroze Ahmad","doi":"10.1007/s11107-023-01001-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-023-01001-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20057,"journal":{"name":"Photonic Network Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42029864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.1007/s11107-023-01002-3
Yaghoub Khorasani, Akbar Ghaffarpour Rahbar, Mohammad Jafari-Beyrami
{"title":"Fragmentation management to reduce bandwidth wastage in SDM-EON networks","authors":"Yaghoub Khorasani, Akbar Ghaffarpour Rahbar, Mohammad Jafari-Beyrami","doi":"10.1007/s11107-023-01002-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-023-01002-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20057,"journal":{"name":"Photonic Network Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48344462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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