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Dissolution and thermodynamic study of lamotrigine in propylene glycol + 1-propanol mixtures 拉莫三嗪在丙二醇+ 1-丙醇混合物中的溶解及热力学研究
4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-05 DOI: 10.1080/00319104.2023.2264455
Atefeh Sheikhi-Sovari, Elaheh Rahimpour, Hongkun Zhao, Abolghasem Jouyban
ABSTRACTThe solubility of lamotrigine (LTG) was investigated in non-aqueous mixed solvents of propylene glycol (PG) and 1-propanol by a shake-flask technique in the temperatures of 293.2–313.2 K. The obtained experimental data were correlated by five cosolvency mathematical models include the van’t Hoff, the Jouyban–Acree, the Jouyban–Acree–van’t Hoff, the mixture response surface and the modified Wilson models, and reliability of the models was checked. Furthermore, the apparent standard Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy of dissolution of LTG in the studied mixtures were computed using van’t Hoff and Gibbs equations at mean harmonic temperature. The solubility of LTG increases with increasing the amount of PG, and maximum solubility was reached in PG mass fraction of 0.7 at 313.2 K. The experimental results were correlated by the above mentioned models, and mean relative deviations (%) for the computed data were reported to be less than 5.0.KEYWORDS: Solubilitylamotriginecosolvency modelsdissolution thermodynamicsshake-flask AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by Research Affairs of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Tabriz, Iran) under grant number 67137.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences [67137].
摘要采用摇瓶法在293.2 ~ 313.2 K温度下研究了拉莫三嗪(LTG)在丙二醇和1-丙醇非水混合溶剂中的溶解度。采用van 't Hoff、Jouyban-Acree、Jouyban-Acree - van 't Hoff、混合响应面和修正Wilson模型等5种共溶数学模型对实验数据进行了相关性分析,并对模型的可靠性进行了检验。在平均调和温度下,利用范霍夫方程和吉布斯方程计算了LTG在混合物中溶解的表观标准吉布斯能、焓和熵。随着PG加入量的增加,LTG的溶解度增大,在313.2 K时PG质量分数为0.7时溶解度最大。实验结果与上述模型相关,计算数据的平均相对偏差(%)均小于5.0。本研究由大不里士医科大学(Tabriz, Iran)研究部资助,资助号67137。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。这项工作得到了大不里士医学科学大学的支持[67137]。
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引用次数: 0
Unravelling hydrogen bond network in methanol-propanol mixtures via molecular dynamics simulation and experimental techniques 通过分子动力学模拟和实验技术揭示甲醇-丙醇混合物中的氢键网络
4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.1080/00319104.2023.2263897
V Madhurima, Ajmal Rahman M K, K Saishree, Swathi P V, Abdulkareem U
ABSTRACTHydrogen-bonded networks in 1-propanol-methanol binary mixture are studied using molecular dynamics simulation along with experimental techniques (FTIR, dielectric spectroscopy and refractive index measurements) for the entire concentration range. The structure of hydrogen-bonded networks is studied through radial distribution function, hydrogen bond statistics and graph theoretical analysis from molecular dynamics. It is observed that the probability of hydrogen bonding is maximum in methanol molecules followed by hydrogen bonding between methanol and 1-propanol molecules and minimum among 1-propanol molecules, as the concentration changes. The graph theory results show the formation of linear chain hydrogen bond networks, with no caged structures, which is validated from the experimental results. Further, the deconvolution of the FTIR OH peak suggests the presence of linear multimers in all concentrations of the binary system. Average degree of the hydrogen-bonded networks from graph theory indicates a complex networks among pure alcohols and dimers between methanol and 1-propanol in their binary mixtures at all concentrations. The negative values of excess permittivity indicate that the components of the mixture interact in a manner such that the net dipole polarisation decreases.KEYWORDS: Hydrogen bond networkbinary mixturesFTIRmolecular dynamic simulationgraph theory AcknowledgmentsThe authors acknowledge the use of the Inter-University Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) server to run the MD simulations. S P V acknowledges DST, Govt. of India for the Inspire Fellowship (IF190317). AU acknowledges the Central University of Tamil Nadu, India for providing university fellowship.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Author contributionsVM conceived the original idea; ARMK and AU performed all the simulations; SK and SPV conducted the experiments. All the authors were involved in the analysis of the results and contributed equally to the consolidation of results, writing and editing of the manuscript.Data availability statementThe datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.Supplemental dataSupplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00319104.2023.2263897.Additional informationFundingThe authors declare that no funds, grants or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.
摘要采用分子动力学模拟和实验技术(FTIR、介电光谱和折射率测量)对1-丙醇-甲醇二元混合物中的氢键网络进行了研究。通过径向分布函数、氢键统计和分子动力学的图理论分析研究了氢键网络的结构。观察到随着浓度的变化,甲醇分子中氢键的概率最大,其次是甲醇与1-丙醇分子之间的氢键,1-丙醇分子之间的氢键概率最小。图论结果表明,在实验结果中,形成了线性链式氢键网络,没有笼状结构,这一点得到了验证。此外,FTIR OH峰的反褶积表明,在所有浓度的二元体系中都存在线性多聚体。图论氢键网络的平均度表明,纯醇之间的复杂网络和甲醇与1-丙醇之间的二聚体在其二元混合物中,在所有浓度。过量介电常数的负值表明混合物的组分以一种使净偶极子极化减小的方式相互作用。关键词:氢键网络二元混合物ftir分子动力学模拟理论致谢作者承认使用了大学间天文学和天体物理中心(IUCAA)服务器来运行MD模拟。标准普尔V公司感谢印度政府DST颁发的激励奖学金(IF190317)。非盟感谢印度泰米尔纳德邦中央大学提供大学奖学金。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。作者贡献:支持向量机构思原创思想;ARMK和AU进行了所有的模拟;SK和SPV进行了实验。所有作者都参与了结果的分析,并对结果的巩固、稿件的撰写和编辑做出了同等的贡献。数据可用性声明当前研究期间生成和/或分析的数据集可根据通讯作者的合理要求提供。补充数据本文的补充数据可在线访问https://doi.org/10.1080/00319104.2023.2263897.Additional informationfunding作者声明在撰写本文期间没有收到任何资金、资助或其他支持。
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引用次数: 1
Abraham Model Descriptors for Vitamin K4: Prediction of Solution, Biological and Thermodynamic Properties 亚伯拉罕模型描述维生素K4:溶液,生物和热力学性质的预测
4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.3390/liquids3040025
Saikiran Motati, Ramya Motati, Trisha Kandi, William E. Acree
Spectrophotometric measurements were used to determine the mole fraction solubilities of vitamin K4 dissolved in cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, 1-heptanol, 2-butanol, 2-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, and cyclopentanol at 298.15 K. Results from our experimental measurements, combined with the published solubility data, are used to calculate the solute descriptors of the vitamin K4 solute. The calculated solute descriptors describe the observed solubility data to within an overall standard deviation of 0.110 log units. The calculated solute descriptors were also used to estimate the several blood-to-rat tissue partition coefficients of vitamin K4, as well as the equilibrium vapor pressure above the solid vitamin at 298 K, and the vitamin’s enthalpy of solvation in both water and in 1,4-dioxane organic mono-solvent.
用分光光度法测定了维生素K4在298.15 K时溶于环己烷、甲基环己烷、1-庚醇、2-丁醇、2-戊醇、2-甲基-1-丁醇、4-甲基-2-戊醇和环戊醇中的摩尔分数溶解度。我们的实验测量结果,结合已发表的溶解度数据,用于计算维生素K4溶质的溶质描述符。计算的溶质描述符描述了观察到的溶解度数据,其总体标准偏差为0.110对数单位。计算的溶质描述符还用于估计维生素K4的几个血-大鼠组织分配系数,以及固体维生素在298 K时的平衡蒸汽压,以及维生素在水和1,4-二氧六环有机单溶剂中的溶剂化焓。
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引用次数: 1
Effective Recognition of Lithium Salt in (Choline Chloride: Glycerol) Deep Eutectic Solvent by Reichardt’s Betaine Dye 33 甜菜碱染料33对(氯化胆碱:甘油)深共熔溶剂中锂盐的有效识别
4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.3390/liquids3040024
Manish Kumar, Abhishek Kumar, Siddharth Pandey
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as novel alternatives to common solvents and VOCs. Their employment as electrolytes in batteries has been an area of intense research. In this context, understanding changes in the physicochemical properties of DESs in the presence of Li salts becomes of utmost importance. Solvatochromic probes have the potential to gauge such changes. It is reported herein that one such UV–vis molecular absorbance probe, Reichardt’s betaine dye 33, effectively manifests changes taking place in a DES Glyceline composed of H-bond accepting salt choline chloride and H-bond donor glycerol in a 1:2 molar ratio, as salt LiCl is added. The lowest energy intramolecular charge–transfer absorbance band of this dye exhibits a 17 nm hypsochromic shift as up to 3.0 molal LiCl is added to Glyceline. The estimated ETN parameter shows a linear increase with the LiCl mole fraction. Spectroscopic responses of betaine dye 33, N,N-diethyl-4-nitroaniline and 4-nitroaniline are used to assess empirical Kamlet–Taft parameters of dipolarity/polarizability (π*), H-bond-donating acidity (α) and H-bond-accepting basicity (β) as a function of LiCl concentration in Glyceline. LiCl addition to Glyceline results in an increase in α and no change in π* and β. It is proposed that the added lithium interacts with the oxygen of the –OH functionalities on the glycerol rendering of the solvent with increased H-bond-donating acidity. It is observed that pyrene, a popular fluorescence probe of solvent polarity, does respond to the addition of LiCl to Glyceline, however, the change in pyrene response starts to become noticeable only at higher LiCl concentrations (mLiCl ≥ 1.5 m). Reichardt’s betaine dye is found to be highly sensitive and versatile in gauging the physicochemical properties of DESs in the presence of LiCl.
深共晶溶剂(DESs)已成为普通溶剂和挥发性有机化合物的新替代品。它们作为电池电解质的应用一直是一个研究热点。在这种情况下,了解在锂盐存在下DESs的物理化学性质的变化变得至关重要。溶剂致变色探针有可能测量这种变化。本文报道了一种这样的紫外-可见分子吸光度探针Reichardt’s betaine dye 33,它可以有效地显示当盐LiCl加入时,由氢键接受盐氯化胆碱和氢键供体甘油按1:2摩尔比组成的DES甘氨酸发生的变化。当甘氨酸中加入3.0摩尔的LiCl时,该染料的分子内电荷转移吸光度带出现了17 nm的低色移。估计的ETN参数随LiCl摩尔分数呈线性增加。利用甜菜碱染料33、N、N-二乙基-4-硝基苯胺和4-硝基苯胺的光谱响应,评价了甘氨酸中双极性/极化率(π*)、供氢键酸度(α)和接受氢键碱度(β)的经验Kamlet-Taft参数与LiCl浓度的关系。在甘氨酸中加入LiCl导致α增加,而π*和β没有变化。提出了添加的锂与-OH官能团的氧相互作用,使溶剂的甘油生成具有更高的供氢键酸度。我们观察到,芘(一种常用的溶剂极性荧光探针)确实对向甘氨酸中加入LiCl有反应,然而,只有在LiCl浓度较高(mLiCl≥1.5 m)时,芘反应的变化才开始变得明显。在LiCl存在的情况下,Reichardt的甜菜碱染料在测量DESs的物理化学性质方面具有高度敏感性和多用途性。
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引用次数: 0
Behavior of C70 Fullerene in a Binary Mixture of Xylene and Tetrahydrofuran C70富勒烯在二甲苯和四氢呋喃二元混合物中的行为
IF 1.2 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.3390/liquids3030023
U. Makhmanov, S. Esanov, D. Sidigaliyev, K. Musurmonov, Bobirjon A. Aslonov, Tohirjon A. Chuliev
The self-organization properties of C70 fullerene molecules in a xylene/tetrahydrofuran binary mixture were studied for the first time by optical absorption, refractometry, and dynamic light scattering. A correlation has been established between the change in the refractive index of the C70/xylene/tetrahydrofuran solution and the degree of self-organization of C70 molecules in the medium at various concentrations and storage periods of the solution. It is shown that the features of the optical absorption spectrum of C70/xylene/tetrahydrofuran at a fixed low concentration of fullerene are sensitive to its storage time. It was determined that the beginning time of the formation of C70 nanoclusters and their final size depend on the degree of concentration of fullerene and the time spent keeping the solution. The observed nature of the C70 fullerene solution in a binary mixture may help to elucidate its mechanism of self-organization in the future.
采用光学吸收、折射和动态光散射等方法,首次研究了二甲苯/四氢呋喃二元混合物中C70富勒烯分子的自组织性质。建立了C70/二甲苯/四氢呋喃溶液的折射率变化与C70分子在介质中不同浓度和不同贮存期的自组织程度之间的相关性。结果表明,C70/二甲苯/四氢呋喃在固定低浓度富勒烯下的光吸收光谱特征对其贮存时间敏感。结果表明,C70纳米团簇形成的起始时间和最终尺寸取决于富勒烯的浓度和保持溶液的时间。观察到的C70富勒烯溶液在二元混合物中的性质可能有助于阐明其自组织机制。
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引用次数: 0
Photothermal Imaging of Transient and Steady State Convection Dynamics in Primary Alkanes 伯烷烃瞬态和稳态对流动力学的光热成像
IF 1.2 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/liquids3030022
Johan Dominguez Lopez, M. Gealy, Darin J. Ulness
This paper presents a photothermal spectroscopy technique that effectively images convective heat flow in molecular liquids resulting from localized laser-induced heating. The method combines aspects of thermal lensing and photothermal deflection. A high-energy infrared laser is used to induce a thermal lens in the sample, and a divergent visible laser is used to probe the entire region of the excitation beam within the sample. This approach allows for the observation of the convective flow of the liquid above the excitation beam. The study focuses on the liquid primary alkanes, from n-pentane to n-pentadecane. The paper provides experimental results, including dynamical data for the propagation of the thermal plume, a transient feature, in these alkanes and the exploration of dependence on excitation laser power.
本文介绍了一种光热光谱技术,该技术可以有效地成像分子液体中由局部激光加热引起的对流热流。该方法结合了热透镜和光热偏转两个方面。使用高能红外激光器在样品中诱导热透镜,使用发散可见激光器探测样品内激发光束的整个区域。这种方法允许观察激发光束上方液体的对流流动。研究的重点是液体伯烷烃,从正戊烷到正戊烷。本文提供了实验结果,包括这些烷烃中瞬态特征热羽流传播的动力学数据,以及对激发激光功率依赖性的探索。
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引用次数: 0
Micellization of a cationic and an anionic surfactant in the presence of diphenylcarbazide in aqueous media and the effect of micelle surface charge on the complexation of the solubilised ligand with metal ions 水介质中二苯基脲存在时阳离子和阴离子表面活性剂的胶束化以及胶束表面电荷对溶解配体与金属离子络合的影响
IF 1.2 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-08-27 DOI: 10.1080/00319104.2023.2250897
Mohammmad Rezaur Rahman, Md. Manwarul Islam, N. Islam
ABSTRACT In the present study, we carried out conductometric and surface tension analyses to report the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of tetradecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (TTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as a function of the concentration of a diphenylcarbazide (DPC). It is found that the micellization of TTAB becomes unfavourable while that of SDS becomes favourable in the presence of DPC. This indicates a substantial difference in the mutual interaction of the sparingly soluble ligand with the cationic and the anionic surfactants. The complexation ability of the solubilised DPC with hydrated Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions at varying concentrations of the cationic and anionic surfactants was studied by UV–Vis spectral analyses. With increasing the concentration of both surfactants up to their respective CMC values, the absorbance of the metal–DPC complex increases. However, the absorbance of the complex in TTAB micelles sharply decreases, showing almost zero values beyond the CMC, but that in SDS remains almost steady with increasing the concentration of the surfactant, as evidenced from the visible spectra.
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引用次数: 0
Solubilization of ibuprofen: Computational and predictive tools 布洛芬的溶解:计算和预测工具
IF 1.2 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-08-25 DOI: 10.1080/00319104.2023.2248543
Arshin Nemati, E. Rahimpour, A. Jouyban
ABSTRACT Herein, some trained models based on the vant’ Hoff and Jouyban-Acree model were proposed for predicting ibuprofen solubility in the mono-solvents and binary systems. The predictive models were obtained by the combination of the vant’ Hoff and Jouyban-Acree model with variables derived from the Abraham, Hansen, and Catalan parameters. The prediction power of the proposed equations was evaluated by computing the overall mean relative deviation values of the solubility data for ibuprofen in 16 mono-solvents and 17 binary mixtures and discussed. The developed equations enable the researchers to predict the solubility trend of ibuprofen in mono- and binary mixtures at different temperatures, which can be helpful in research and industrial applications.
{"title":"Solubilization of ibuprofen: Computational and predictive tools","authors":"Arshin Nemati, E. Rahimpour, A. Jouyban","doi":"10.1080/00319104.2023.2248543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00319104.2023.2248543","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Herein, some trained models based on the vant’ Hoff and Jouyban-Acree model were proposed for predicting ibuprofen solubility in the mono-solvents and binary systems. The predictive models were obtained by the combination of the vant’ Hoff and Jouyban-Acree model with variables derived from the Abraham, Hansen, and Catalan parameters. The prediction power of the proposed equations was evaluated by computing the overall mean relative deviation values of the solubility data for ibuprofen in 16 mono-solvents and 17 binary mixtures and discussed. The developed equations enable the researchers to predict the solubility trend of ibuprofen in mono- and binary mixtures at different temperatures, which can be helpful in research and industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":20094,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Liquids","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78611321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multiparametric Investigations on Solvation Behaviour and Spectral Shifts of Symmetric Aromatic Diselenides: A case study of Diphenyldiselenide 对称芳香二硒化物的溶剂化行为和光谱位移的多参数研究:以二苯基二硒化物为例
IF 1.2 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-08-24 DOI: 10.1080/00319104.2023.2248343
Shabnam Raheem, Richu, Tabee Jan, M. Mustafa, G. M. Peerzada, Ashwani Kumar, M. Rizvi
ABSTRACT Decorating symmetric aromatic diselenide motif such as in diphenyldiselenide (DPDSe) with diverse supra-functionalities provides a plethora of bioactivities for pharmacological applications. Solvent studies of bioactive molecules are vital descriptors for their drug development as these can predict the drug–target interaction. This study aims to evaluate the influence of intermolecular interactional forces on the solvation behaviour and spectral shifts of DPDSe. The solvation behaviour of DPDSe was evaluated primarily via solvent polarity and solvent parameters. The observed solvatochromic shifts were analysed with various solvent study models, of which Kamlet–Taft and Catalan models were found to be most suitable for describing intermolecular interactions of DPDSe. The experimental data suggest an overall red shift with increasing solvent polarity. Moreover, data analysis using solvatochromic models predict negative coefficients for solvent dipolarity (π*) and solvent polarisabilities (SP) and (SdP). The studied dipole moment values indicate the more polar nature of DPDSe in the excited state relative to the ground state, further corroborating the observed bathochromic shift with increasing solvent polarity.
{"title":"Multiparametric Investigations on Solvation Behaviour and Spectral Shifts of Symmetric Aromatic Diselenides: A case study of Diphenyldiselenide","authors":"Shabnam Raheem, Richu, Tabee Jan, M. Mustafa, G. M. Peerzada, Ashwani Kumar, M. Rizvi","doi":"10.1080/00319104.2023.2248343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00319104.2023.2248343","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Decorating symmetric aromatic diselenide motif such as in diphenyldiselenide (DPDSe) with diverse supra-functionalities provides a plethora of bioactivities for pharmacological applications. Solvent studies of bioactive molecules are vital descriptors for their drug development as these can predict the drug–target interaction. This study aims to evaluate the influence of intermolecular interactional forces on the solvation behaviour and spectral shifts of DPDSe. The solvation behaviour of DPDSe was evaluated primarily via solvent polarity and solvent parameters. The observed solvatochromic shifts were analysed with various solvent study models, of which Kamlet–Taft and Catalan models were found to be most suitable for describing intermolecular interactions of DPDSe. The experimental data suggest an overall red shift with increasing solvent polarity. Moreover, data analysis using solvatochromic models predict negative coefficients for solvent dipolarity (π*) and solvent polarisabilities (SP) and (SdP). The studied dipole moment values indicate the more polar nature of DPDSe in the excited state relative to the ground state, further corroborating the observed bathochromic shift with increasing solvent polarity.","PeriodicalId":20094,"journal":{"name":"Physics and Chemistry of Liquids","volume":"55 28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86693684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Elaboration, synthesis and characterization by the viscosimetric study of chitosan materials in dimethyl sulfoxide hydrochloric acid 壳聚糖材料在二甲基亚砜盐酸中的制备、合成及粘度测定研究
IF 1.2 4区 化学 Q4 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.1080/00319104.2023.2249578
Wiem Ardhaoui, E. Cherif
ABSTRACT The present work is concerned with experimental results of viscosimetric properties of materials biopolymer of chitosan solutions in HCl acid and dimethyl sulphoxide DMSO. The dynamic viscosity of solutions of Chitosan CH + DMSO/HCl over a wide range of concentrations (1 to 10) g/l and at different temperatures (293.15 to 318.15) K was measured. The reduced dynamic viscosity and the activation energy of reduced dynamic viscosity E η are calculated. Biopolymer solutions exhibit a critical concentration c*, separating the dilute solutions and semi-dilute solutions. The most important results refer to the activation energy of reduced dynamic viscosity found from Arrhenius plots. The dependence of the activation energy on solution concentration and temperature is discussed. The biopolymer CH behaviour can be extrapolated from the Flory-Huggins theory by decomposing such as E η = (E η ) di + (E η ) sdi  + (E η ) cri . The dilute solution behaviour of Arrhenius is described by the CH-DMSO/HCL interaction and represented by the function (E η ) di . For the semi-dilute solution behaviour of non-Arrhenius which is described by the interaction between the CH–CH and represented by the function (E η ) sdi . The critical solution behaviour is described by the interaction between the CH-CH-DMSO/HCl and represented by the function (E η ) cri .
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引用次数: 0
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Physics and Chemistry of Liquids
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